Sindarin 

caras

noun. city, fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks, circular earthwall with dike, city, [N.] city (built above ground); [S.] (orig.) fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks, circular earthwall with dike

An element in the name Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” (LotR/353, 355), adapted from Silvan Elvish: Caras Galadon (PE17/60). Tolkien said the proper meaning of this word was “a built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulwarks” (PE17/84) or a “circular earthwall with dike” (RC/311), derived from the root √CAR “make, build” (PE17/84). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. caras was glossed “a city (built above ground)” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, do” (Ety/KAR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word principally in the sense “city”, and would assume its meaning “earthwall, bulwark” was archaic.

Sindarin [PE17/060; PE17/084; RC/311] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caras

noun. built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks

_ n. _built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks. Q. carasse. >> Caras Galadon

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:51:84] < CAR make, build. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caras

noun. circular earthwall with dike

Sindarin [Ety/362, LotR/II:VII, RC/311] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caras

noun. city (built above ground)

Sindarin [Ety/362, LotR/II:VII, RC/311] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caras galadhon

place name. City of the Trees

Name of the city of Lórien (LotR/355), translated “City of the Trees” (LotR/353). This name is an adaptation of Nan. Caras Galadon of the same meaning (LotR/1127), replacing Nan. galad “tree” with S. galadh. In pure Sindarin, it would S. Caras i-Ngelaidh (PE17/60). Its initial element is S. (or Nan.) caras “moated fort” and its final element has the Nandorin genitive plural suffix -on.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s and in the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings, this name appeared as N. Caras Galadon (TI/245, RC/311). In between the 1st and 2nd editions, Tolkien became disatisified with this name, which was clearly different from S. galadh “tree”. In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien considered changing the meaning of this name so that it, like Galadriel had nothing to do with trees (PE17/84). Ultimately, though, he decided that the form Caras Galadon was Nandorin (PE17/60), and changed the name to its Sindarized form in the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings.

Sindarin [Let/426; LotR/1127; LotRI/Caras Galadhon; LotRI/City of the Galadrim; NM/351; PE17/084; RC/311; SA/alda; UT/267; UTI/Caras Galadhon] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caras i-ngelaidh

place name. City of the Trees

The pure Sindarin form of Caras Galadhon, appearing in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/60). In these notes, it appears as Caras (i)Ngelelaið, but Christopher Gilson suggested the final word was probably a slip for Ngelaið, which would be the ordinary nasal mutation of the plural of galadh “tree”. Its initial element is S. (or Nan.) caras, and the i is the elided form of the plural definite article in, whose elision causes the nasal mutation of the final word.

Sindarin [PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Caras (i)Ngelelaidh

pure S

{ð} topon. pure S. form of Caras Galadon (used by the Silvan Elves of Lórien). >> Caras Galadon

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:60] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

Caras Galadhon

noun. fortress of the trees

caras (#Nan. “moated fortress”), galadh (“tree”) + #on (#could be Nan. genitive suffix [HKF])

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Caras Galadon

place name. not actually related to trees

_ topon. _not actually related to trees. >> carac, galad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:59:84] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caras

caras

It comes from PQ *karasse, Root KAR

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

car

build

car- (i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, do) (WJ:415)

car

build

(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (make, do) (WJ:415)

caranthir

masculine name. Red-face

Fourth son of Fëanor, called “the Dark” (S/60). His name is a combination of caran “red” and thîr “face” (VT41/10), an adaptation of his mother name Q. Carnistir “Red-face” (PM/353).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was ᴱN. Cranthor (LT2/241). Tolkien change his name to Cranthir in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80) and this was also his name in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/223). N. Cranthir appeared in The Etymologies with the translation “Ruddy-face” (Ety/KARÁN, THĒ), already with essentially the same etymology as its final version.

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien vacillated between Cranthir and Caranthir, ultimately settling on the latter (WJ/115).

Sindarin [MR/128; MRI/Caranthir; PM/353; PMI/Caranthir; SA/caran; SI/Caranthir; SMI/Caranthir; SMI/Cranthir; VT41/10; WJ/115; WJI/Caranthir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cared

making

#cared (i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).

cared

making

(i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).**