[cëa, cëan ("k") cardinal "ten", forms Tolkien later abandoned in favour of quain or quëan. An adjectival form caina ("k") was also listed, but must likewise be considered obsolete. (VT48:12-13, VT49:54)]
Quenya
cëa
), cairë noun ?
cëa
cardinal. ten
cëa
noun. *hedge
Quenya cognate of S. cai, second element of S. Morgai “Black Fence”, with both Q. këa and S. cai derived from √KAYA (PE17/101). Elsewhere S. cai was glossed “hedge” (UT/282), so perhaps the Quenya word cëa had the same meaning.
Cognates
- S. cai “hedge” ✧ PE17/101
Derivations
- √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KAYA > këa [kaja] > [kea] ✧ PE17/101 Variations
- këa ✧ PE17/101
cëa(n)
cardinal. ten
Cognates
- S. caen “ten” ✧ PE17/095
Derivations
- √KAYAN “ten” ✧ VT48/12
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √kayan > kea(n) [kajan] > [kean] ✧ VT48/12 Variations
- këa ✧ PE17/095
- kainen ✧ PE17/095
- kea(n) ✧ VT48/12
éna
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶eñna > enna > éna [eŋna] > [enna] ✧ PE19/097
caina
caina
[caina, see cëa, cëan]
cainë
lay
cainë "lay", pa.t. of caita- "lie", q.v.
cairë
lay
cairë _("k")_vb. "lay" (pa.t. of "lie") (MC:221; this is "Qenya" - in LotR-style Quenya cainë pa.t. of caita?) An word cairë with no clear definition appears in PE17:101; see cëa, cairë.
cairë
?. [unglossed]
Cognates
- S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101
Derivations
- √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KAYA > caire [kaire] ✧ PE17/101 Variations
- caire ✧ PE17/101
cúma
noun. [unglossed]
Cognates
- S. cû “bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon” ✧ PE17/122
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶kūma > cúma [kūma] ✧ PE17/122
felca
adjective. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √PHELEK > felca [pʰelka] > [ɸelka] > [felka] ✧ PE17/118
finca
noun. [unglossed]
Cognates
- S. fing “lock of hair” ✧ PE17/017
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶finik/fink > finca [pʰinika] > [pʰinka] > [pʰiŋka] > [ɸiŋka] > [fiŋka] ✧ PE17/017 Variations
- finca ✧ PE17/017
quëan
cardinal. ten
quëan cardinal "ten", also quain (VT48:6, 12, 20). Quain or quëan replaced the form cainen in Tolkiens conception.
quëan
cardinal. ten
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. canquain “forty”
- ᴺQ. canaquain “forty”
- ᴺQ. canaquëan “forty”
- ᴺQ. enenquain “sixty”
- ᴺQ. enenquëan “sixty”
- ᴺQ. lepenquain “fifty”
- ᴺQ. lepenquëan “fifty”
- ᴺQ. nelquain “thirty”
- ᴺQ. nelequain “thirty”
- ᴺQ. nelequëan “thirty”
- ᴺQ. neterquain “ninety”
- ᴺQ. neterquëan “ninety”
- ᴺQ. otoquain “seventy”
- ᴺQ. otoquëan “seventy”
- ᴺQ. quaihúmë “ten thousand, myriad”
- Q. quainëa “tenth”
- ᴺQ. quëallumë “ten times”
- ᴺQ. tolquain “eighty”
- ᴺQ. toloquain “eighty”
- ᴺQ. toloquëan “eighty”
- ᴺQ. yuquain “twenty”
- ᴺQ. yúquëan “twenty”
Variations
- quean ✧ VT48/06; VT48/20
- quain ✧ VT48/06; VT48/20
cainen
cardinal. ten
[cainen] ("k") cardinal "ten" (KAYAN/KAYAR). According to VT48:12, Tolkien eventually rejected this word (cainen would only mean "I lay", sc. the pa.t. cainë with the ending -n "I"). See quain, quëan.
cainen
cardinal. ten
caita-
verb. to lie (down)
Cognates
- ᴺS. caeda- “to lie; to lay (down)”
Derivations
Element in
- Q. ar sindanóriello caita mornië “and out of a grey country darkness lies” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. ar sindanóriello mornië caita “and from a grey country darkness lies” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. caitas lá i sír “it is beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. caitas palla i sír “it is far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- ᴺQ. oscaita- “to surround, (lit.) around-lie”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KAY > caita [kaita-] ✧ PE17/072 √KAY > kaita [kaita-] ✧ PE22/156 Variations
- kaita ✧ PE22/156
- kait|a ✧ PE22/157
conta-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √KOM “gather, collect” ✧ PE17/157
Elements
Word Gloss -ta “causative verb suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KOM > conta [komta-] > [konta-] ✧ PE17/157 Variations
conta✧ PE17/157 (conta)
hendas
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Q. calma hendas “*light in the eyes” ✧ PMCH/02; TMME/192
melya-
verb. [unglossed], *to be in love
Derivations
- √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)”
felehta-
verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine
An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.
Derivations
- √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √PHELEK > felehta [pʰelektā] > [ɸelektā] > [ɸelextā] > [ɸelextā] > [felextā] ✧ PE17/118 Variations
- felehta ✧ PE17/118
quain
cardinal. ten
quain cardinal "ten" (also quëan); quainëa ordinal "tenth" (VT48:6, 20; VT42:25). Quain or quëan replaced the form cainen in Tolkiens conception.
quain
cardinal. ten
Element in
- ᴺQ. quaista “one tenth”
tindon
lay
tindon pa.t. vb? "lay" (???) (MC:220; this is "Qenya")
arra
adjective. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/172
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √SRA-G > asra > arra [asra] > [azra] > [arra] ✧ PE17/172
naue
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ✶ndagwē ✧ PE19/094
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶ndagwē > ndau̯we > nau̯we > naue [ndagwē] > [ndaɣwē] > [ndauwē] > [nauwē] > [naue] ✧ PE19/094 Variations
- nawe ✧ PE19/094 (
nawe)
sal-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √SAL “[unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre” ✧ PE22/133
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √SAL > azálie [asālie] > [azālie] ✧ PE22/133
tompë
noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat
@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20
Derivations
- √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √TOM > tompe [tompe] ✧ PE17/138 Variations
- tompe ✧ PE17/138
amya-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up” ✧ PE17/157
Elements
Word Gloss -ya “verbal suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √AM > amya [amja-] ✧ PE17/157 Variations
amya✧ PE17/157 (amya)
hindë
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KHIN > hinde [kʰinde] > [xinde] > [hinde] ✧ PE17/157 Variations
hinde✧ PE17/157 (hinde)
holdë
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √SKOL “shut, close” ✧ PE17/098
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KHOL > holde [kʰolde] > [xolde] > [holde] ✧ PE17/098 Variations
- holde ✧ PE17/098
háro
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶khādo > hāzo > hāro [kʰādo] > [xādo] > [xāðo] > [hāðo] > [hāro] ✧ PE22/148 Variations
- hāro ✧ PE22/148
malsa
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ✶maslā ✧ PE19/101
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶maslā > malsa [maslā] > [malsā] > [malsa] ✧ PE19/101
sélo
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ✶steglō ✧ PE19/095
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶steglō > thélo > þélo > sélo [steglō] > [θeglō] > [θeɣlō] > [θēlō] > [θēlo] > [sēlo] ✧ PE19/095
sóla
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ✶soglā ✧ PE19/095
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶soglā > sóla [soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla] ✧ PE19/095
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √STAR “*stiff, [ᴹ√] stiff” ✧ PE22/133
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √STAR > thar [star-] > [θar-] ✧ PE22/133 Variations
- thar ✧ PE22/133
tomba
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √TOM > tomba [tomba] ✧ PE17/138
úpa-
verb. [unglossed]
maitya
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- mahtya ✧ PE19/084 (mahtya)
þúna
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶stuknā > thúna [stuknā] > [stugnā] > [θugnā] > [θuŋnā] > [θūnā] > [θūna] > [sūna] ✧ PE19/086 Variations
- thúna ✧ PE19/086 (thúna)
lirilla
lay, song
lirilla noun "lay, song" (LT1:258)
um(ba)-
prefix. [unglossed]
Derivations
Element in
- Q. umbacarin “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/172
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √UMU > um(ba) [umba-] ✧ PE17/172 Variations
- um(ba) ✧ PE17/172 (um(ba))
hindo
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KHIN > hindo [kʰindo] > [xindo] > [hindo] ✧ PE17/157
lingi-
verb. [unglossed]
umbacarin
noun. [unglossed]
cëa (k"), cairë noun ?"fence" (PE17:101); or numeral "ten"? The source is obscure; cf. cëa above.