sow
root. wash, bath
red
root. scatter, sow
reddā
noun. sown field, acre
kiris
root. cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split
del
root. *fair
A root meaning “delicate” or “fair of form” that appears in a couple distinct etymological note from 1959; in one of them it was the basis for Q. Elda/S. Edhel (PE17/159). Given the revised etymologies for words for “Elf” in the Quendi and Eldar essay written soon thereafter, this root may have been short lived.
rhedh-
verb. to sow
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form N. rheði “to sow” under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED).
Neo-Sindarin: Since initial r unvoiced to rh in Noldorin of the 1930s but not in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. redh- “to sow”, as suggested in HSD (HSD).
rhedh-
verb. to sow
rîdh
noun. sown field, acre
rîdh
noun. ‘sown’, sown field, acre
pel
noun. fenced field (= Old English tún)
rer-
to sow
#rer- vb. "to sow" (1st pers. aorist rerin "I sow"), pa.t. rendë (RED)
resta
noun. sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair
A noun for “sown field, tilled ground” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). Later in the same document it was glossed “acre” (PE19/101). The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. resta “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form resta did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Tolkien seems to have used this word to mean “✱fair” as in parma-resta “✱book-fair” in the untranslated phrase nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna meldonya from around 1964 (VT49/38). Carl Hostetter proposed that this phrase meant “✱may a star shine upon your book-fair, my friend”, referring to the appearing of Martin Blackman at the World Book Fair in June of 1964 (VT49/39). Assuming this interpretation is correct, Hostetter suggested it might be due the use of fields as a common location for fairs.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. arwa “field” derived from the early root ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways” (QL/32), cognate to G. garw “sown-field” (GL/38). The word ᴱQ. milnar or milnarwa “sown field” under the early root ᴱ√MILI seems to be an elaboration of ᴱQ. arwa, prefixed by a reduced form of ᴱQ. milin “grain of seed” (QL/61).
resta
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground, acre
resta
sown field, acre
resta noun "sown field, acre" (VT46:11 cf. RED-). The word parma-restalyanna, probably meaning *"(up)on your book-fair", seems to use #resta in the sense of "fair" (as held in a field?) Carl F. Hostetter however suggests that #resta "fair" may be related to ré "day" (VT49:39-40); if so this word is wholly distinct from resta "sown field".
rel-
verb. to sow
rerindo
noun. sower
A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), an agental form of [ᴹQ.] rer- “to sow”.
hyar-
cleave
#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.
rína
adjective. scattered, sown
hyar-
verb. cleave
sovo-
wash
sovo- vb. "wash" (read perhaps #sov- if the verb is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkiens later versions of the language do not seem to have o-stem verbs), pa.t. sóvë (QL:86)
vinta-
scatter
*vinta- (1) vb, later pronunctiation of winta- "scatter", q.v.
winta-
scatter, blow about
winta- vb. "scatter, blow about" (both transitive and intransitive) (PM:376)
redh-
verb. to sow
rîdh
noun. sown field, sown field, [N.] acre
A noun for a “sown field” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rîð “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form N. rîð did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Conceptual Development: There were several other “field” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. garw “sown-field” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, also functioning as an adjective meaning “tilled” (GL/38). ᴱN. gwas “field” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
rîdh
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
redh
sow
redh- (i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend
redh
sow
(i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend
redh-
verb. to sow
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
rîdh
sown field
(acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
(acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
iôl
noun. wash, flood-water
parth
noun. field, enclosed grassland, sward
talf
noun. flat field, flat land
iôl
wash
(noun, flood-water) iôl (pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)
iôl
wash
(pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)
parth
field
1) parth (i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth), 2) (low, flat field, or wetland) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. _(Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”. 3) sant (i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)_
parth
field
(i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth)
sant
field
(i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
talf
field
(i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. (Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”.
resta
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
resta
noun. sown field, tilled ground
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
sowo
root. SOWO
oro
root. *sow
sovo
root. wash
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SOVO and ᴱ√SOW̯O glossed “wash”, having derivatives like ᴱQ. sovo- “wash” and ᴱQ. saune “bath” (QL/85), the latter a result of the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|[ei], [ou] became [ai], [au]]] (in later Quenya phonology, these generally became [ī], [ū]). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the primitive form was given as soƀ with derivatives like G. sô- “wash, clean, bathe” and G. sôn “pure, clean” from primitive ᴱ✶sou̯na (GL/68). This last primitive form reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s where it had derivatives like ᴱQ. sauna “clean” and ᴱN. hûn “polished, burnished, shining” (PE13/148).
Neo-Eldarin: I think it is worth positing an Neo-Root ᴺ√SOW “wash” and variant ᴺ√SAW “bath” to salvage some of these early words.
fasa Speculative
root. wash
A hypothetical early root to explain words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. fas- “wash” and G. fôs “bath” (GL/34). It seems to have at least one Qenya derivative as well in the 1910s-name: ᴱQ. Faskala-númen “Bath of the Setting Sun” (LT1/187). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.
rer-
verb. to sow
A verb appearing as 1st sg. ᴹQ. rerin “I sow” with past tense rende in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED). Here the ancient d became r as it usually did after vowels.
Neo-Quenya: In both Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s and Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, Tolkien indicated that when medial d followed an r, it could dissimilate to l rather that following its usual development to r (PE19/32, PE19/70). In OP2 he gave the verb Q. ral- < √RAD as an example (PE19/99). Thus it is possible that ᴹQ. rer- should be revised to ᴺQ. rel- “to sow” to fit this rule, as suggested by Elaran. However, since Tolkien had this rule in the 1930s but still had ᴹQ. rer- in The Etymologies, I prefer to think the dissimilation of medial d to l was a sporadic change, and would therefore retain rer- for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. orya- “sow” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70).
resta
noun. ‘sown’, sown field, acre
graus
noun. sow, *female pig
A noun for “a sow” (female pig) in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/42).
garw
noun/adjective. sown-field; tilled
orya-
verb. to sow
ristale
noun. sowing time
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sowing time”, a noun form of ᴱQ. rista- “plant” (QL/80).
ristar
noun. sower
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sower”, an agental form of ᴱQ. rista- “plant” (QL/80).
milnar(wa)
noun. sown field
rína
adjective. scattered, sown
arwa
noun. field
red
root. scatter, sow
reddā
noun. ‘sown’, sown field, acre
kir
root. cleave
gwas
noun. field
This root first appeared as ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with augmented variant ᴹ√ERÉD and derivatives like ᴹQ. erde/N. eredh “seed, germ” and ᴹQ. resta/N. rîdh “sown field, acre” (Ety/ERÉD, RED). √RED appeared again in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s with the same gloss “scatter, sow” and derivatives Q. resta/S. rîdh “sown field” (PE19/91). The Quenya word resta reappeared in the 1964 phrase Q. nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna meldonya “✱may a star shine upon your book-fair, my friend” (VT49/38), which might indicate the ongoing validity of this root, but it is also quite possible that resta “✱fair” has a completely different etymology.