Quenya 

rer-

to sow

#rer- vb. "to sow" (1st pers. aorist rerin "I sow"), pa.t. rendë (RED)

rel-

verb. to sow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hyar-

cleave

#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.

hyar-

verb. cleave

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sovo-

wash

sovo- vb. "wash" (read perhaps #sov- if the verb is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkiens later versions of the language do not seem to have o-stem verbs), pa.t. sóvë (QL:86)

vinta-

scatter

*vinta- (1) vb, later pronunctiation of winta- "scatter", q.v.

winta-

scatter, blow about

winta- vb. "scatter, blow about" (both transitive and intransitive) (PM:376)

Sindarin 

redh-

verb. to sow

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

redh

sow

redh- (i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

redh

sow

(i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

redh-

verb. to sow

Element in

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

iôl

noun. wash, flood-water

Sindarin [Onodiôl RC/334, VT/48:33] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iôl

wash

(noun, flood-water) iôl (pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)

iôl

wash

(pl. ŷl) (VT48:33, RC:334)

Primitive elvish

sow

root. wash, bath

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. saunë “bath, small pool”
  • ᴺQ. sausa “bath water, hot water”
  • ᴺQ. sov- “to wash, *bathe”
  • ᴺQ. sovalda- “to cleanse, purify”
  • ᴺQ. sovallë “washing, bathing, purification”
  • ᴺQ. sovalwa “cleansing, *purifying”
  • ᴺS. saun “bath”
  • ᴺS. saw- “to wash, bathe, clean”
Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

red

root. scatter, sow

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with augmented variant ᴹ√ERÉD and derivatives like ᴹQ. erde/N. eredh “seed, germ” and ᴹQ. resta/N. rîdh “sown field, acre” (Ety/ERÉD, RED). √RED appeared again in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s with the same gloss “scatter, sow” and derivatives Q. resta/S. rîdh “sown field” (PE19/91). The Quenya word resta reappeared in the 1964 phrase Q. nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna meldonya “✱may a star shine upon your book-fair, my friend” (VT49/38), which might indicate the ongoing validity of this root, but it is also quite possible that resta “✱fair” has a completely different etymology.

Derivatives

  • ✶reddā “sown field, acre” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • Q. resta “sown field, tilled ground, acre; *fair” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • S. rîdh “sown field, sown field, [N.] acre” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092
    • T. resta “sown field, tilled ground” ✧ PE19/091
  • ᴺQ. rerestë “scattering, diaspore”
Primitive elvish [PE19/091; PE19/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kiris

root. cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split

Derivatives

  • ✶kirissi “cleft”
    • S. criss “cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine” ✧ PE21/80
  • ᴺS. crisg “sharp [edged]”
  • S. criss “cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine”
  • S. crist “cleaver, cleaver; [N.] sword; [G.] knife; slash, slice”
  • ᴺS. crista- “to slash, cut, slice”

Element in

Variations

  • kris- ✧ SA/ris
Primitive elvish [SA/ris] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhedh-

verb. to sow

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form N. rheði “to sow” under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED).

Neo-Sindarin: Since initial r unvoiced to rh in Noldorin of the 1930s but not in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. redh- “to sow”, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rer- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RED > rheði[red-] > [reð-] > [r̥eð-]✧ Ety/RED

rhedh-

verb. to sow

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

rer-

verb. to sow

A verb appearing as 1st sg. ᴹQ. rerin “I sow” with past tense rende in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED). Here the ancient d became r as it usually did after vowels.

Neo-Quenya: In both Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s and Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, Tolkien indicated that when medial d followed an r, it could dissimilate to l rather that following its usual development to r (PE19/32, PE19/70). In OP2 he gave the verb Q. ral- < √RAD as an example (PE19/99). Thus it is possible that ᴹQ. rer- should be revised to ᴺQ. rel- “to sow” to fit this rule, as suggested by Elaran. However, since Tolkien had this rule in the 1930s but still had ᴹQ. rer- in The Etymologies, I prefer to think the dissimilation of medial d to l was a sporadic change, and would therefore retain rer- for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. orya- “sow” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70).

Cognates

  • N. rhedh- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RED > rerin[redin] > [reðin] > [rerin]✧ Ety/RED

Middle Primitive Elvish

red

root. scatter, sow

Changes

  • ERĒD → ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶eredē “seed” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
    • Ilk. erdh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD
    • ᴹQ. erde “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
    • N. eredh “seed, germ” ✧ Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD
  • ᴹ✶reddā “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
    • ᴹQ. resta “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
    • N. rîdh “‘sown’, sown field, acre” ✧ Ety/RED
  • ᴺQ. rel- “to sow”
  • ᴹQ. rer- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED
  • N. rhedh- “to sow” ✧ Ety/RED

Variations

  • ERÉD ✧ Ety/ERÉD; Ety/RED
  • ERĒD ✧ EtyAC/ERÉD (ERĒD)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ERÉD; Ety/RED; EtyAC/ERÉD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kir

root. cleave

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶kiryā “ship”
    • ᴹQ. kirya “ship, boat” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060; PE19/060
  • ᴹQ. kirya “ship, boat” ✧ Ety/KIR
  • N. ceir “ship” ✧ Ety/KIR

Element in

  • ᴹ√KIRIK “*reap”
  • ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” ✧ EtyAC/KIR (KIRÍS)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIR; EtyAC/KIR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

graus

noun. sow, *female pig

A noun for “a sow” (female pig) in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/42).

Early Primitive Elvish

oro

root. *sow

Derivatives

  • Eq. ore “seed, grain” ✧ QL/070
  • Eq. orya- “to sow” ✧ QL/070
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sovo

root. wash

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SOVO and ᴱ√SOW̯O glossed “wash”, having derivatives like ᴱQ. sovo- “wash” and ᴱQ. saune “bath” (QL/85), the latter a result of the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|[ei], [ou] became [ai], [au]]] (in later Quenya phonology, these generally became [ī], [ū]). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the primitive form was given as soƀ with derivatives like G. sô- “wash, clean, bathe” and G. sôn “pure, clean” from primitive ᴱ✶sou̯na (GL/68). This last primitive form reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s where it had derivatives like ᴱQ. sauna “clean” and ᴱN. hûn “polished, burnished, shining” (PE13/148).

Neo-Eldarin: I think it is worth positing an Neo-Root ᴺ√SOW “wash” and variant ᴺ√SAW “bath” to salvage some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶souna ✧ GL/68
    • Eq. sauna “clean” ✧ PE13/148
    • En. hûn “polished, burnished, shining” ✧ PE13/148
    • G. sôn “pure, clean” ✧ GL/68
    • Et. súna “clean” ✧ PE13/148
  • ᴱ✶sou̯þ- ✧ GL/68
    • G. soth “bath” ✧ GL/68
  • Eq. soile “cleansing” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. soina “clean” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. saune “bath, small pool” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sausa “bath water, hot water” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovo- “to wash” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovalna- “to cleanse, purify” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sovallu- “to cleanse, purify” ✧ QL/086
  • G. sovri “cleansing” ✧ GL/68
  • G. sô- “to wash, clean, bathe” ✧ GL/68; GL/68

Variations

  • soƀ ✧ GL/68; GL/68 (soƀ)
  • SOW̯O ✧ QL/086
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/68; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fasa Speculative

root. wash

A hypothetical early root to explain words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. fas- “wash” and G. fôs “bath” (GL/34). It seems to have at least one Qenya derivative as well in the 1910s-name: ᴱQ. Faskala-númen “Bath of the Setting Sun” (LT1/187). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

orya-

verb. to sow

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “*sow” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ORO² > orya-[orja-]✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by