_ adj. _tough. >> dír-
Sindarin
dorn
adjective. stiff, tough
dorn
Dorn
dorn
adjective. tough, stiff, thrawn, obdurate
Cognates
Derivations
- √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ PE17/181; WJ/413
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √DOR > Dorn [dorna] > [dorn] ✧ PE17/181 √DOR > Dyrn [dornī] > [dorni] > [durni] > [dyrni] > [dyrn] ✧ PE17/181 √DORO > dorn [dorna] > [dorn] ✧ WJ/413 Variations
- Dorn ✧ PE17/181
dern
tough
dír-
prefix. tough
nordh
oak
nordh
noun. oak
A word for “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25). See the entry N. doron for earlier forms of the word.
Cognates
- Q. nordo “oak” ✧ PE17/025
Variations
- norð ✧ PE17/025
hadhu
noun. seat, seat, *chair
A word appearing as haðw “seat” in Late Notes on Verb Structure from 1969 derived from primitive ✶khadmā (PE22/148). In more typical Sindarin orthography it would be hadhu. Based on earlier versions of this word, it may mean “✱chair” as well (see below).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. dorn “seat” (GL/19), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” (QL/85). In Early Noldorin Word-lists this became ᴱN. {hód >>} haud “seat” (PE13/147).
A draft entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. hand “seat” and N. hanw “chair” derived from the root ᴹ√KHAD (EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien updated this root form to ᴹ√KHAM “sit” with a noun form N. ham or hanw, with a hard-to-read gloss that was probably “?chair” (Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien then created yet another root ᴹ√KHAM “call to, summon”, saying that “KHAM sit (replacing KHAD, cancelled)”, so apparently the root for “sit” reverted back to KHAD. This is supported by the 1969 “seat” word haðw seen above.
Cognates
- Q. hanwa “seat, seat, *chair”
Derivations
Element in
- S. arahadhw “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶khadmā > chaðw > haðw [kʰadmā] > [kʰadma] > [xadma] > [xaðma] > [xaðm] > [haðm] > [haðv] > [haðw] > [haðu] ✧ PE22/148 Variations
- haðw ✧ PE22/148
tarch
adjective. stiff, tough
dorn
stiff
1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tharn (sapless, rigid, withered), pl. thern.
dorn
stiff
(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn
dorn
tough
1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
dorn
tough
(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn
tharn
stiff
(sapless, rigid, withered), pl. thern.
tarlanc
stiff-necked
(obstinate), lenited darlanc, pl. terlainc.
tara
tough
(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.
tarias
stiffness
(i darias, o tharias) (toughness, difficulty), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a pl.
pl1. Dyrn dwarf.