Quenya 

hound

noun "hound" (PE17:86), cf. huan, huo

noun. hound (or ?heart)

A Quenya word glossed as either “hound” or “heart” (according to Christopher Gilson) appearing in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s exploring the possible origins of S. huorn (PE17/86). This was followed by an unglossed variant form Q. , apparently derived from khōgo. Tolkien seems to have vacillated between primitive roots √KHUG/KHOG (the former being the basis for “dog” words in The Etymologies) or √KHON (the basis for “heart” words in The Etymologies), connections that were also pointed out by Christopher Gilson.

Neo-Quenya: Giving the tenuous nature of this word, I’d stick to better defined ᴹQ. huo “dog” from The Etymologies for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

  • S. “hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/086

þúlë

noun. spirit

huo

dog

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. , huan). Also roa.

huan

hound

huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) noun "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG). Cf. , huo.

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

spirit, shadow

noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

noun. hound (or ?heart)

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

roa

dog

roa noun "dog" (VT47:35). Also huo.

röa

noun. dog

A word for “dog” appearing in 1968 notes on monosyllabic primitive Elvish nouns (VT47/35). Of the primitive forms, Tolkien first gave ✶wā(w) “dog” and ✶grā “bear”, but ✶wā(w) was struck through and the gloss of ✶grā was changed to “dog”, after which Tolkien wrote Q. roa “dog” (VT47/36). He seems to have been disatisfied with this derivation, however, going on to write a number of primitive animal roots in the upper margin, including ✶yarr- “dog”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. roa “a wild beast” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶raw̯a under the early root ᴱ√RAVA or ᴱ√RAẆA (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: Giving Tolkien’s vacillations on these 1968 forms, I’d stick to the better known ᴹQ. huo as the common word for “dog” in (Neo) Quenya, which is the word used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Derivations

  • grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
    • GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
grawa > roa[grawa] > [ɣrawa] > [ɣroa] > [roa]✧ VT47/35

Variations

  • roa ✧ VT47/35

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

Sindarin 

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:86] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hound

_ n. Zoo. _hound. Q. . The gloss might be 'heat'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:86] < _khōgo_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivations

  • hyōba “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Element in

  • S. huorn “?spirit tree” ✧ PE17/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [kʰō] > [xō] > [xū] > [hū]✧ PE17/086

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/086
Sindarin [PE17/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart

A noun appearing as N. “dog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). The same form appeared in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s with a gloss that might be “hound” or might be “heart”, according to Christopher Gilson (PE17/86). This later form was derived from ✶khōgo, which makes me think “hound” is the more likely meaning given the primitive form’s resemblance to ᴹ√KHUG.

Conceptual Development: G. “dog” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), but in this period was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA (QL/82).

Cognates

  • Q. “hound (or ?heart)” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/086
Sindarin [PE17/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

faer

noun. spirit

Sindarin [MR/349] Group: SINDICT. Published by

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

Adûnaic

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending , it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”

Derivations

  • ✶Ad. manaw “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶Ad. manaw- > manau > manō[manaw] > [manau] > [manō]✧ SD/424
✶Ad. manaw+yi > manau+yi > manōyi > manôi[manawji] > [manauji] > [manōji] > [manōi]✧ SD/424

Variations

  • manō ✧ SD/424
  • mānō ✧ SD/438
Adûnaic [SD/424; SD/438] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raba

noun. dog

A noun translated “dog” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/437). It is also used as an example of a common-noun that can be altered to masculine and feminine forms rabô “male dog” and rabê “bitch” (SD/434).

Adûnaic [SD/434; SD/437] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Derivations

  • PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

  • phaini “vapour” ✧ NM/237
    • S. faen “vapour; [disembodied] spirit” ✧ NM/237
  • phairi “spirit (general)” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance” ✧ NM/237
    • S. faer “spirit (in general)”
  • phanā “veil, cloud” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fana “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
    • S. fân “(white) cloud; veil, curtain; form or vision of a spiritual being; spirit [embodied]” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
  • phāy “flame, ray of light”
    • Q. “*ray of light, flame” ✧ PE19/104
  • phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ NM/237
    • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
    • S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul”
  • Q. faila “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352
  • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ PM/352
  • S. fael “gleam of the sun; *gleaming”
  • S. fael “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352

Variations

  • phay ✧ NM/237; NM/237
  • PHAYA ✧ PM/352
Primitive elvish [NM/237; PM/352] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyōba

noun. spirit, shadow

Derivatives

  • S. “spirit, shadow” ✧ PE17/086

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/086
Primitive elvish [PE17/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

grawa

noun. dog

Derivations

  • GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

  • Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wā(w)

noun. dog

Changes

  • wā(w)grā “dog” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yarr-

noun. dog, dog; *growl, snarl

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave the root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” (QL/105). It had no derivatives in QL, but in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the words G. gab- “bark, bay (of dogs)” and G. gôbi “a large hound” were clearly related (GL/36). There were no similar forms for many years, but then primitive ✶yarr- “dog” appeared in notes from 1968 (VT47/36). This later primitive was likely related to Q. yarra- “growl, snarl” from the Q. Markirya poem of this same period (MC/223), perhaps from a root ✱√YAR.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. yarra “️growl, snarl”
  • Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”
Primitive elvish [VT47/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

noun. dog

Noldorin [Ety/364] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. dog

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHUG > [kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuɣ] > [xūɣ] > [xū] > [hū]✧ Ety/KHUGAN
Noldorin [Ety/KHUGAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

huan

masculine name. hound

Changes

  • huanHuan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

  • huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN (huan)
  • Húan ✧ RSI/Húan
Noldorin [Ety/KHUGAN; LRI/Huan; RSI/Húan; SMI/Huan] Group: Eldamo. Published by

huan

noun. hound

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
    • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Element in

  • N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶khugan > Huan[kʰūgan] > [xūgan] > [xūɣan] > [xuan] > [huan]✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Variations

  • Huan ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
Noldorin [Ety/KHUGAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mân

noun. departed spirit

Noldorin [Ety/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

manaw

noun. spirit

The primitive form of manô “spirit” (SD/424). Its plural form manaw+yi is also attested.

Derivatives

  • Ad. manô “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Variations

  • manaw- ✧ SD/424
Primitive adûnaic [SD/424] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

huo

noun. dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dog” derived from the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It is probably one of the better known words for “dog” in Quenya, and was widely used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Cognates

  • N. “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Element in

  • ᴺQ. huolë “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHUG > huo[kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuo] > [huo]✧ Ety/KHUGAN

huan

noun. hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hound” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khugan under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It was followed a parenthetical form (húnen), likely a genitive, indicating a stem form of hún-. This word served as the basis for the name of the great Valinorian hound Huan.

Conceptual Development: The forms huan and {hwan >>} huan appeared in both the Qenya Lexicon and Qenya Phonology of the 1910s, but in both cases this word was revised to ᴱQ. fan (fand-) “dog” (QL/37; PE12/26). This word was derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA < sǝwǝ (QL/82) and primitive forms ᴱ✶swandǝ (PE12/26) or ᴱ✶swǝnd- (QL/82). The vacillation from huan to fan reflects Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of initial sw- in Early Qenya, either to hw- > hu- or to f- (PE12/26 note #26). The form ᴱQ. huan (huand-) “dog” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/132). It appeared again in The Etymologies, with a new gloss “hound”, a revised derivation and a new stem form hún- (see above).

Changes

  • huanhuan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Cognates

  • N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • N. huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
    • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHUGAN > huan[kʰugan] > [xugan] > [xuɣan] > [xuan] > [huan]✧ Ety/KHUGAN
ᴹ✶khugan > huan[kʰugan] > [xugan] > [xuɣan] > [xuan] > [huan]✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Middle Primitive Elvish

khugan

noun. hound

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • N. huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KHUGAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

noun. dog

Changes

  • hûa “dog” ✧ GL/49
  • hûehûa “dog” ✧ GL/49

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

  • G. cuithos hû le mui “a cat and dog life” ✧ GL/27; GL/49
  • G. hûbi “hound” ✧ GL/49 (hûbi)
  • G. huil “bitch, *female dog” ✧ GL/49
  • G. hûn ar hû “between the dog and his bone” ✧ GL/49

Variations

  • hûa ✧ GL/49 (hûa)
  • hûe ✧ GL/49 (hûe)
Gnomish [GL/27; GL/49] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hûbi

noun. hound

blaith

noun. spirit

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air”

Element in

  • G. gumlaith “weariness of spirit, depression, grief” ✧ GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith
Gnomish [GL/23; GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

fan(d)

noun. dog

Cognates

  • Eq. fan “dog”

Derivations

Variations

  • fand ✧ PE13/143
  • fan ✧ PE13/143
Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

swandǝ

noun. dog

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAẆA “*dog” ✧ QL/082

Derivatives

  • Eq. fan “dog” ✧ PE12/026; QL/082

Variations

  • swǝnd- ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/026; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

huan

noun. dog

@@@ reflects older sw- > hu-

Changes

  • hwanhuan “dog” ✧ PE12/026
  • huanfan “dog” ✧ PE12/026
  • huanFan ✧ QL/037

Cognates

  • G. “dog”

Element in

Variations

  • hwan ✧ PE12/026 (hwan)
Early Quenya [PE12/026; PE16/132; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fan

noun. dog

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶swandǝ “dog” ✧ PE12/026; QL/082
    • ᴱ√SAẆA “*dog” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶swandǝ > fan[swandǝ] > [swand] > [fand] > [fan]✧ PE12/026

Variations

  • Fan ✧ QL/037
Early Quenya [PE12/026; QL/037; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vilisse

noun. spirit

Cognates

  • G. blaith “spirit” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VILI “*air”
Early Quenya [GL/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by