bo-dhrauthodavros

proper name. bo-Dhrauthodavros

bodruith

masculine name. Bodruith

bothli

noun. oven

A noun appearing as G. bothli “oven” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶mᵇāsḷ (GL/23) and thus based on the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/63).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √MBAS “bake” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain this word but adapt it as ᴺS. bothol “oven” to better fit later Sindarin phonology: [mbāslǝ] > [mbǭsḷ] > [mbauθḷ] > [boθol]. Here final syllabic ḷ became -ol, as in tachol < ✶tankl(a) (PE18/100).

botheb-

verb. to untie, undo, unloose

A verb appearing as G. botheb- “undo, untie, unloose” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. bod- “back” (also = “un-”) and G. heb- “bind” (GL/23).

Neo-Sindarin: Neither the prefix or the sense of the verb survived in Tolkien’s later writings, so I would using the neologism ᴺS. dannod- “to untie, undo, unloose” instead, a reversed form of the later verb [N.] nod- “to tie”.

bo(n)

noun. son

bo-

prefix. son of

bod-

prefix. back, again; un- (= backwards)

bodruith

noun. revenge

bod

adverb. behind, back, of time ago, ‘a while back’

bodra-

verb. to hinder, delay, tarry

bodron

adverb. behind, further back

bont

adverb. back(wards)

born

noun. age, great period

bodruithog

adjective. thirsting for vengeance (for a particular act)

bodruithol

adjective. vengeful (by nature)

bodra

adjective. back(ward), hinder, rear

bod’ominthadriel

*coming together again, reunion

bon-

prefix. son of

bordd

noun. fireplace

hebon

adjective. bound; (also) bounded, surrounded

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

baul

noun. body, trunk

The word G. baul “body, trunk” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate of ᴱQ. pulka (GL/22), while ᴱQ. pulko “body, trunk, bole of tree” appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PULU “swell” (QL/75).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. polch for closer alignment with its (Neo) Quenya form. When applied to humans I would use it more with the sense “✱torso” (the main portion of the body) as opposed to the entire body, which would be S. rhond.

fion

noun. bowl, goblet

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for a “bowl” or “goblet” of unclear derivation, an element in G. Fionaur “Goblet Smith”, an early version of the name Fëanor (GL/35).

gund

noun. boil, pus

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon with variants G. gund, hunn and glosses “a boil, pus”, derived from the early root ᴱ√gudh having to do with heat and burning (GL/42).

Neo-Sindarin: Since it seems ᴱ√gudh >> √UR “heat, be hot”, I’d update this word to ᴺS. ordh “boil, pus” < ✱urdā = “(orig.) the product of burning”.

hûn

noun. bone

A noun for “bone” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, used “especially of men and eldar” (GL/49), as opposed to G. asg “bone” used mostly of animals.

naud

adjective. bowed, bent; ashamed, abashed, bashful

An adjective in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bowed, bent” and also meaning “ashamed, abashed, bashful” (GL/59). It might be based on G. nud- “incline head, bend face down”.

saib

noun. boot

A noun appearing as G. saib “boot” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√SAYAP (GL/66). In early editions of the Gnomish Lexicon as published, the gloss was incorrectly given as “boat”, but errata confirmed the proper gloss was “boot” (PEE for issue 11). As such, this word is clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. saipo “boot” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/82).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. saeb “boot” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s. I would assume it was derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√S(A)YAP; see ᴹ√SKYAP for a discussion of this Neo-Root.

salf

noun. bowl, basin

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {salpa >> salp >>} salf “bowl, basin” (GL/66), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ which also had ᴱQ. salpa “bowl” (QL/84).

Neo-Quenya: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. salff “broth” under the root ᴹ√SALAP (Ety/SÁLAP). To avoid a conflict, I would coin a neologism ᴺS. tolph “bowl, basin” based on ᴱQ. tolpo of the same meaning from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142).

cwim(ri)

noun. body, flesh

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as cwim² “body, flesh” underneath G. cwim “awake, alert, alive”, with both apparently being derived from the early root ᴱ√QIV (GL/28); if so the sense “body” probably represent some amount of semantic drift, since the corresponding Qenya forms primarily had the sense “awake” (GL/29). The form cwim² had a variant cwimbri in which the b was deleted, though the editors said it was also possibly that cwimbri >> cwimru.

gwelaith

noun. boil, bubble

A noun appearing as G. gwelaith or gweleth in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “(a) boil, a bubble”, a noun form of G. gwel- “to boil, bubble” (GL/44).

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. gwel- “to boil, bubble” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would retain ᴺS. gweleth “boil, bubble” as well.

huniol

adjective. bony, rawboned

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bony, rawboned”, an adjectival form of G. hûn “bone” (GL/49).

nogin

noun. boy, lad, urchin

A noun appearing as G. nogin “boy, lad, urchin” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61); its derivation is unclear since no nearby words seem to be related, but it could be a variation on G. naug “a dwarf” (GL/59).

Neo-Sindarin: I think this word may be salvageable as Neo-Sindarin ᴺS. nogen, reinterpretted as a derivative of the root √NUK “stunted”, originally an adjective ✱nukina used to refer to short persons or children in a less-than-flattering way. Given its glosses, I would use this word mainly for a mischievous or irritating male child; for a more ordinary word for “boy”, I’d instead use S. ion(n).

ôs

noun. bog

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bog” of unclear etymology (GL/63).

asg

noun. bone; stone of fruit

cortheb

noun. bounds, boundary

cwing

noun. bow

cû

noun. bow, crescent; the waxing or waning moon

fedhin

noun/adjective. bound by agreement; ally, friend

gontha

noun. boy

nuin

adjective. born

hebrim

noun. bound(ary)

asc

noun. bone; stone of fruit

athwi

adjective. both

branc

noun. bow (for shooting)

brant

noun. bow (for shooting)

branta

noun. bow (for shooting)

cunwed

adjective. bowed, bent, concave

cuvon

adjective. bowed, bent, concave

cûn

adjective. bowed, bent, concave

faroth

noun. boundary

gontha li dessa

boy and girl

gweleth

noun. boil, bubble

hunn

noun. boil, pus

quing

noun. bow

tast

noun. border, fringe

uith

adjective. both

gwel-

verb. to boil; to bubble (intr.)

A verb appearing as G. gwel- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “boil” and “bubble (intr.)” (GL/44). It is clearly based on the early root {ᴱ√WELE >>} ᴱ√GWELE from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/103).

Neo-Sindarin: Since we have no better “boil” words, I retain ᴺS. gwel- “to boil, bubble” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, but assume it is derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√WEL so that it retains the same form.

cam(m)a-

verb. to stoop, bend, bow, cower; to submit

A verb appearing as {camba- >>} G. cam(m)a- in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL) of the 1910s with glosses “stoop, bend, bow, cower - submit” (GL/25), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/45). Beneath it was a deleted verb {G. cav-} “to bend”. This deleted verb reappeared later in GL, with the glosses “to bend, make stoop” and its second appearance was also deleted (GL/25). Beneath its second deletion was a verb G. cavra- that Tolkien said was equivalent to camba-; an earlier entry for cavra- was glossed “stoop, cower”, but the glossed entry for cavra- was deleted.

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings the roots √KAW and √KAM had different meanings, so I don’t think any of these early verbs can be salvaged. I would instead use the neologism ᴺS. logra- “to stoop, bow, cower; to submit” based on the later root √LOK “bend”, a neologism I coined in 2018.

hemp

noun. a band, bond; cord

A noun appearing as G. hemp “a band, bond - cord” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. heb- “bind” (GL/48), from the early root ᴱ√HEPE of similar meaning (QL/40).

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings √KHEP meant “keep”, but I think it could still be the basis for this word. I would use ᴺS. hemp for “band, bond” as metal, leather or cloth strip holding something, but for “cord” I would instead use [N.] nordh.

ôl

noun. forearm; bough

A noun meaning both “forearm” and “bough” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/62), related to G. alos “forest” and hence likely derived from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (GL/19; QL/29). The long ô was likely the result of the Gnomish sound change whereby long [[g|[ā] became [ō]]] (GG/14). According to the editors ôl had another gloss “knee” that was deleted.

cam

adjective. bent, bowed; submissive, humble

colc

noun. chest, box

fant

adjective. crooked, bent, bowed

pand

noun. bark; book

pant

noun. arrangement, grouping; book

raim

noun. edge, border-line

rib

noun. shore; stripe, line; border, fringe

rim

noun. stripe, line; border, fringe

drogod

noun. slavery, bondage, thraldom

farn

noun. mark, boundary; shore

fod

noun. end, butt, bottom

hôm

noun. ground, base, bottom, seabed

pant palthaion

*book, (lit.) arrangement of pages

pant taithron

*book, (lit.) arrangement of letters

thrad

noun. a plank, board, shelf

past

noun. skin

A word for “skin” appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s under G. path “peel, skin, bark” with pl. padhin (GL/63), hence probably related to ᴱQ. parma “skin, bark; parchment; book” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√PARA [✱PAÐA] (QL/72).

rimion

masculine name. son of Rimion

go-

prefix. son of

aithrog

noun. warrior

aithweg

noun. warrior

atha

cardinal. two

bóra

adverb. always, ever, continuously

caum

noun. knob

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “knob” given under the base kava- (GL/25), which is probably the same as the root ᴱ√KAẆA “stoop” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (QL/45).

clann

noun. branch

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

clochiol

adjective. stone

An adjective for “stone” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as an element in G. gôf·clochiol “stone-fruit” (GL/40), derived from G. cloch “a stone” (GL/26).

faig

adjective. cruel

gersauth

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gersauth and gersoth, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. sauth “hole” (GL/38).

glindwil

noun. swallow

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for the bird “swallow” with variants glindwil and lindwil, a combination of G. glin “sound” and the suffixal form -wil of G. bil bird (GL/39, 54).

gwegla

adjective. crooked

lunta

noun. ship

tâl

noun. foot

bôr

noun. descendant

duilin

masculine name. Swallow

amlad

noun. surface

amoth

noun. breast

arn

noun. son

bab-

verb. to drink, quaff

A verb for “drink, quaff” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/21), perhaps from an early root ✱ᴱ√BAPA.

bag-

verb. to sell, trade

bas-

verb. to bake

A verb appearing as G. bas- “bake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/22), based on the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/59).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would update this verb to ᴺS. basta- “to bake” for better compatibility with the later Quenya verb [ᴹQ.] masta-. I first saw this neologism suggested by Fiona Jallings (FJNS/339).

baur

noun. house

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

brog

noun. horse

craig

adjective. crooked

crictha-

verb. to bend

drauthodavros

masculine name. Weary Forest

driog

adjective. valiant

duil

noun. swallow

duilin(g)

noun. swallow

duilinc

noun. swallow

dâf

noun. bark

dôn

?. [unglossed]

eilian

noun. branch

eilin

noun. pool

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

gerd(h)olm

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gerdolm and gerdholm, a combination of G. ger “ore” and G. dolm “pit” (GL/38).

gersoth

noun. mine

gon-

prefix. son of

gond

noun. stone

gothweg

noun. warrior

grûda

noun. cave

hadruith

noun. revenge

mair

noun. horse

An (archaic) word for “horse” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as {mairog >>} mair, cognate to ᴱQ. mairo (GL/56), which appeared as ᴱQ. mairu in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAẎA (QL/60).

man

masculine name. Man

nîn

noun. pool

An archaic noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pool” (GL/60), almost certainly derived from the early root ᴱ√NENE (QL/65).

pad

noun. [unglossed]

padhwen

noun. bark

A noun for “bark” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/63), apparently based on the early root ᴱ√PARA [PAÐA?] which might mean “peel” (QL/72).

praust

noun. [unglossed]

pridwen

noun. judgment

prog

noun. [unglossed]

pui

noun. child

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “child” (GL/64), probably derived from the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rô

noun. [unglossed]

sair

adjective. hot

samri

noun. arrangement

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

sog-

verb. to drink

telu

noun. end

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thug

noun. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

ûthi

noun. outside

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]