if from þindā, why no a-affection? @@@
Sindarin
inib
cardinal. twelve
innas
noun. will
inu
adjective. female
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
linna-
verb. to sing
aerlinn
noun. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song)
linna-
verb. sing
linnathon
verb. I will sing, I will chant
linnon
verb. I sing
thind
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey, grey, [N.] pale
thurin
masculine name. Secret
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
thin
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey
thinn
adjective. grey
thinn
adjective. grey
_adj. _grey. Q. sinde.
gleina-
verb. to bound, enclose, limit
This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13
dring
noun. hammer, hammer, *beater
mein
ordinal. first
minui
ordinal. first
dring
noun. hammer
duinen
noun. flood, high tide
idhrinn
noun. year
lain
adjective. free, freed
lind
noun. air, tune
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
minui
ordinal. first
ninglor
noun. golden water-flower, gladden
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
penninor
noun. last day of the year
thind
adjective. grey, pale
thinn
adjective. grey
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
ind
inner thought
ind (mind, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath
ind
inner thought
ind (mind, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ingem
suffering from old age
(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
inc
idea
1) inc (guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath; 2) naw (pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was nui. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath.
inc
idea
(guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath
inc
notion
inc (guess, idea), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)
inc
notion
(guess, idea), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)
inc
guess
(noun) inc (idea, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)
inc
guess
(idea, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite)****
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
innas
will
(noun) innas, pl. innais (VT44:23)
innas
will
pl. innais (VT44:23)
inu
female
inu (analogical pl. iny)
inu
female
(analogical pl. iny)**
inu
noun/adjective. female
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
hoth
noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
êl
noun. star (little used except in verses)
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
linna
sing
(i linna, i linnar) (chant)
tinna
glint
(vb.) *tinna- (cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive tinno) (i dinna, i thinnar). Noun
tinna
glint
(cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive tinno) (i dinna, i thinnar). Noun
bar
noun. inhabited land
dring
hammer
(i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
glinga
hang
*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
glinga
hang
(i ’linga, in glingar) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
glinga
dangle
*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (hang). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
glinga
dangle
(i ’linga, in glingar) (hang). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)
gwing
foam
(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
idhrinn
year
(no distinct pl. form).
main
chief
(adj.) main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
main
chief
(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
rain
free
rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)
thind
grey
(pale); no distinct pl. form.
thinnas
shortness
(also used for a “breve”, a mark indicating that a vowel is short). Verb
thurin
secret
(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;
thurin
secret
(hidden); no distinct pl. form
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
uin
from the, of the
.
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
criss
noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine
A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.
N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).
Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
honeg
noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
loth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
aeg
adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing
cant
noun. shape, shape; [N.] outline
ardhon
noun. great region, province
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
bar
noun. dwelling, home
cirith
noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile
elanor
noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers
elloth
noun. (single) flower
falch
noun. deep cleft, ravine
galad
noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)
gardh
noun. bounded or defined region
glân
noun. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things)
groth
noun. delving, underground dwelling
gwanu
noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)
gwath
noun. stain
gûl
noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
lebent
noun. ring finger
leber
noun. finger
lebig
noun. little finger
leithian
noun. release, freeing, release from bondage
lotheg
noun. (single) flower
megor
adjective. sharp-pointed
naegra-
verb. to pain
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
nidh-
verb. will, mean to, have a mind to
niged
noun. little finger
niphredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
tírad
gerund noun. to see, for the seing
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
vi
in
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
vi
in
(VT44:23), with article vin
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
othronn
fortress in a cave/caves
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).
bess
noun. wife, wife; [N.] woman
A word for “wife” appearing in the King’s Letter written towards the end of the 1940s (SD/129).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. bess “wife” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Beđ (GL/22). In Early Noldorin Word-lists, Tolkien changed ᴱN. {bess >>} gweth “wife” based on the modified root ᴱ√wed- (PE13/139, 146); it also had a negated form ᴱN. urweth “without wife” (PE13/156). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien restored N. bess, now a derivative of the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES). However in that document the sense “†wife” was archaic, and it has come to mean “woman” in modern speech, replacing archaic N. †dî “woman” (Ety/BES, NDIS, NĪ¹). In the scenario of The Etymologies, the normal word for “wife” was herves (Ety/BES, KHER). However, in the late-1940s King’s Letter, it seems the sense “wife” was restored to bess.
At some point in the mid-to-late 1960s, Tolkien changed the root for marriage words from ᴹ√BES to √BER (VT49/45), apparently motivated by a need to deal with some etymological problems with the name S. Elbereth. Indeed, in The Road Goes Ever On from 1967, Tolkien said S. bereth meant “spouse”, also “used of one who is queen as spouse of a king” (RGEO/66). This calls into question the continued validity of bess from ᴹ√BES.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to retain the root ᴹ√BES for marriage word; see that entry for further details. I’d therefore keep bess, but I recommend using it only in the sense “wife”. For “woman” I’d use dî, much as I recommend using S. dîr for “man” over N. benn, which had similar conceptual developments.
draug
noun. wolf
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
fuir
adjective. north
@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.
glae
noun. grass
A word for “grass” reported by Lisa Star from notes associated with The Lord of the Rings appendices, in unpublished material from the Marquette collection (TT17/33). It may be derived from an elaboration of the root √LAY which had other-plant related derivatives.
gurth
noun. death
The usual Sindarin word for “death”, derived from the root √ÑGUR of similar meaning (UT/39; Ety/ÑGUR).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/43), anchored by well established names like Gurthang or Gurtholf(in), the name of Túrin’s sword. Tolkien experimented with various alternate forms over the years, such as G. urthu (GG/14), G. gurthu (GL/43), ᴱN. gurdh (PE13/146) and N. guruth (Ety/ÑGUR), but kept coming back to gurth as the basic form.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for death in general and especially violent death, as opposed to the more euphemistic [N.] gwanath or gwanu “death”, more literally “departure”.
guru
noun. death, death (abstract)
A Sindarin word for “death” derived from primitive ✶ñgurū (PE17/87), unusual in that its primitive ancient vowel u did not vanish. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had variant forms [N.] gûr and gurw “death” marked with a “?”, both derived from Old Noldorin nguru and indicating some uncertainty on the exact phonetic developments (EtyAC/ÑGUR). Elsewhere in The Etymologies Tolkien said that [N.] guru was “Death as state or abstract”, as opposed to [N.] gwanw or gwanath for the “act of dying” (Ety/GWAN).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume guru was for death as an abstraction or principle, and for the death of individuals I would use either gurth or gwanu/gwanath; see those entries for discussion.
hanar
noun. brother
A word for “brother” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √KHAN of the same meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †hawn (VT47/14). Remnants of this archaic form can be seem in the diminutive/affectionate form honeg “[little] brother” (VT48/6); Tolkien considered and apparently rejected alternates of the diminutive: honig and hanig (VT47/14; VT48/17).
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. tôr “brother” from the root ᴹ√TOR (Ety/TOR), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethos “brother” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48-49; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.
êl
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
în
noun. year
A Sindarin word for “year”, derived from the primitive root ᴹ√YEN of similar meaning, with its vowel sound the result of [[s|a long [ē] becoming [ī]]].
Conceptual Development: The word în first appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the gloss and derivation given above. It did not directly appear in Tolkien’s later writings, but was an element in several later words such as S. ínias “annals” and S. iphant “aged” (lit. “year full”). Furthermore, its Quenya cognate yén did reappear in the Lord of the Rings appendices.
In The Etymologies, both N. în and ᴹQ. yén were glossed “year”, and there were other words for longer periods of time, such as ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” and N. anrand “cycle, age”. In the Lord of the Rings and other later writings, Tolkien changed the meaning Q. yén to an “Elvish century” of 144 years. It is quite likely that S. în also changed to this meaning, but since it did not appear as an independent word in later writing, we have no direct confirmation of this.
Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers continue to use în with the sense “year” (that is, a solar year of 365 days). If you are concerned with this word’s true meaning, you might instead use a neologism for this period of time, such as ᴺS. lóran or ᴺS. coranor, but since these are not in widespread use, it is less likely a reader would understand your meaning.
-en
suffix. my
fân
shape
_n._shape, with the added notion of light and whiteness. It was thus often used where we might use 'a vision' (of something beautiful and sublime). Q. fana-. Tolkien notes that "Yet being elvish, though it may be used of things remote, it has no implication either of uncertainty or unreality" (PE17:26). In the name Fanuilos of Elbereth, the Fân was the vision of majesty of Elbereth upon the mountain where she dwelt.
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
i
the
pl1. in _ art. _the.
laeb
adjective. green
_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
estent
adjective. (very?) short
The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122
gil
noun. star, bright spark
honeg
noun. "litte brother"
Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
hand
intelligent
hand (lenited chand, pl. haind)
hand
intelligent
(lenited chand, pl. haind)
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
hand
adjective. intelligent
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
glir
sing
1) glir- (i **lîr, in glirir) (recite poem), 2) linna- (i linna, i linnar**) (chant)
glir
sing
(i ’lîr, in glirir) (recite poem)
grôd
underground dwelling
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
gwachaedir
seeing stone
(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
gwedh
bind
*gwedh- (i **wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend**. In LR:397 s.v.
gwedh
bind
(i ’wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend. In LR:397 s.v.
gîl
silver glint
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath (RGEO, MR:388)*
megor
sharp-pointed
(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
naegra
pain
(verb) *naegra- (i naegra, in naegrar). Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
naegra
pain
(i naegra, in naegrar). – Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
nartha
kindle
(i nartha, in narthar) (VT45:37)
nuitha
prevent from coming to completion
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)
aith
point of spear, spear point
(no distinct pl. form)
aran
king of a region
(pl. erain)
ecthel
point of spear, spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point"
edlothiad
flowering
(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**
edlothiad
blossoming
(flowering), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.
egnas
sharp point
(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
lotheg
single flower
lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).
naeg
pain
(noun) naeg (no distinct pl. form)
naeg
pain
(no distinct pl. form)
nestadren
healing
pl. nestedrin
nod
bind
nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).
nod
bind
(i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).
rhûd
dwelling underground
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
ni
pronoun. I
alagos
storm of wind
(pl. elegys, coll. pl. alagossath)
bâr
dwelling
bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
bâr
dwelling
(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
cened
seeing
(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.
dôr
dwelling place
(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).
gobel
enclosed dwelling
(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.
hannas
understanding
(noun) hannas (i channas, o channas), pl. hennais (i chennais) if there is a pl.
hannas
understanding
(i channas, o channas), pl. hennais (i chennais) if there is a pl.
lam
echoing voice
pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath.
nestad
healing
(pl. nestaid if there is a pl.) Adj.
thela
point of spear, spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili
i
article. the
@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
Nûrnen
place name. Death
_ topon. _Death, dead water. >> guru
aglar
noun. radiance
_n. _radiance, glory. Q. alkar. >> aglareb
al-
prefix. not
pref. not. >> alfirin
calad
noun. light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad
calen
green
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
elen
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl
fanha-
verb. to veil
v. to veil, cloak. Q. fanta-. Naturally mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or were brighter and more vivid.
feleg
noun. cave
n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.
galad
radiance
galad
light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
hithren
adjective. grey
_ adj. _grey. >> thind
imp
cardinal. twelve
_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.
ithil
noun. Moon
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
lam
tongue
_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen
loth
noun. flower
_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.
lúth
noun. blossom
_ n. Bot. _blossom, inflorescence. >> Lúthien
malh
golden
mall
golden
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
mith
grey
adj. grey, light grey. >> Mithrandir, mithril
negen
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn
negn
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen
nen
water
{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn
riss
adjective. cleft
_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris
êl
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen
û
interjection. no
adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).
aear
noun. sea
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aearon
noun. great sea, ocean
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
aer
noun. sea
guren
noun. my heart
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
ab
after
#ab (only attested as a prefix, as in:)
ab
after
(only attested as a prefix, as in:)
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
adleitha
release
(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain
adleitha
release
(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
adleitha
free
(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
aeg
sharp
1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
al
not
al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.
al
not
(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
an-
very
as in:
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
aphada
follow
(i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)
ardh
region
1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
ardh
region
(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.
athra
cross
(verb) #athra- (isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)
athra
cross
(isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
ava
will not
(i ava, in avar).
awartha
abandon
awartha- (forsake) (i awartha, in awarthar)
awartha
abandon
(forsake) (i awartha, in awarthar)
awartha
forsake
awartha- (abandon) (i awartha, in awarthar)
awartha
forsake
(abandon) (i awartha, in awarthar)
bess
wife
(i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
brûn
elder, eldest
(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
cad-
z2# verb. to shape; mold
calad
light
_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calad
light
(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
cen
verb. see
cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)
dam
hammer
(noun) 1) dam (i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath, 2) dring (i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).
dar
stop
(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
dram
blow
dram (i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);
dram
blow
(i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);
drambor
blow with fist
(i dhrambor) (clenched fist), pl. dramboer (in dramboer). Archaic ✱drambaur (dram + paur).
draug
wolf
1) draug (i dhraug), pl. droeg (in droeg), coll. pl. drogath; 2) garaf (i ngaraf = i ñaraf, o n**garaf = o ñgaraf), pl. geraif (in geraif = i ñgeraif), coll. pl. garavath**, 3)
draug
wolf
(i dhraug), pl. droeg (in droeg), coll. pl. drogath
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
echad
shape
(verb) echad- (i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)
echad
shape
(i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)
echad
make
(i echad, in echedir) (fashion, shape), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)
edlothia
flower
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
flower
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
blossom
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (flower);
edlothia
blossom
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (flower);
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
egleria
praise
egleria- (i egleria, in egleriar) (glorify)
egleria
praise
(i egleria, in egleriar) (glorify)
en
of the
e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
ennor
middle-earth
Ennor, also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.
ercha
prick
(i ercha, in erchar)
esta
name
(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)
esta
name
(call) (i esta, in estar)
fela
cave
(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
fir
die
1) fir- (i fîr, i firir) (fade), 2) gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (depart)
fuia
feel disgust at
(i fuia, in fuiar) (abhor)
galad
radiance
1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 2) glaw (i **law), pl. gloe (in gloe), 3) thîl; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath**.
galad
radiance
(i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)
garaf
wolf
(i ngaraf = i ñaraf, o n’garaf = o ñgaraf), pl. geraif (in geraif = i ñgeraif), coll. pl. garavath
gaur
wolf
(i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth = i ñaurhoth).
gawa
howl
(verb) gawa- (i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)
gawa
howl
(i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)
gilgalad
starlight
1) gilgalad (i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n**gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form. 2) gilith (also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n**gilith) _These mutations presupposed that the root is Ñ, as in MR:388, rather than _ as in the Etymologies (LR:358).
gilgalad
starlight
(i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n’gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form.
gilwen
region of stars
(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).
gladha
laugh
(verb) gladha- (i **ladha, in gladhar**)
gladha
laugh
(i ’ladha, in gladhar)
glae
grass
glae (i **lae), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glae**).
glae
grass
(i ’lae), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glae).
glaer
narrative poem
(i ’laer) (long lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer). Verb
glaer
long lay
(i ’laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer)
glamor
echo
(noun) glamor (i **lamor), banalogical pl. glemyr (in glemyr**). Archaic *glamr, glambr. ECHO (or, sound of voices) lammad, pl. lemmad. May also be spelt with a single m.
glamor
echo
(i ’lamor), banalogical pl. glemyr (in glemyr). Archaic ✱glamr, glambr.
glaur
golden light
(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).
glaw
radiance
(i ’law), pl. gloe (in gloe)
glawar
sunlight
(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
glenia
bound
(verb) *glenia- (enclose, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glenia
bound
(enclose, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glenia
enclose
*glenia- (bound, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glenia
enclose
(bound, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)
glir
recite poem
(i ’lîr, in glirir) (sing)
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glân
hem
1) glân (i **lân, construct glan) (border), pl. glain (in glain**) (VT42:8). Note: a homophone means ”white, clear”. 2) *rîw (construct riw) (edge, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.
glân
hem
(i ’lân, construct glan) (border), pl. glain (in glain) (VT42:8). Note: a homophone means ”white, clear”.
glîr
poem
glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (song, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**.
glîr
poem
(i ’lîr, construct glir) (song, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath.
glîr
song
1) glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also HYMN regarding the word aerlinn**.
glîr
song
(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also
glîr
lay
glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**;
glîr
lay
(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath;
glûdh
soap
glûdh (i **lûdh, construct gludh), pl. gluidh (in gluidh**)
glûdh
soap
(i ’lûdh, construct gludh), pl. gluidh (in gluidh)
goloth
flower
(i ’oloth) (collection of flowers), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. Also in the form gwaloth (i ’waloth), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth.
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.****
graug
terrible, hostile and powerful creature
(i ’raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath (WJ:415). See
groth
cave
(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)
grôd
cave
1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
grôd
cave
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gurth
death
(i ngurth = i ñurth, o n’gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth)
guruth
death
(i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n’guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth = i ñgyryth)
gwador
sworn brother
(i ’wador), pl. gwedyr (in gwedyr). In ”N”, the pl. was gwedeir (LR:394 s.v. TOR)
gwaew
storm
1) gwaew (i **waew) (wind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew**), 2)
gwaew
storm
(i ’waew) (wind), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)
gwaith
region
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
gwaith
host
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –
gwaith
troop of able-bodied men
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)
gwaith
people
gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).
gwaith
people
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
gwaloth
collection of flowers
(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see
gwanath
death
1) (act of dying) gwanath (i **wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith), 2) (act of dying, especially the ”death” of Elves by fading or weariness) gwanu (i **wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract): 3) gûr (i ngûr = i ñûr, o n**gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir), 4) gurth (i ngurth = i ñurth, o n**gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth), 5) guruth (i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n**guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth** = i ñgyryth)
gwanath
death
(i ’wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith)
gwanna
die
(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (depart)
gwanna
depart
gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (die)
gwanna
depart
(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (die)
gwanu
death
(i ’wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract):
gwathra
veil
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwend
noun. friendship
gwend (i 'wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gwend
friendship
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (bond), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.
gwenig
little baby
(i ’wenig, no distinct pl. form except with article: in gwenig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name of the little finger. (VT47:6, 16-17)
gwâth
shadow
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gîl
star
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
star
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
gûl
magic
1) gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383), 2) angol (deep lore), pl. engyl**. Note: a homophone means "stench". DARK MAGIC, see .
gûl
magic
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
gûr
death
(i ngûr = i ñûr, o n’gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir)
ham
chair
ham (i cham, o cham), pl. haim (in chaim), coll. pl. hammath coinciding with the coll. pl. of hamp ”garment”. Also hanu (i chanu), analogical pl. heny (i cheny), coll. pl. likely hanwath since the archaic form was hanw (VT45:20)
ham
chair
(i cham, o cham), pl. haim (in chaim), coll. pl. hammath coinciding with the coll. pl. of hamp ”garment”. Also hanu (i chanu), analogical pl. heny (i cheny), coll. pl. likely hanwath since the archaic form was hanw (VT45:20)
hanar
brother
1) hanar (i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is *haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.
hanar
brother
(i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is ✱haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.
herves
wife
1) herves (i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath, 2) archaic bess (i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
honeg
little brother
(i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig), also used as a play-name for the middle finger. (VT47:6, 16-17) 2) In older sources Tolkien listed different ”Noldorin” words for ”brother”: muindor (i vuindor), analogical pl. muindyr (i muindyr). Archaic/poetic †tôr (i** dôr, o thôr, construct tor), pl. teryn (i** theryn), coll. pl. toronath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was terein. 3) “Brother” in extended sense of “relative”: gwanur (i ’wanur) (kinsman, also kinswoman), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
hoth
host
(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
i
the
: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
i
the
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see
iaur
old
1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
iphant
full of years
(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
maeg
sharp
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
malad
gold
(as metal) 1) malad (i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl. 2) malt (i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i **lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10) GOLD (COLOUR?) *mall (i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.
malt
gold
(i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i ’lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) (VT41:10)
malthen
golden
1) (of gold) malthen (melthin- in compounds; lenited valthen; pl. melthin), 2) (shining with golden light) glóren (glórin-), lenited lóren; pl. glórin, 3) mallen (lenited vallen; pl. mellin).
malthen
golden
(melthin- in compounds; lenited valthen; pl. melthin)
morchant
shadow
1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),
mên
way
1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
mên
way
(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
nasta
prick
(i nasta, in nastar) (point, stick, thrust)
naw
idea
(pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was *nui***. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath**.
nedia
count
(verb) nedia- (reckon, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT);
nedia
count
(reckon, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT);
nesta
heal
#nesta- (i nesta, in nestar), only attested as a derived noun (gerund):
nesta
heal
(i nesta, in nestar), only attested as a derived noun (gerund):
nuitha
stop short
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).
nuitha
stop short
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
oltha
dream
(verb) oltha- (i oltha, in olthar)
oltha
dream
(i oltha, in olthar)
orthel
screen above
(i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (to roof)
orthor
master
(vb.) orthor (i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
orthor
master
(i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
ôl
dream
(noun) ôl (in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)
ôl
dream
(in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). – The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)
di
preposition. with
e
pronoun. he
herdir
noun. master
im
preposition. between
nín
pronoun. my
tûr
noun. master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master
abonnen
afterborn
pl. Ebennin (archaic "Eboennin" = Ebönnin, WJ:387), Elvish name of Men as the "Secondborn" of Eru. – If ab can be used as an independent preposition, it is probably followed by soft mutation.****
adleithian
release
pl. adleithiain
aeg
sharp
(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aig
sharp
(no distinct pl. form).
andrann
age
andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
age
(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
aphadon
follower
(pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath
band
hell
1) band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, doom), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath. 2) Udûn (= Utumno, stronghold of Melkor), pl. Uduin if there is a pl. (which is unlikely if Udûn is a proper name)
band
hell
(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, doom), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.
baw!
no
! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
byr
follower
). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
cant
shape
(noun) cant (i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i **chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint**; see SHADOW.
cant
shape
(i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint; see SHADOW.
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
cen
see
(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.
cirith
cleft
(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)
criss
cleft
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
cîl
cleft
(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.
dae
shadow
(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
daew
shadow
(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).
dolen
secret
(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin
dêl
disgust
(noun) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (fear, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl).
dêl
disgust
(i dhêl, construct del) (fear, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl).
díneth
bride
(i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dî
bride
1) dî (i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî), 2) díneth (i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dî
bride
(i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî)
dôr
region
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
fae
soul
fae (spirit, radiance). No distinct pl. form.: No general word for ”sound” is attested, but there are the following terms:
fae
soul
(spirit, radiance). No distinct pl. form.
faeg
mean
(adj.) faeg (poor, bad); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.
faeg
mean
(poor, bad); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.
falch
cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch
fân
veil
(cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
light
(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
gail
light
(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)
gardh
region
(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)
genediad
count
(noun) genediad (i **enediad) (reckoning), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid** = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl.
genediad
count
(i ’enediad) (reckoning), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl.
glóren
golden
(glórin-), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
he
she
he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
he
she
hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
herdir
master
(noun) 1) herdir (i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or *”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath. 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22)._ Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred. 3) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)_ 4) (also used = ”mastery”) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
herdir
master
(i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or ✱”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath.
heron
master
(i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred.
hâl
fish
(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.
hâl
fish
(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.
hîr
master
(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
lore
ist (knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
ist
lore
(knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
ithil
moon
1) Ithil (= ”the sheen”); 2) (apparently also used = ”month”) raun (pl. roen, idh roen), coll. pl. ronath. Cf. the ending -ron at the end of month-names. Raun is basically the adj. ”straying, wandering” used as a noun, hence identifying the Moon as ”the Wanderer”. The ”Noldorin” form rhân presupposes a different primitive form and may not correspond to S *rân as would normally be supposed.
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laeg
sharp
(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
laer
summer
laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
laer
summer
(no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
laes
babe
laes (no distinct pl. form);
laes
babe
(no distinct pl. form);
lam
tongue
(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lam
tongue
(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lammad
echo
pl. lemmad. May also be spelt with a single m.
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
leithian
release
(freeing), pl. leithiain
lend
way
(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”
lim
light
(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
loth
flower
loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
loth
flower
pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
mall
gold
(i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.
mallen
golden
(lenited vallen; pl. mellin).
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
mith
grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mithren
grey
1) *mithren (lenited vithren, pl. mithrin). 2) thind (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) (pale grey) mith (lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mithren
grey
(lenited vithren, pl. mithrin).
morchant
shadow
(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.
muil
shadow
(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
n
that
added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
naith
spearhead
(gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
olui
な^hJ adjective. dreamy
Ol (dream) + -ui (full, having that quality)
pant
complete
pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole); COMPLETELY, see
pant
complete
(lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole);
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
rest
cleft
(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
rhûd
artificial cave
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*
rim
host
(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
rist
cleft
(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch
rist
cleft
(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”
rond
cave
(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
ross
foam
(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”
roth
cave
(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)
rîw
hem
(construct riw) (edge, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rîw). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” **rhîf.
said
not common
(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
thanc
cleft
(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
cleft
(forked, split), pl. thainc
thel
mean
(verb) ?thel- (intend, purpose, resolve, will)
thel
mean
(intend, purpose, resolve, will)
thel
will
(vb.) ?thel- (intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thel
will
(intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thent
short
thent (pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).
thent
short
(pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).
thîl
radiance
; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath.
till
sharp horn
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
tê
way
(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
udûn
hell
(= Utumno, stronghold of Melkor), pl. Uduin if there is a pl. (which is unlikely if Udûn is a proper name)
în
year
1) în, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath. 2) idhrinn (no distinct pl. form). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
în
year
no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath.
ú
not
(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb
ú
not
u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”
úthaes
temptation
úthaes (no distinct pl. form) (VT44:23)
úthaes
temptation
(no distinct pl. form) (VT44:23)
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
nên
water
nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).
nên
water
(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
ab
preposition. after
alf
noun. flower
dae
noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade
esten(t)
adjective. short
forn
adjective. north, north, [N.] right
forod
noun. north
gardh
noun. region
glóriel
adjective. golden
@@@ suggested by David Salo, GS/258).
hawn
noun. brother
iaur
adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden
laer
noun. summer
laer
noun. song
lam
noun. echo
mallen
adjective. golden, golden, [N.] of gold
malt
noun. gold, gold (as metal)
mellon
noun. friend
mithren
adjective. grey
san
pronoun. that
thent
adjective. short
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
dae
adverb. very
dilith
noun. friendship
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
dêl
noun. disgust
ess
noun. name
lall
noun. laugh
law
adverb. not
lim
noun. fish
sa
pronoun. that
taw
pronoun. that
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
el
star
n. star.
glawar
blossom
n. (golden) blossom. Q. loar, lávar.
guru
noun. death
_ n. _death. guru << gûru.
hlô
noun. flood
n. flood.
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
lô
flood
n. flood.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
roth
noun. cave
n. cave. Q. rondo.
sí
adverb. here
adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually 'now').
region
noun. holly-tree area
[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]
(h)law
noun. flood
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
ab-
prefix. after, later
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
anim
pronoun. for myself
aníra-
verb. to desire
ardhon
noun. world
arwen
noun. noble woman
auth
noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition
baw
interjection. no, don't!
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
calad
gerund noun. light
calen
adjective. green
cýrawn
noun. new moon
cýron
noun. new moon
dae
noun. shadow
de
pronoun. you
draug
noun. wolf
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
edlothia-
verb. to blossom, flower
The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form
edra-
verb. to open
edro
verb. open!
elen
noun. star
eneth
noun. name
esta-
verb. to name
faeg
adjective. mean, poor, bad
for
adjective. north
forod
noun. north
fuir
adjective. north
gardh
noun. world
gaurwaith
noun. wolf-men
gil-
noun. star
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gill
noun. star
gladh-
verb. to laugh
groth
noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation
gurth
noun. death
guruthos
noun. the shadow of death, death-horror
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gûl
noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy
hanar
noun. brother
hawn
noun. brother
herdir
noun. master
hithren
adjective. grey
hîr
noun. master, lord
i
definite article. the
i
definite article. who
imp
cardinal. twelve
ithil
noun. the (full) Moon, lit. 'The Sheen'
laden
adjective. open, cleared
laer
noun. song, long lay
laes
noun. babe
lam
noun. physical tongue
lam
noun. language
lim
noun. fish
lorn
noun. quiet water
lorn
noun. anchorage, harbour
lum
noun. shade
lîr
noun. song, poem, lay
mallos
noun. a golden flower
mellon
noun. friend
men
noun. way, road
mith
adjective. (pale) grey
mithren
adjective. grey
morchant
noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
nedia-
verb. to count
nen
noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)
nen
noun. waterland
niben
adjective. small, petty
nimp
adjective. small and frail
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
othlonn
noun. paved way
pâd
noun. way
rond
noun. cave roof
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
sennas
noun. guesthouse
sui
conjunction. as, like
sí
adverb. here
sî
adverb. here
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
thanc
adjective. cleft, split, forked
tharbad
noun. cross-way
then
adjective. short
thenn
adjective. short
thent
adjective. short
tíra-
verb. to see
yneb
cardinal. twelve
yneg
cardinal. twelve
ú
prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
Menel
heaven
menel (i venel), pl. menil (i menil)
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
aif
adjective. same
an
to the, for the
(for) + i (the).
angol
deep lore
angol (magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
angol
magic
(deep lore), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
badhron
judge
badhron (i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)
badhron
judge
(i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)
baw!
no
(don’t!) Prefix
car
make
(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (do, build) (WJ:415)
caun
clamour
caun (i gaun, o chaun) (outcry, cry, shout), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter often used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
caun
clamour
(i gaun, o chaun) (outcry, cry, shout), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter often used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
caw
top
caw (i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
caw
top
(i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
dam
hammer
(i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath
damma
hammer
(verb) damma- (i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
damma
hammer
(i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)
dar
stop
(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.
daur
stop
(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
stop
(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
denwaith
people of denwe
(WJ:385);
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
dilia
stop up
(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
e
he
(SD:128-31)
eneth
name
(noun) eneth (pl. enith)
eneth
name
(pl. enith)
eru
the one
isolated from
escal
veil
(screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
screen
(noun) escal (veil, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
screen
(veil, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
falf
foam
(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath
faltha
foam
(i faltha, i falthar)
fir
die
(i fîr, i firir) (fade)
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
forod
north
#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
forod
north
(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien)
gaurhoth
werewolf
).
gilion
of stars
(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.
gilith
starlight
(also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n’gilith) These mutations presupposed that the root is
goeol
terrible
goeol (dire, fell), lenited oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic *goeaul.
goeol
terrible
(dire, fell), lenited ’oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic ✱goeaul.
gonod
count up
(i ’onod, i ngenedir = i ñenedir) (reckon, sum up), pa.t. gonont
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
gwathuirim
people of dunland
(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);
gú
no, not
also ú
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
hadron
hurler of spears or darts
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath
haltha
screen
(verb) haltha- (i chaltha, i chalthar);
haltha
screen
(i chaltha, i chalthar);
haradrim
people of the south
(southerners, southrons);
herth
troop
1) _(troop under a hîr = ”lord”)_ herth (i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth). 2)
herth
troop
(i cherth, o cherth) (household), pl. hirth (i chirth).
herves
wife
(i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath
hoth
host
(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
iathrim
people of doriath
(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);
iaun
fane
iaun (holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
fane
(holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaur
old
(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare
ilphen
noun. everyone
il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).
laes
noun. babe
lammas
account of tongues
lammen
my tongue
.
leitha
set free
(i leitha, i leithar)
lorn
quiet water
(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).
loth
blossom
loth (see
loth
blossom
(see
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
malad
gold
(i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl.
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
naud
bound
(adj.) naud, pl. noed
naud
bound
pl. noed
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
pâd
way
(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
rohirrim
people of rohan
(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sí
here
sí
sí
here
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thâr
stiff grass
pl. thair if there is a pl; coll. pl. tharath.
tûr
master
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
master, mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
ýneg
twelve
(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
_ adj. _grey. Obsolete except in names as Thingol. >> hithren