A name of the coast of Aman translated “Far Shore”, as opposed to Nevrast “Hither Shore” (PE17/27). It is a combination of hae “far” and ras(t) “shore”.
Sindarin
hae
adverb. very far away
hae
adverb/adjective. far, very far away, far, (very) far away
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
haerast
place name. Far Shore
Haerast
noun. far shore
hae (“far, remote”) + #rast (#“shore”)
Haerast
'the Far Shore'
haer
adjective. remote
_adj._remote. >> hae, haered, na-chaered
haered
noun. remoteness
_n._remoteness. >> hae, haer, na-chaered
haedh
noun. fenced enclosure
A noun for a “fenced enclosure” in revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶khagdā “fence (of stakes), palisade” (PE19/91). While the original composition of OP2 was the early 1950s, the revisions were written in 1959 or later (PE19/91 note #110).
haer
adjective. remote, remote, *distant
haered
noun. remoteness, (remote) distance
haeren
place name. ?Remote Lands
A location in the western part of Gondor appearing only as a handwritten addition by Tolkien to the final version of the map of Middle-earth.
haeron
adjective. *distant
@@@ gloss suggested by David Salo, GS/374
haered
noun. remote distance, the remote
haedh
noun. fenced enclosure
fenced enclosure
haeron
adjective. far, remote, distant
hae
further
(adj.) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
distant
1) hae (far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form, 2) *haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)
hae
on the other side
(adj.) hae (far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form;
hae
other side, on the
(adj.) hae (far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
further
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
remote
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
hae
distant
(far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
hae
on the other side
(far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form;
hae
other side, on the
(far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
Haerast
Haerast
haena-
verb. to leave, depart, (lit.) be(come) distant
A neologism for “leave, depart” coined by Elaran on 2023-07-02 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), derived from ✱khay-nā and thus a verbal variant of hae “far”, originally “become distant”; compare also G. haithin “gone, departed” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s. Elaran proposed this verb to replace gwae- “to depart” for those who think that Tolkien discarded this irregular verb in his later notes. I prefer to retain gwae-, but I think it can coexist with haena- as an easier-to-conjugate alternative.
haer
far
(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
far
(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
remote
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
haer
distant
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
haew
habit
haew (i chaew, o chaew) (custom), same form in pl. (also with article)
haew
habit
(i chaew, o chaew) (custom), same form in pl. (also with article)
haew
custom
haew (i chaew, o chaew) (habit), same fom in pl. (also with article)
haew
custom
(i chaew, o chaew) (habit), same fom in pl. (also with article)
haeda-
verb. to remove, (lit.) make distant
A neologism for “remove” created by Elaran as a causative verb based on the root ᴹ√KHAY, so more literally “make distant”.
*gwachae
remote
(adjective) 1) *gwachae (far away), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186). 2) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae*; no distinct pl. form, 3) haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira**.)
gwachae
remote
(far away), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186).
haudh
noun. (funeral) mound, grave; heap, piled mound, (funeral) mound, grave, [N.] tomb; [orig.] †heap, piled mound
A word appearing in numerous names, usually translated “mound” or “funeral mound”. In revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) made around 1959, Tolkien described its origin as follows:
> √KHAB- “heap up, pile up”: khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”: S haudh, funeral mound ... The sense “funeral mound, especially one in which weapons and other valuables were also buried” shows probably that haudh is also derived from the (perhaps ultimately related) √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store”; with extension ✱KHAWAD “store, hoard” (PE19/91).
Here the ancient combination of stops in ✶khabdā developed as usual in Sindarin: abd became auð, and indeed it was the main example of this development.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word N. hauð “mound, grave, tomb” was derived from ᴹ✶khagda “pile, mound” under the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG); in that document the sense “grave” was likewise due to the influence of ᴹ√KHAW, though in The Etymologies this root was glossed “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW). This word also appeared in the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as a derivative of ᴹ✶khagdā, but there its form was haeð (PE19/45), reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the phonetic developments of agd and whether it became auð or aið > aeð.
In the Outline of Phonology (OP2) as first composed in the early 1950s, Tolkien initially retained the derivation from ✶khagdā as in The Etymologies (PE19/91-92 note #110). But he eventually decided that agd > aið > aeð, at which point he needed a new etymology for haudh “funeral mound”, so he changed √KHAG “pile up” to √KHAB.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the circa-1959 derivation from √KHAB given above, with the caveat that I’d limit the sense “lay in store” to the extended root √KHAWAD, to allow the retention of various useful words derived from 1930s ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”. I’d limit haudh to mounds associated with death (as well as tombs in general); for “mound” in the ordinary sense I would use [ᴺS.] tund.
na-
verb. to be
A verb for “to be” based on the root √NĀ of the same meaning. This verb is barely attested in the Sindarin language, and the general consensus is that [for purposes of Neo-Sindarin at least] Sindarin omits the verb “to be” in most phrases, such as in naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving us” (LotR/299) or ✱orchal i adan “tall [is] the man”; see the entry on the copula for further discussion.
The clearest attestation of the verb na- is its imperative form no “be!” in the phrase no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name, (lit.) ✱be holy the name your”, from the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT44/21). This imperative form was preceded by some hard-to-read deleted forms, perhaps {dôd >> dád >> hae >>} no (VT44/22). The d-forms might be eroded/mutated variants of na-. Compare đa in the phrase inn đa v’im “a mind there is in me = I have a good mind (to do so)” in notes from the late 1960s (PE22/165), where đa could be another eroded form of na-. This phrase was first written as inn no v’im (PE22/165 note #108); see the entry for đa for further discussion.
Another clear attestation of na “be” is an apparent future form natho in the untranslated phrase Sí il chem {na} en i naugrim en ir Ellath {natho} thor den ammen in the so-called “Túrin Wrapper” from the late 1950s (VT50/5). This future[?] form natho was deleted and replaced by thor, and a deleted {na} also appears earlier in the phrase, possibly a false start. Carl Hostetter suggested this phrase might mean something like “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) us” (VT50/22-25). If so, it seems the future of na- “be” was constructed from the bare future suffix (a)tha-, manifesting as tho “✱will be”.
Neo-Sindarin: As noted above, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin the general consensus is that this verb is barely used, and is omitted from most “to be” phrases as in the example orchal i adan given above. The verb’s one widely accepted use is as an imperative, such as in no mae “be well”. Based the Túrin Wrapper, I posit that tho can also be used for a future form “will be”, as in i adan tho orchal “the man will be tall”. I likewise posit a (purely hypothetical) past form [ᴺS.] nî “was”, based on the primitive past-tense element ✶-nē with [[os|long [ē] becoming [ī]]], as in i adan nî orchal “the man was tall”. Neither tho or nî are widely accepted Neo-Sindarin, however.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the verb G. na- “is” (GL/58), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This irregular Gnomish verb had some inflected forms: plural nain, participle ol· and past form {ni >>} thi, the last of these being another inspiration for Neo-Sindarin nî “was”.
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
sael
adjective. wise
haudh
noun. heap
Dor. heap, piled mound
sael
adjective. wise
sarch
noun. grave
sarch
noun. grave
A word for “grave” in the phrase Sarch nia Chîn Húrin “Grave of the Children of Húrin” (UT/140). Its etymology isn’t clear, but it might be related to sarn “stone” as in [N.] sarnas “cairn” (LR/406).
cûm
heap
1) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim). 2) ovras (crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath
cûm
heap
(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim).
haudh
grave
(i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
nef
on this side of
also used as an adjectival prefix nev- ”hither, near, on this side”
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
ovras
heap
(crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath
sarch
grave
(noun) 1) sarch (i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch), 2) haudh (i chaudh, o chaudh) (burial mound, barrow, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath
sarch
grave
(i harch, o sarch), pl. serch (i serch)
_adv._very far away. >> haer, haered, na-chaered