-ina
general 'passive' participle
-ina
suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle
ina
(stronger) the
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in -ë. This function dates back to CE. ✶-ā.
-inā
suffix. adjective; passive participle
-nā
suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle
inā
article. emphatical anaphoric adj, the very one intended
-ni
suffix. adjectival suffix
Seen in lugni < LUG, luini < LUY and ninkwi < NIKW (with subsequent metathesis). Possibly a (rare) variant of -nā and/or -i.
-ya
suffix. adjectival suffix
thorono
noun. eagle
ina
article. the, (emphatic) article
haudh-en-ndengin
place name. Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain
Mound of the Elves and Men slain during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, translated “Hill of Slain” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and the plural of dangen “slain”.
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Cûm a Thegranaithos “Mound of the First Sorrow”, revised to Cûm a Gumlaith of similar meaning (LT1/149). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” (SM/312, LR/147), then to Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain” (LR/314) and finally Haudh-na-Dengin (LR/312). In The Etymologies, the middle preposition was replaced with the definite article i, Haudh i Ndengin (Ety/KHAG, NDAK) and in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s it changed to the combined article-preposition ina (WJ/79), then finally to en in Haudh-en-Ndengin (WJ/169).
-i
suffix. adjectival suffix
-(i)on
suffix. adjectival suffix
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
-ina
suffix. adjectival suffix
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
-ea
suffix. adjectival suffix
-inen
suffix. of, out of; partitive suffix
-ra
suffix. adjectival suffix
angaina
adjective. of iron
telusta
adjective. outer, extreme, ultimate
A word appearing as ᴱQ. telusta or [telust]ina “outer, extreme, ultimate” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. teluste “extremity” (QL/91).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. telustë “extremity” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. telusta “outer, extreme, ultimate” as well.
-ina
suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle
ina
the one that; the fact (that)
kulina
adjective. flame-coloured, golden-red
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “flame-coloured, golden-red” derived from the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” along with a variant ᴹQ. kulda (Ety/KUL), the latter probably derived from ✱*kulnā*. These adjectives replaced an early version kul(l)ina that seems to have only meant “red” (EtyAC/KUL).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kuluvoite “golden” with variant kuluksa, an elaboration of ᴱQ. kulu “gold” under the early root ᴱ√KULU (QL/49; PME/49).
kuluina
adjective. orange (coloured); of gold, golden
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
-ina
suffix. adjective
-nā
suffix. adjective
-ya
suffix. adjectival suffix
bedūina
proper name. *of Spouses
-en Reconstructed
suffix. adjectival suffix
An adjectival suffix appearing as both -en and -in, and in one place as -on: Brithon. The -en form can be easily explained as a derivative of the primitive suffix ᴹ✶-ina, with the [[ilk|primitive [i] becoming [e] due to Ilkorin a-affection]], the same origin as the Noldorin adjectival suffix -en. The -in variant is more difficult to explain. At least one example lómen had variations with both -en and -in, so perhaps the two forms represented vacillation on the function of Ilkorin a-affection, or an alternate primitive form ᴹ✶-ină where the final ă was lost before a-affection.
Alternately, -in could be a Doriathrin-specific variant, since the forms where it appears are all Doriathrin, while the forms where -en appear are marked Ilkorin, excepting only lómen which was itself revised from lómin.
-(i)on
suffix. adjectival suffix
-eg
suffix. adjectival suffix
-og
suffix. adjectival suffix
-eb
suffix. adjectival suffix
-ina ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" (VT43:15); compare nótina "counted", rácina "broken", hastaina "marred" (q.v.). The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb (as in the two first examples above), though the lengthening fails to occur (or is not denoted) in carina as the passive participle of car- "make, do" (VT43:15).