en

article. of the (genitival article)

en

?. ?

@@@ In VT50/13 Carl Hostetter suggested this might be an indicative passive voice marker en, vs. subjunctive passive voice marker aen, maybe a plural form e “he”.

en

preposition. of the

en

pronoun. 1st sg pronoun

en

of the

poss. art. of the.

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

The usual Sindarin/Noldorin word for “middle” is enedh derived from the root √ENED (UT/264; VT48/25; Ety/ÉNED). This is complicated by the fact that Tolkien wrote Enedwaith “Middle-region” on The Lord of the Rings map (LotR/1089; Let/224). It is my opinion that this use of d for dh originally reflected Tolkien’s normal representation of this letter Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, for example 1940s N. Caradras and N. Fanuidol vs. later S. Caradhras and S. Fanuidhol.

Unlike those other representations of dh, Tolkien never corrected Enedwaith in the published texts, and in notes from the late 1960s he considered revising the “middle” to ened derived from √HENET (VT41/16). In other notes from this period he said Enedhwaith was misspelt ened (VT42/20), so I think ened < √HENET was likely a transient idea.

In compounds enedh is generally used as an adjective, such a lebenedh “middle finger” and Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven”. In The Etymologies this word was glossed “middle, centre” (Ety/ÉNED) and “core, centre” (Ety/NÉD), which makes me think it was a noun.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would treat enedh as a noun when used independently, and use [ᴺS.] enaidh as the adjective for “central, middle”.

ened

noun. centre

eneg

cardinal. six

The Sindarin word for “six” based on the root √ENEK of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/25; VT48/6; Ety/ÉNEK).

Conceptual Development: Rough notes associated with the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s had the deleted forms ᴱN. leme and limel near undeleted ᴱN. eneg, all unglossed but probably words for “✱five” and “✱six” (PE13/128 note #78).

ennorath

place name. (All) the Middle-lands

A variant form of Ennor with the class-plural suffix -ath added, meaning “lands of Middle-earth” or “(All) the Middle-lands” (LotR/1115, PE17/25-6).

en-

verb. *to name

ennas

adverb. there

eneg

cardinal. six

eneth

noun. name

ennas

adverb. there, in that place

Haudh-en-Ellet

noun. Haudh-en-Ellet

rest of the Elf maiden ; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + el (S eledh “elf”) + eth (traditional ending for women’s names)

Haudh-en-Ndengin

noun. Haudh-en-Ndengin

mound of the slaying; haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + (n-)dengin (pl. of dangen “slain, slaying”) #We would rather expect it to be Hauth-e-Ndengin, so perhaps it's a dialectal variation of the name; the Etym. gives it as Haudh i Ndengin, which looks more like LR-style S with the second element Ndengin in plural.

remmen

adjective. meshed, netted, woven, (en)tangled

An adjectival element in (plural) galadhremmin “tree-tangled, tree-meshed” from the prayer A Elbereth Gilthoniel (LotR/1115; RGEO/64; PE17/20-21). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien gave the singular form as remmen < ✶rembinā and translated it as “meshed, netted, woven” (PE17/26). In notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, remmen was glossed “entangled” as an adjectival form of rem(m) “net (for catching)”, all based on the root √REB or √REM “entangle, snare, trap” (VT42/12).

In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien spelled remen with a single m, a representation of the sound change whereby [[s|[mm] shortened]] in Sindarin (PE23/140). Elsewhere the spelling remmen is more common, but the pronunciation is still [remen] in those cases as well (LotR/1115). The m-sound is still treated as a consonant cluster for purposes of stress, however, so that the stress patten for galadhremmen is [gàlaðrémen] and not [galáðremen].

Haudh en ellas

Haudh en ellas

{ð} topon. >> Haudh nan ellas

haudh-en-ellas

place name. Haudh-en-Ellas

Methed-en-Glad

noun. end of wood

methed (“end”) + en (sing. gen. article) + glad (“wood”)

methed-en-glad

place name. End of the Wood

A stronghold of the followers of Túrin translated “End of the Wood” (UT/153), a combination of methed “end”, en “of the” and glad “wood”.

-ien

suffix. feminine ending

An occasional feminine suffix in Sindarin, in one place given as a feminine patronymic (PE17/170) as in the name Lúthien “Daughter of Flowers” (PE17/15, 161). See the entry on the root √YE(L) for a discussion of conceptual vacillations on its connection to “daughter”.

Conceptual Development: In Noldorin it seems N. -ien was simply a feminine suffix in the name N. Lhúthien “Enchantress” (Ety/LUK).

i·veleglind i eithro en estar i·chîn húrin

*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin

bar-en-danwedh

place name. House of Ransom

The name that Mîm gave to his home after he was forced to give it to Túrin in exchange for his life, translated “House of Ransom” (S/203). The initial element of the name is bâr “house” (SA/bar), followed by en “of” and danwedh “ransom”.

cabed-en-aras

place name. Deer’s Leap

The original name of Cabed Naeramarth before Nienor leapt to her death (S/224), translated “Deer’s Leap” (UT/150). It is a combination of cabed “leap”, en “of the” and aras “deer”.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name was first written Mengas Dûr, quickly revised Cabad-en-Aras with an a in the last syllable of the first word, and finally changed to Cabed-en-Aras with an e (WJ/156).

cirith forn en andrath

place name. High-Climbing Pass of the North

Sindarin name of the High Pass over the Misty Mountains that Bilbo and the Dwarves followed on their Quest to Erebor (UT/271, 278 note #4). This name is a combination of cirith “cleft, pass”, forn “north”, en “of the” and Andrath “Long Climb”.

haudh-en-arwen

place name. Ladybarrow

Grave of Lady Haleth translated “Ladybarrow” (S/147), a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and Arwen “Noble Maiden”, the last used as a title rather than a name.

haudh-en-elleth

place name. Mound of the Elf-maid

Grave of Finduilas translated “Mound of the Elf-maid” (S/216), a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and Elleth “Elf-maid”.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name appeared as Haudh-en-Ellas (WJ/92). This variant also appeared in notes from around 1966-7 (PE17/97).

haudh-en-ndengin

place name. Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain

Mound of the Elves and Men slain during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, translated “Hill of Slain” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and the plural of dangen “slain”.

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Cûm a Thegranaithos “Mound of the First Sorrow”, revised to Cûm a Gumlaith of similar meaning (LT1/149). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” (SM/312, LR/147), then to Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain” (LR/314) and finally Haudh-na-Dengin (LR/312). In The Etymologies, the middle preposition was replaced with the definite article i, Haudh i Ndengin (Ety/KHAG, NDAK) and in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s it changed to the combined article-preposition ina (WJ/79), then finally to en in Haudh-en-Ndengin (WJ/169).

haudh-en-nirnaeth

place name. Mound of Tears

Another name for Haudh-en-Ndengin, translated “Hill of Tears” (S/197). It is a combination of haudh “mound”, en “of the” and nirnaeth “lamentation, tears”.

taur-en-faroth

place name. *Forest of the Hunting

Highlands near Nargothrond, described as the “Hills of the Hunters” in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (SA/faroth, LB/214). This earlier description does not seem to be a proper translation, since the initial element of this name is clearly taur “forest”, followed by en “of the” and faroth. The last word is untranslated, but it probably has something to do with hunting, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (SA/faroth).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the first Elvish name for this region was N. Duil Rewinion (SM/225), later revised to N. Taur-na-Faroth (LR/262). A similar form Taur-na-Faras appeared in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue”, where faras is glossed “hunting” (Ety/SPAR). This is the best evidence for the meaning of Faroth.

leben

cardinal. five

The Sindarin word for “five” based on the root √LEPEN of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT48/6).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. elf(in) “five” derived from the early root ᴱ√lef [LEǶE] (GL/32, 53). Rough notes associated with the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s had the deleted forms ᴱN. leme and limel near ᴱN. eneg “✱six”, so these were probably words for “five” (PE13/128 note #78). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. lheben “five” under the root ᴹ√LEPEN of the same meaning (Ety/LEPEN), with the 1930s sound change of initial *l* to *lh* which did not occur in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Bar-en-Danwedh

noun. house of ransom

bar (“house”) + en (gen. article) + #dan (“back”) +#gwedh (“bond”) #We would expect it to be Bar-e-Ndanwedh, but this could be a dialectal variant of the name

Cabed-en-Aras

noun. the deer’s leap

cabed (ger. of cab- “leap”) + en (gen. article) + aras (“deer”)

Cirith Forn en Andrat

noun. nothern high-climbing pass

cirith (“pass, cleft”), forn (“north”), en (gen. article), and (“long”) + rath (#“climbing passage”)

Haudh-en-Arwen

noun. the Ladybarrow

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + ar(a) (“high, noble, royal”) + gwend (“maiden, woman”)

Haudh-en-Nirnaeth

noun. mound of (bitter) tears

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”) + en (genitive article) + nîr (“tear”) + naeth (“woe”)

Taur-en-Faroth

noun. forest of a hunter, hunters

taur (“great wood, forest”) + en (pl. gen. article) + faroth (hunter, hunters ? [His.]) #The last element in Faroth could be suffix (-h)oth also found in Lossoth, Esgaroth and Lammoth.

bar-en-nibin-noeg

place name. House of the Petty Dwarves

The original name of the house of Mîm, translated “House of the Petty Dwarves” (UT/100). The initial element of the name is bâr “house” followed by en “of” and the plural Nibin-noeg of the name Niben-nog “Petty Dwarf”.

dor-en-ernil

place name. Land of the Prince

The Gondorian province ruled by the Prince of Dol Amroth, translated “Land of the Prince” (UT/245), a combination dôr “land”, en “of the” and ernil “prince”.

-ien

suffix. used in patronimics

_ fem. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -en, -ion, -on

i·mair en Nengin

place name. 'the houses of the Slain'

topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mbair en Nengin

i·mbair en Ndengin

place name. 'the houses of the Slain'

topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mair en Nengin, i·mbair en Nengin

i·mbair en Nengin

place name. 'the houses of the Slain'

topon. 'the houses of the Slain'. >> i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mair en Nengin

tafnen

adjective. closed, blocked, stopped

Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui

-en

suffix. my

_1st sg. poss. suff. my.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -nin_. >> lammen, -nin

-en

suffix. used in patronimics

_ fem. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -ien, -ion, -on

elen

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl

sen

adjective. this

This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

uidafnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

-en

suffix. adjective suffix

-en

suffix. my, 1st sg. poss. suffix

alae! ered en echoriath, ered e·mbar nín

[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!

daur a berhael, conin en annûn

Frodo and Sam, princes of the west

i mbair en ndengin

the houses of the Slain

o galadhremmin ennorath

from tree-tangled middle-lands

sen

pronoun. this

sí il chem en i naugrim en ir ellath thor den ammen

*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us

-ren

suffix. adjective suffix

@@@ perhaps a later, S-only, innovation

anglenna-

verb. to approach

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

hollen

noun. closed

elen Archaic

noun. star

hen

pronoun. this

pl1. hin _ dem. pron. _this.

leben

cardinal. five

sen

pronoun. this

pl1. sín {ī}_ dem. pron. _this.

en

adverb. then, [G.] that past, that by you, that already mentioned (by you)

en

of the

e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

en

of the

en-, e- (sg. genitival article): interjection

en

of the

en-, e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

en

of the

e- (sg. genitival article)

eneph

cardinal. sixteen

enem

cardinal. sixteen

enecthui

sixth

also ✱engui (the latter is David Salo’s suggested normalized form of a word that actually appears as enchui in the source, but the longer form enecthui can be used to avoid the problem) (VT42:25).

enedh

middle

enedh (core, center), pl. enidh

enedh

middle

(core, center), pl. enidh

eneg

cardinal. six

eneg;

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ennas

there

ennas (SD:128-31)

eneg

six

;

ennas

there

(SD:128-31)

glornan

place name. Valley of Gold(en Light)

Sindarin equivalent of the original Nandorin name of Lórien: Lórinand (UT/253), a combination of glaur “gold” and nan(d) “valley”.

nan laur

place name. Valley of Gold(en Light)

Sindarin equivalent of the original Nandorin name of Lórien: Lórinand (UT/253), a combination of nan(d) “valley” and the lenited form of glaur “gold”.

Dor-en-Ernil

Dor-en-Ernil

Dor-en-Ernil consists of the Sindarin words dor "land" + en "of" + ernil "prince".

Haudh-en-Arwen

Haudh-en-Arwen

The Sindarin term Haudh-en-Arwen can roughly be translated as "Ladybarrow". The actual translation would be "Mound of the Noble Maiden". The element Arwen had no direct connection with Arwen Evenstar, who lived millennia after Haleth's time, but it does give an insight into the origin of her name. Sindarin arwen means literally "high maiden", and is translated here as the "lady" in 'Ladybarrow'. Tûr Haretha is the Mannish name of "The Ladybarrow".

Haudh-en-Elleth

Haudh-en-Elleth

Haudh-en-Elleth is a Sindarin name glossed as "Mound of the Elf-maid" or "mound (grave) of the Noldorin maid".

paeneg

cardinal. sixteen

A neologism for “sixteen” proposed by Elaran posted to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2018-01-16; see also ᴺS. paenel “thirteen”. He proposed an alternate form eneph and Fiona Jallings proposed enem, both more direct cognates to Q. enenquë. I prefer paeneder since I feel it is easier to recognize.

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

anwen

noun. approach, avenue

anglenna

approach

(vb.) anglenna- (i anglenna, in anglennar) (SD:128-31)

anglenna

approach

(i anglenna, in anglennar) (SD:128-31)

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

hollen

closed

(passive participle) hollen; see CLOSE.

leben

cardinal. five

leben;

sen

this

*sen, lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin* (unlenited sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin**, ”these letters”).

sen

this

lenited hen. Only attested in lenited pl. form hin (unlenited ✱sin) ”these” in the Moria Gate inscription (i thiw hin, ”these letters”).

tafnen

closed

(adj.) #tafnen (stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin (WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography);

tafnen

closed

(stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin *(WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography)*;

teilien

play

(noun) teilien (i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).

teilien

play

(i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).

uidafnen

ever-closed

(WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin****

eden

begun again

(new), pl. edin

leben

five

;

gond

noun. stone, rock, stone (general as a substance or material), rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone

The basic word for “stone” or “rock” in Sindarin (PE17/28-29; WJ/201). More specifically, it was “stone as a material” (PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to an individual stone, which was gôn (PE17/28; PE23/139) or sarn (RC/327; VT42/11). Longer gond was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Quenya cognate Q. ondo (Ety/GOND). In a discussion of plurals from the late 1960s, Tolkien revised gond to gôn, and plural i·ñ(g)uind to i·ñ(g)uin (PE23/139), however I do not believe Tolkien was rejecting gond as word, but instead realized it was a mass noun that would not have a plural. He then replaced it with gôn which could be used or individual stones and thus had a plural for “stones”.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41). It was probably a derivative of ᴱ√ONO “hard” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from which its Qenya cognate ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” was derived (QL/70). The early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial *ʒ* vanishing in Qenya but becoming *g* in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as N. gonn “stone (as a material)” with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien gave this word as both gonn and gond, but in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), most Neo-Sindarin writers use gond.

parth

noun. field, lawn, sward, garden, enclosed grassland

An element in the names S. Parth Celebrant “Field of Celebrant” and S. Parth Galen “Green Sward”, variously translated “field, enclosed grassland” (UT/260), “sward” = “✱field of short grass” (RC/349), “small enclosed field, lawn” (PE23/139), or “garden” (PE23/141). Its etymology is unclear: it might be a derivative of √PAR “arrange”. It may also be a later iteration of N. pathw “level place, sward” < ᴹ√PATH, and is perhaps derived from ✱path-re with metathesis to parth(e).

-eth

suffix. feminine ending

him

adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding

emig

noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

ernil

noun. prince

A noun for “prince” appearing in phrases like Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” (LotR/768) and Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” (UT/245). Its initial element is likely a reduced form of aran “king, noble person”; compare to ar(a)- “noble” of similar origin. If so, the a became e due to *i*-affection. The final -il is harder to explain, because normally -il is a feminine suffix. Perhaps it is a reduction of hîl “heir”, so that the literal meaning is “✱king’s heir, royal heir”.

Conceptual Development: N. ernil also appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/287).

-ian(d)

suffix. -land, country

A suffix meaning “-land” or “country” appearing often in the names of regions and countries along with its plural variant -ien(d) “-lands”, mentioned in a number of places in Tolkien’s later writings (Let/383; UT/318). In notes from the late 1950s Tolkien derived it from primitive ✶yandē “a wide region or country” from the root √YAN “wide”, which replaced another root √YON of similar meaning (PE17/42-43). In notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s, Tolkien connected it instead to an apparent adjective S. iand “wide”, still derived from √YAN (PE17/115).

Conceptual Development: This suffix seems to have first appeared in ᴱN. Broseliand in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s, precursor to the name S. Beleriand and almost certainly inspired by the legendary medieval French forest Brocéliande. Tolkien used this suffix widely in names starting with Lord of the Rings drafts, but it seems he did not develop a clear etymology for the suffix until quite late. Tolkien himself mentioned the connection between this suffix and the French name Brocéliande in a 1967 letter (Let/383). It is thus an interesting case study in how Tolkien would gradually integrate elements inspired by real-world languages into his Elvish corpus.

las(s)

noun. leaf, leaf; [G.] petal

The basic Sindarin word for “leaf”, derived from the root √LAS (PE17/62, 153; PE22/166). It appeared as both lass and las, but I believe the latter is the suffixal form, the result of the Sindarin sound change whereby final *ss* shortened in polysyllables (LotR/1115). Its plural form was lais, which is of interest because normally consonant clusters prevent i-intrusion]]; compare nern and resg the plurals of narn and rasg. I am of the opinion that the ss was a particular “weak” cluster and allowed intrusion anyway; see the entry on Sindarin plural nouns for further discussion.

Conceptual Development: G. lass “a leaf” appeared all the way back in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there Tolkien said it was sometimes used for “petal” = G. tethlas (GL/52). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it became ᴱN. lhas “leaf” (PE13/148) and N. lhass “leaf” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶lassē under the root ᴹ√LAS (Ety/LAS¹). These 1920s-30s forms were due to the Noldorin sound change whereby initial *l* was unvoiced to *lh*. Tolkien abandoned this sound change in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, so that lass “leaf” was restored.

neldor

noun. beech

A Sindarin word for “beech” appearing in the names Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” (LotR/469; RC/384) and Neldoreth, the name of a forest with beeches (S/55; PE17/81).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Ilk. neldor was an Ilkorin word based on ᴹ√NÉL-ED “three”, which Tolkien said was “properly name of Hirilorn the great beech of Thingol with three trunks = neld-orn ? [question mark from Tolkien]” (Ety/NEL). In the 1910s and 20s, ᴱQ. neldor “beech” was an Early Qenya word (PE16/139; QL/65), and its cognates in this period were G. deldron “beech” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), G. deil(i)an or delwen “beech” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {de(i)lian >>} deilian “beech-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/142).

Possible Etymology: The Ilkorin derivation from √NELED is no longer suitable in Sindarin, since we would expect [[s|[d] > [ð]]] as in S. neledh “three”. It is possible Tolkien simply never reexamined the etymology of this word after it became Sindarin. Alternately, it could be nel- “tri-” + taur “forest” or -dor “-lord” or something similar.

-ion

suffix. used in patronimics

_ masc. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -en, -ien, -on

tass

1,D adverb. then, there

A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

iaur

ancient

iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

êl Archaic

noun. star

A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).

emel

noun. mother

A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial *m* did not become *v*, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).

Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the *a* became *e* via *i*-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.

Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

gil

noun. star, bright spark

In The Etymologies (Ety/358, corrected by VT/45:15), this word was given as geil , plural gîl. However, later in LotR/E and RGEO/73, Tolkien seems to consider gil as a singular (with no hints in the sources of what the plural would be, besides the collective plural giliath )

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

las

leaf

pl1. lais** **_ n. _leaf. Only applied to certain kinds of leaves, esp. those of trees, and would not e.g. be used of leaf of hyacinth. It is thus possibly related to LAS 'listen', and S-LAS stem of Elvish words for 'ear'. Q. lasse, pl1. lassi.

lass

leaf

_n. _leaf. >> athelas, las

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

nín

adjective. my

The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44

êl

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen

conin

prince

(i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated &quot;princes&quot; (Conin en Annûn = &quot;princes of the west&quot;, Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see

ernil

prince

1. ernil (no distinct pl. form), 2) †cund (i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24). 3) The plural form conin (i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see SHOUT, VALOUR)

nín

my

nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).

nín

my

(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).

alae

interjection. ?

nín

pronoun. my

adbannad(a)-

verb. to refill

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2021 specifically for Eldamo, a combination of ad- “re-” and [N.] pannad(a)- “fill”. Ryszard Derdzinski instead proposed ᴺS. adbanna- in PPW (PPW) from the early 2000s, but it was based on an incorrect form of the verb “fill”, since the notion of Sindarin/Noldorin half-strong verbs was poorly understood at that time.

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means &quot;wolf-howl&quot;, but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

emig

little mother

(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

fêr

beech

†fêr (stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);

fêr

beech

(stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

gilion

of stars

(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

gîl

star

gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

gîl

star

(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hûn

heart

1. (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

i

the

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see

naneth

mother

naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

naneth

mother

(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

neldor

beech tree

(pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

o

from

(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)

pathra

fill

pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

pathra

fill

(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

ui

ever

ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

ever

(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

-eb

suffix. adjective suffix

-i

suffix. adjectival suffix

-iel

suffix. adjective suffix

san

pronoun. that

ui

adverb. ever

adbanna-

verb. to refill

ess

noun. name

sa

pronoun. that

ui-

prefix. ever

-in

suffix. adjective suffix

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

brethil

noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch

calad

gerund noun. light

caun

noun. prince, ruler

caun

prince

pl1. cónin {ō} n. prince, chief, head.

cund

noun. prince

el

star

n. star.

emel

noun. mother

emig

noun. "litte mother"

emmel

noun. mother

ernil

noun. prince

esta-

verb. to name

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

gil-

noun. star

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

gill

noun. star

gond

noun. great stone, rock

gonn

noun. stone, rock

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

iaur

adjective. older, former

ingildon

place name. ?

las

noun. leaf

lass

noun. leaf

nan

preposition. of

panna-

verb. to fill

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

uin

preposition. of the

êl

noun. star (little used except in verses)

ad

re

also meaning &quot;back, again, second&quot;

ad

again

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

again

also meaning &quot;back, second, re-&quot;, e.g. aderthad &quot;reunion&quot;.

ad

re-

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, again, second"

an

to the, for the

(for) + i (the).

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

cund

prince

(i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24).

elo!

wonder, interjection of

is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.**

ernil

prince

(no distinct pl. form)

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

golas

collection of leaves

(i ’olas) (foliage), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. golassath. Archaic pl. göleis. ”

gond

stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. g&#375;n, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

lasbelin

leaf-withering

(no distinct pl. form).

lass

leaf

lass (pl. #lais). (Letters:282, PM:135).

lass

leaf

(pl. #lais). (Letters:282, PM:135).

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

n

that

added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”.  This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

paur

tightly closed hand

(i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (fist), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath.

sarn

stone

1. (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

se

pronoun. this

taw

pronoun. that

teilia

play

(verb) teilia- (i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)

teilia

play

(i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)

uin

from the, of the

.