Sindarin
glad
noun. wood
glad
noun. wood
galad
radiance
Gladhwen
noun. Gladhwen
laughing maiden (pure S of Lalwen); gladh- (v. “laugh”) + gwend (“girl, maiden”) S form of Quenya Lalwendë.
gladuial
place name. *Twilight Wood
Another name for Nan Elmoth appearing on the Silmarillion map from the 1950s (WJ/183, 188 note #48). Christopher Tolkien stated in his notes that he could not find this name anywhere else in his father’s writings, but Christopher apparently forgot that it had appeared as a rejected name in “The Lay of Leithian Recommenced” from the same period, revised to Gilammoth and finally to Nan Elmoth (LB/349). The name appears to be a combination of glad “wood” and uial “twilight”.
gladh-
verb. to laugh, to laugh [at a joke], *guffaw
This word is not compatible with the name Lalaith “Laughter” attested in The Silmarillion. The most likely explanation of this name is that it is the unattested verb ✱lala- “laugh” with the abstract noun suffix -th seen in tirith “watch(ing)” and sirith “flowing”. This indicates a primitive form ✶lala- instead of ✶glada- (both primitives produce Quenya lala-). If you were to accept gladh- as the Sindarin word for “laugh”, then the word for “laughter” would perhaps be the equivalent abstract noun ✱gladhath, and the name Lalaith might be a mix of Quenya and Sindarin. @@@ Neo-Sindarin uses
gladhwen
feminine name. Laughing Maiden
gladh-
verb. to laugh
galad
radiance
1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 2) glaw (i **law), pl. gloe (in gloe), 3) thîl; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath**.
galad
radiance
(i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glâd
forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)
glâd
wood
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)
gladha
laugh
(verb) gladha- (i **ladha, in gladhar**)
gladha
laugh
(i ’ladha, in gladhar)
gladhweg
adjective. cheerful, (lit.) apt to laugh
glaw
radiance
(i ’law), pl. gloe (in gloe)
sîr ninglor
place name. Gladden River
Sindarin name of the Gladden River (UT/280), a combination of sîr “river” and ninglor “golden water-flower”, also seen in Loeg Ningloron “Gladden Fields, (lit.) Pools of the Golden Water-flowers” (S/295; SI/Gladden Fields, Loeg Ningloron).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this river was first named as N. Palathrin “Gladden” (RS/432).
Sîr Ninglor
noun. gladden (water-gold) river
sîr (“river”), nîn (pl. of nen “water”) + glaur (“gold”); not clear why the second element of Ninglor is not lenited, David Salo states that gh before a nasal could probably revert back to g, before it became zero, TolkLang message 19.31.
loeg ningloron
place name. Gladden Fields
ninglor
gladden
_(noun, _the flower yellow-flag) ninglor (pl.ningloer). Archaic *ninglaur.
ninglor
gladden
(pl.ningloer). Archaic ✱ninglaur.
mertha-
verb. to gladden, make happy
ningloron
having gladden-flowers
(pl. ningloryn if this is really an adjective)
eryn
wood
1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)
aglar
noun. radiance
_n. _radiance, glory. Q. alkar. >> aglareb
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
eryn
forest
_n. _forest, wood of trees.
eryn
noun. wood
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
lala-
verb. to laugh
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
nimp
adjective. small and frail
parth galen
place name. Green Sward
Field by the shore of Nen Hithoel glossed “Green Sward” (LotR/417, RC/349), a combination of parth “sward” and the lenited form of calen “green”.
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien considered several names for this field, first N. Kelufain and Forfain revised to Calenbel >> N. Calembel (TI/371, TI/382). The name Calembel went through a number of revision starting with Cale(m)- before Tolkien settled on Parth Galen (WR/301, 307). Later, the name S. Calembel was reused for a town in Gondor (LotR/790).
sâdh
noun. sward, turf
taur
noun. forest
_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw
taur
noun. great wood, forest
tawar
noun. forest, forest; [N.] wood (material)
A word for “forest” in a few Sindarin names, notably Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” (UT/319) and Tawarwaith “Forest People” (UT/256).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. tawar meant “wood (material)” but was often used with the same sense as N. taur “forest”; it was derived from the root ᴹ√TÁWAR (Ety/TÁWAR). In Sindarin, awa often became au (and then > o), and cases where it was preserved seem to have to do with patterns of stress; see the entry on that phonetic rule for further details.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, it is probably better to stick with the better known S. taur for “forest”.
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
eryn
wood
. No distinct pl. form.
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
lall
noun. laugh
lalweg
adjective. cheerful
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
parth
sward
1) parth (i barth, o pharth) (field, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth), 2) sâdh (i hâdh, o sâdh, construct sadh) (turf), pl. saidh (i saidh) (VT42:20)
parth
sward
(i barth, o pharth) (field, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth)
pathu
sward
*pathu (i bathu) (level place), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH), hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath.
pathu
sward
(i bathu) (level place), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH), hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath.
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
sâdh
sward
(i hâdh, o sâdh, construct sadh) (turf), pl. saidh (i saidh) (VT42:20)
taur
forest
1) taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (
taur
forest
(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.
tawar
forest
(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)
tawar
wood
(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).
tawar
wood
(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).
thîl
radiance
; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath.
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).