_adv._very far away. >> haer, haered, na-chaered
Sindarin
hae
adverb. far, very far away, far, (very) far away
hae
adverb. very far away
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
haer
adjective. remote, remote, *distant
haer
adjective. remote
_adj._remote. >> hae, haered, na-chaered
haered
noun. remote distance, the remote
haeron
adjective. far, remote, distant
hae
distant
- hae (far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form, 2) *haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)
hae
further
(adj.) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
on the other side
(adj.) hae (far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form;
hae
other side, on the
(adj.) hae (far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
distant
(far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
hae
further
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
on the other side
(far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form;
hae
other side, on the
(far, distant, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hae
remote
(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form
haer
far
(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
far
(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
distant
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
haer
remote
(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*
*gwachae
remote
(adjective) 1) *gwachae (far away), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186). 2) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae*; no distinct pl. form, 3) haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira**.)
gwachae
remote
(far away), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186).
na-
verb. to be
A verb for “to be” based on the root √NĀ of the same meaning. This verb is barely attested in the Sindarin language, and the general consensus is that [for purposes of Neo-Sindarin at least] Sindarin omits the verb “to be” in most phrases, such as in naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving us” (LotR/299) or ✱orchal i adan “tall [is] the man”; see the entry on the copula for further discussion.
The clearest attestation of the verb na- is its imperative form no “be!” in the phrase no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name, (lit.) ✱be holy the name your”, from the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT44/21). This imperative form was preceded by some hard-to-read deleted forms, perhaps {dôd >> dád >> hae >>} no (VT44/22). The d-forms might be eroded/mutated variants of na-. Compare đa in the phrase inn đa v’im “a mind there is in me = I have a good mind (to do so)” in notes from the late 1960s (PE22/165), where đa could be another eroded form of na-. This phrase was first written as inn no v’im (PE22/165 note #108); see the entry for đa for further discussion.
Another clear attestation of na “be” is an apparent future form natho in the untranslated phrase Sí il chem {na} en i naugrim en ir Ellath {natho} thor den ammen in the so-called “Túrin Wrapper” from the late 1950s (VT50/5). This future[?] form natho was deleted and replaced by thor, and a deleted {na} also appears earlier in the phrase, possibly a false start. Carl Hostetter suggested this phrase might mean something like “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) us” (VT50/22-25). If so, it seems the future of na- “be” was constructed from the bare future suffix (a)tha-, manifesting as tho “✱will be”.
Neo-Sindarin: As noted above, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin the general consensus is that this verb is barely used, and is omitted from most “to be” phrases as in the example orchal i adan given above. The verb’s one widely accepted use is as an imperative, such as in no mae “be well”. Based the Túrin Wrapper, I posit that tho can also be used for a future form “will be”, as in i adan tho orchal “the man will be tall”. I likewise posit a (purely hypothetical) past form [ᴺS.] nî “was”, based on the primitive past-tense element ✶-nē with [[os|long [ē] becoming [ī]]], as in i adan nî orchal “the man was tall”. Neither tho or nî are widely accepted Neo-Sindarin, however.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the verb G. na- “is” (GL/58), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This irregular Gnomish verb had some inflected forms: plural nain, participle ol· and past form {ni >>} thi, the last of these being another inspiration for Neo-Sindarin nî “was”.
nef
on this side of
also used as an adjectival prefix nev- ”hither, near, on this side”
An adverb(?) for “far” or “very far away” based on the root ᴹ√KHAYA (PE17/25; EtyAC/KHAYA). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the variant forms hae, hoe, haen (EtyAC/KHAYA).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hai “there (by him)” (GL/47), a possible precursor. In this document the basic adverb for “far” was G. eg or êg “faraway, wide, distant, far off” based on the early root ᴱ√eika (GL/32; QL/29). This word reappeared in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document with the gloss “far” (PE13/113). Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. eg- {“†wide, far” >>} “far” (PE13/142).