Sindarin
ar-
prefix. king
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Ara-
prefix. king
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
taer
lofty
adj. lofty. Q. tāra.
taer
adjective. lofty, lofty, *high
tar-
verb. to stand
tara
tough
(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
taur
king
(i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. TĀ to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.
taur
lofty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
cai
noun. hedge
Anor
noun. sun
Anor
noun. Sun
_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil
ara
noun. king
_ n. _king.
aran
noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)
cai
noun. hedge
cair
noun. ship
cair
noun. ship
The Sindarin word for “ship”, most notably appearing as an element in the name Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” (LotR/812; PM/371). It is derived from primitive ✶kiryā, with the ancient i becoming e via a-affection [kery(a)], then the y intruding into the main syllable to form the diphthong ei [keir], and ultimately ei becoming ai as usual in final syllables in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s [kair]. This word has a somewhat unusual plural, since ī replaced final ā in its ancient plural [kiryā-ī > kirī], so that a-affection did not occur resulting in a modern plural form cîr “ships” (PE17/147). Its class plural is likewise the somewhat unusual ciriath “[all the] ships” for similar reasons.
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies from around 1937 had N. ceir “ship” under the root ᴹ√KIR “cleave” (Ety/KIR), since in Noldorin of the 1930s ei did not (usually) become ai in final syllables. In Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, Tolkien gave cīr “ship”, first marked “N.”, then “Ilk.”, then “N. & Ilk.” (PE21/57 and note #28). It had the class plurals círiath or ciriath but it is not clear which of these was the intended final form (PE21/57 note #28). I think ciriath is more phonologically plausible; compare class plural S. Firiath “Mortals” vs. ordinary plural Fîr (WJ/387).
Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had the word ᴱN. cair followed by ᴱN. braithgair, but neither word was translated (PE13/139-140).
dern
tough
_ adj. _tough. >> dír-
dír-
prefix. tough
galadh
noun. tree
galadh
tree
_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
tree
{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
noun. tree
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
lebethron
noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor
In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
malhorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mallorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
malt
noun. gold, gold (as metal)
A noun for “gold” based on the root √MALAT. The Etymologies of the 1930s specified that N. malt was “gold (as metal)” derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). This is consistent with Tolkien’s later notes in which Q. malta was “gold (metal)”, as opposed to Q. laurë/S. glaur which was “gold (colour or light)” (PE17/51, 159). Note that in The Etymologies the form was revised to (h)malt indicating an archaic voiceless hm that was the result of ancient sm (EtyAC/SMAL), but this would no longer be the case after the root became √MALAT.
malthorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mírdan
noun. jewel-smith
mîr
noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure
mîr
noun. jewel
_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir
orn
noun. (any large) tree
oron
noun. tree
n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn
raud
lofty
taw
adverb. thither
Anor
sun
1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
aran
king
1) (king of a region) aran (pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural). 2) (king of a people) †taur (i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. _T_Ā to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.
aran
king
(pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural).
arth
lofty
1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
arth
lofty
(noble, exalted), pl. erth
brand
lofty
(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
cai
hedge
cai (i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);
cai
hedge
(i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);
cair
ship
cair (in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.
cair
ship
(in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.
caraes
hedge of spikes
(i garaes, o charaes). No distinct pl. form except with article (i charaes).
cirion
shipman
(i girion) (sailor), pl. ciryn (i chiryn), coll. pl. cirionnath.
círdan
shipbuilder, shipwright
(i gírdan, o chírdan) (shipwright), pl. círdain (i chírdain).
dorn
tough
1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
dorn
tough
(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
galadh
tree
1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
galadh
tree
(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).
galadhon
of or related to trees
(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien). Adj.
golovir
noldo-jewel
(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
huorn
walking tree of fangorn
(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).
lebethron
oak tree
.
malad
gold
(as metal) 1) malad (i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl. 2) malt (i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i **lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10) GOLD (COLOUR?) *mall (i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.
malad
gold
(i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl.
mall
gold
(i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.
malt
gold
(i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i ’lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) (VT41:10)
mirion
great jewel
(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mírdan
jewel-smith
(i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)
míriel
jewel-like
(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)
mîr
jewel
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mîr
jewel
(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
nothlir
family tree
(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
orchall
lofty
(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)
orn
tree
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
toss
low-growing tree
(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see
pref. king. >> ara-, Arathorn