ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• S. Targon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tagra > taer	[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ PE17/186

tar-

verb. to stand

Cognates

• Q. tar- “to stand”

Derivations

• √TAR “stand”

tara

tough

(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

cai

noun. hedge

cai

noun. hedge

Cognates

• Q. cëa “*hedge” ✧ PE17/101

Derivations

• √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101
• ✶kegyā “hedge” ✧ UT/282
  • ✶KEG “snag, barb” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• S. Morgai “Black Fence” ✧ PE17/101; UT/282

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KAYA > gai	[kaja] > [kaia] > [kai]	✧ PE17/101
✶kegyā > cai	[kegjā] > [kegja] > [keɣja] > [keɣia] > [keɣi] > [keiɣ] > [kei] > [kai]	✧ UT/282

dern

tough

_ adj. _tough. >> dír-

dír-

prefix. tough

_ pref. _tough. >> dern, dirbedui

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

cai

hedge

cai (i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

cai

hedge

(i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

caraes

hedge of spikes

(i garaes, o charaes). No distinct pl. form except with article (i charaes).

dorn

tough

1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.

dorn

tough

(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).