Quenya 

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see ); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

no, not

(1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

athwart, over, across, beyond

(2) prep. "athwart, over, across, beyond" (PE17:65), also used in phrases of comparison, e.g. "A ná calima lá B", A is bright beyond (= brighter than) B (VT42:32).

please

[ (3) interjection? "please" (reading of gloss uncertain)(VT45:25)]

adverb. no, not

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153; VT42/33

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ALA > [lā]✧ PE22/153
ala > la[lā]✧ VT42/33

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/153; VT49/13
  • la ✧ PE22/154; PE22/158 (la); PE22/160; PE22/162; VT42/33; VT49/18
  • ✧ PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/160; PE22/161; PE22/166; PE22/166; VT42/33; VT42/33
Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/160; PE22/161; PE22/162; PE22/166; VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

preposition. beyond, over, across, athwart

Changes

  • “beyond” ✧ PE17/065

Derivations

  • lā̆ “beyond” ✧ PE17/065; PE17/065
    • LAƷ “cross, pass over, go beyond” ✧ PE17/065
  • LAƷ “cross, pass over, go beyond” ✧ PE17/065; PE17/090; PE17/091

Element in

  • Q. ambela “further still beyond, far away beyond” ✧ PE17/090
  • Q. A (ná) calima lá B “A is brighter than B; (lit.) A is bright beyond B” ✧ PE17/090; PE17/090; PE17/091; VT42/32
  • Q. caitas lá i sír “it is beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. haila “far beyond” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. lanna “athwart, (to a point) beyond, athwart, (to a point) beyond, *across” ✧ PE17/065; PE17/065
  • Q. núla “under [beyond]” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. olla “over [beyond]” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. palla “far beyond” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. pella “beyond (boundary or limit)” ✧ PE17/065

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
lā̆ > [lā]✧ PE17/065
laŋa > [laŋa] > [laɣa] > [lā]✧ PE17/065
LAŊ > la[laŋa] > [laɣa] > [lā]✧ PE17/065
ALA/LA > [lā]✧ PE17/090
LAƷA > [laɣa] > [lā]✧ PE17/091

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/065 (); PE17/065 (); PE17/065; PE17/090; PE17/090; PE17/091; VT42/32; VT44/04
  • ✧ PE17/065; PE17/065
  • la ✧ PE17/065
Quenya [PE17/065; PE17/090; PE17/091; VT42/32; VT44/04] Group: Eldamo. Published by

interjection. yes

not to be/do

Quenya [PE 22:126; PE 22:140; PE 22:153, 156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

laia

laia

laia, see #1

lánë

lánë

lánë, see #1

lanyë

lanyë

lanyë, see #1

lauva

lauva

lauva, see #1

lala

no indeed not, on the contrary

lala (3) negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA)

lá-

verb. to not be

Changes

  • laminlanye ✧ VT49/13

Derivations

  • lā- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153; VT49/13
    • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153
  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/156; VT42/33; VT49/13

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> lanye[lanye]✧ PE22/153
lājā > laia[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]✧ PE22/153
(A)LA > lā-[lā-]✧ PE22/156
ala > [lā-]✧ VT42/33
ala > [lā-]✧ VT49/13
lājā > laia[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]✧ VT49/13

Variations

  • la ✧ PE22/154; VT43/22; VT49/15
  • lā- ✧ PE22/156
  • ✧ VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/13
  • ✧ VT49/13
  • lamin ✧ VT49/13 (lamin)
Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/154; PE22/156; PE22/160; VT42/33; VT43/22; VT49/13; VT49/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lau

no indeed not, on the contrary

lau negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA)

laumë

no indeed not, on the contrary

laumë < lá umë negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions")This is a combination of the negation "not" and the negative verb umë "is not, does not" (LA)

lá umë

no indeed not, on the contrary

lá umë > laumë negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions"). This is a combination of the negation "not" and the negative verb umë "is not, does not" (LA)

lanna

athwart

lanna prep. "athwart" (PE17:65)

alaië

alaië

alaië, see #1

ala

not

ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation , -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix - (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in ála tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

ala-

not

ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.

pella

beyond

pella "beyond", apparently a postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) In one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used pell' (evidently an elided form of pella) as a _preposition, but this version was abandoned (VT43:13)_

(a)lá

interjection. yes

Changes

  • lá/aláalá ✧ PE17/158

Derivations

  • “interjection of pleasure/assent” ✧ PE17/158; VT42/33
    • AL(A) “good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [lā]✧ PE17/158

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/158; VT42/33
  • alá ✧ PE17/158
  • lá/alá ✧ PE17/158 (lá/alá)
  • ála ✧ PE17/158 (ála)
Quenya [PE17/158; VT42/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

epë

before

epë prep. "before" ("in all relations but time", VT49:32), though the word was glossed "after" when first published (VT42:32; Bill Welden, the writer of the article in question, later presented this correction in VT44:38). The preposition can indeed express "after" when used of time, since the Eldar imagined future time (time that comes after the present) as being "before" them (VT49:12, 32); epë is in this respect a variant of apa, q.v. (Cf. VT49:22.) Compare epessë, q.v. Epë "before" may also be used in comparison (PE17:56, 57), apparently in much the same way as #2 (q.v.) (VT42:32)

han

beyond

han prep. "beyond" (compare the _postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)_

before

(3) prep. "before" (of time, compare nóvo), "at back" (of spatial relationships). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning "after" (of time) or "in front" (of space). (VT49:32).

opo

before, in front of

opo prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships); "after" (of time), also , po or pono, poto (VT49:12, VT44:36, evidently a variant of apa).

po

before, in front of

po, prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships) "after" (of time), also opo or pono, poto- (VT49:12, 32, VT44:36; evidently a variant of apa)

day

noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short - in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

han

preposition. beyond

Derivations

  • HAN “add to, increase, enhance, enrich, honour (especially by gift); give” ✧ VT43/14

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
HAN > han[han]✧ VT43/14

mecin

adverb. please

Element in

Variations

  • mekin ✧ PE22/166

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ), q.v.

fasta-

verb. please

Quenya [PE 22:119,124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

opo

before, ahead, in front of

Quenya [PE 22:168] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tar

beyond

tar (2) prep. "beyond" (FS)

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare , which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.