no

preposition. under

no

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nosdiligand

masculine name. Nosdiligand

Leader of the “people of the Delta” among the forces gathered to defend Minas Tirith, appearing in a rough outline from Tolkien’s initial work on Book V of The Lord of the Rings (WR/252). Above this name, Tolkien wrote Northiligand as a possible replacement (WR/266 note #24). According to Christopher Tolkien, this character appeared nowhere other than this outline (WR/255). The meaning of this name is unclear.

nos feanor

proper name. *House of Feanor

A name appearing only in The Etymologies from the 1930s (EtyAC/NŌ), a combination of noss “clan, family, ‘house’” and Feanor, so meaning “✱House of Feanor”. It replaced a deleted form Nos Chweanor, apparently containing a mutated form of Feanor.

norn

adjective. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted”, derived from the root ᴹ√SNUR “twist” (Ety/SNUR).

norn

adjective. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted

nod-

verb. to tie

A verb glossed “tie” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, appearing as nud- under the root ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” (Ety/NUT) but as nod- under the entry for the root ᴹ√WŌ, where Tolkien said it coalesced with N. nod- “count” in Exhilic Noldorin (Ety/WŌ). Since [[s|short [u] generally became [o]]] in Sindarin and Noldorin, it seems nud- was an archaic form and the modern form was nod- “to tie”, crowding out nod- “count” which in turn was replaced by other independent verbs like N. gonod- “to count (up)”, though nod “count” survived as an element in compounds (Ety/NOT, WŌ).

nordh

adjective. cord

A noun for “cord” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SNUR “twist” (Ety/SNUR).

nos finrod

proper name. House of Finrod

A name appearing only in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/NŌ), a combination of noss “clan, family, ‘house’” and Finrod, so meaning “House of Finrod”. It replaced a deleted form Nos Chwinrod, apparently containing a mutated form of Finrod (VTE/46 p. 6).

nod-

verb. to count

noroth

noun. giant

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

noer

adjective. sad, lamentable

nor-

verb. *to run

noss

noun. clan, family, ‘house’

nogrod

place name. Dwarfmine, Dwarf-city

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

noer

adjective. sad, lamentable

nora-lim, nora-lim

*run swift, run swift

nordh

noun. cord

norn

adjective. hard

nos

noun. kindred, family, clan

noss

noun. kindred, family, clan

nothlir

noun. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree)

fornobel

place name. Northbury

An earlier name for S. Fornost that appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/147, 296, 304). It seems to be a combination of forn “north” and the lenited form of gobel “town”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.17).

anor

noun. Sun

gonod-

verb. to count, count up, reckon, sum up

mû

interjection. no

al-

prefix. no, not

@@@ the phrase “the only place in Noldorin where the primitive prefix is preserved” was deleted (EtyAC/AR²)

al-

prefix. no, not

alchorin

proper name. Not-of-Kôr

Noldorin term for the Elves “Not of Kôr”, equivalent to ᴹQ. Ilkorin, appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/AR², LA). It also appeared in its plural form Elcheryn. This term appears to be a combination of the negative prefix al-, a mutated form of N. Caur (= ᴹQ. Kôr) and a variant of the adjective suffix -en. In some rejected notes from The Etymologies, Tolkien indicated it was derived from OQ. ḷkor- (EtyAC/LA), so perhaps it was an adaptation of the Quenya term rather than an original Noldorin word.

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, rejected cognate of ᴱQ. Ilkorin was Uchor (PE13/155).

osforod

place name. Northburg

An earlier name for S. Fornost that appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/120, 129). It seems to be a combination of ost “city” and forod “north”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.17).

forannest

place name. North Entrance [?In]

According to Christopher Tolkien, a name for the north gates into the Rammas Echor in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “North entrance [?in]” where the last word is obscure (WR/354). The same notes contained the rejected forms fornest and Anfornest, along with the words nesta, nethra and nest, the last with a difficult-to-read gloss, apparently “?heart, core” (WR/357, note #18). The other elements of this name seem to be the prefixal form for- of forn “north” and a reduced form of annon “gate”.

forodrim

collective name. Northmen

A term for the “Northmen” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of forod “north” and the class-plural suffix -rim (Ety/PHOR).

hniof

noun. noose, snare

A word appearing as N. {nû >>} hniof/hnuif “noose, snare” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from ON. sniuma/snȳma under the root ᴹ√SNEW “entangle” (Ety/SNEW; EtyAC/SNEW). Even in the 1930s its phonetic developments were quite peculiar: see the entry on how [[os|[eu] became [iu]]] in (Old) Sindarin for further details.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Sindarin phonology, this word would become ᴺS. nŷw “noose, snare”, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

nem

noun. nose

A word for “nose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, with archaic form nemb and derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). The mb is a result of the Old Noldorin change of labialized velars into labials (ñw > ñgw > mb), a sound change that also occurred in Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: Similar but earlier “nose” words include G. nûn {“a nostril” >>} “a nose (of men only)” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61) and ᴱN. {nheth >>} neth “nose” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/151).

uvanwaith

place name. Nomenlands

The “Nomenlands” between the Border Hills (later called Emyn Muil) and Mordor in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/281). The initial element ú- is probably the negative suffix, and the final element is probably a lenited variant of gweith used of both people and lands, but the meaning of the middle element is unclear. Roman Rausch suggested it might be anw “male” or a lenited form of man “someone” (EE/2.42).

forlorn

place name. North Haven

forod

noun. north

forodren

adjective. northern

forodweith

place name. Northmen, Northland

forven

noun. north

hithui

noun. November, *Misty-one

sinnarn

noun. novel tale

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, royal

fervein

adjective. northern

forod

noun. north

forodren

adjective. northern

forodrim

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. Northmen

forodweith

noun. Northmen

forven

noun. north

hniof

noun. noose

nem

noun. nose

nemb

noun. nose

sinnarn

noun. novel tale

bunn

noun. snout, nose; cape [of land]

A word appearing as N. bunn “snout, nose, cape” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶mbundu under the root ᴹ√MBUD “project” (Ety/MBUD).

Neo-Sindarin: In keeping with the principle that nd remained “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), I would adapt this word as ᴺS. bund for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. I would use it primarily for the noses of animals, and only metaphorically as a cape of land.

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine; high

farn

adjective. enough

golodh

noun. one of the wise folk, Gnome

inc

noun. guess, idea, notion

ist

noun. lore, knowledge, lore, knowledge; [G.] feeling, sensation; notion

uvan

pronoun. *noone, nobody

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brandir

masculine name. *Noble-man

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

bund

noun. snout, nose

bunn

noun. snout, nose

dadben

adverb/adjective. downhill, inclined, prone, downhill, inclined, prone; [ᴱN.] (figuratively) easy-going, easy, not arduous

farn

adjective. enough

forn

noun. right, north

forodwaith

noun. the lands of the North

forodweith

noun. the lands of the North

inc

noun. guess, idea, notion

ist

noun. lore, knowledge

ista-

verb. to have knowledge

rhaudh

adjective. hollow, cavernous

doron

noun. oak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√DORON (Ety/DÓRON).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. Dorna “ilex, holm oak” (GL/30), cognate of ᴱQ. norne “oak-tree” which was derived from the early root ᴱ√NOŘO [NDOÐO?] in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/67). The Gnomish word became dorn “oak” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document (PE13/113). See ᴱN. gorw “oak” for other early “oak” words.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien introduced words S. norð and Q. nordo “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25). I prefer the form Q. norno “oak” as better-established and more etymologically interesting. I would thus use [N.] doron “oak” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, which make it easier for us to retain N. nordh “cord” as well (Ety/SNUR).

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence

edonna-

verb. to beget

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “beget”, a combination of ed- “out” and a verb form of the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use this verb to refer primarily to the actions of the father, and use S. onna- “✱to give birth to” to refer to actions of the mother.

anw

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

car(dh)

noun. house, house, *construction, structure

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ > ei > ai > ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

mirion

proper name. Silmaril

A Noldorin name for the Silmarils appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/MIR), some kind of elaboration on mîr “jewel”.

nâr

noun. rat

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “rat” derived from primitive ᴹ✶nyadrō under the root ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw” (Ety/NYAD). Tolkien gave the intermediate form naðr, but it is not clear why the ð vanished; compare N. nadhor “pasture” < ᴹ√NAD (< ✱nadrō?), and indeed Tolkien had a variant archaic form naðor “rat” which shows the normal phonetic developments (EtyAC/NYAD).

pesseg

noun. pillow

A noun for “pillow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWES having to do with feathers (Ety/KWES).

silevril

proper name. Silmaril

Noldorin term for a Silmaril appearing in Silmarillion drafts and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/202; Ety/MIR, RIL, SIL). It is a combination of silef “silver, shining white” and the root ᴹ√RIL “glitter”.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the Gnomish equivalent of Silmaril was Silubrilt (GL/67), a combination of Sil “Moon” and brithla “pearl” (LT1A/Silmarilli).

nauth

noun. thought

naw

noun. idea

nœdia-

verb. to count

nûr

noun. race

a

conjunction. and

ar

conjunction. and

cadloer

noun. July, *After-summer

dad

adverb. down

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

fingolfin

masculine name. Magical Skill

galadh

noun. tree

goll

adjective. wise

golw

noun. lore

naug

noun. Dwarf

naur

noun. flame

nawag

noun. Dwarf

nô

noun. thigh

A word for “thigh” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in the (deleted) entry for the root ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W (EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W).

orn

noun. tree

sail

adjective. wise

-in

suffix. plural suffix

adel

preposition. behind, in rear (of)

alag

adjective. rushing, impetuous

amar

noun. earth

amar

noun. Earth

ambar

noun. earth

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

noun. hill

anaur

noun. Sun

ang

noun. iron

ang

noun. iron

angol

noun. deep lore, magic

angos

noun. horror

angren

adjective. of iron

bara

adjective. fiery

bara

adjective. eager

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

beleriand

place name. Beleriand

benn

noun. man, male

beren

adjective. bold

beren

masculine name. Bold

beren

adjective. bold

bertha-

verb. to dare

bess

noun. (young) woman

bess

noun. wife

braig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

brand

adjective. high (in size)

brann

adjective. high (in size)

breig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

brui

adjective. loud

bund

noun. cape (of land)

bunn

noun. cape (of land)

cam

noun. hand

cam

noun. hand

camb

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

cann

adjective. bold

cann

adjective. bold

car

noun. house, building

cardh

noun. house, building

celeb

noun. silver

celeb

noun. silver

celebren

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth)

celefn

adjective. of silver

celevon

adjective. of silver

cen-

verb. to see

cerfeth

noun. July

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

côl

noun. gold (metal)

cûl

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

dad

adverb. down, downwards

dadben

adverb. downhill, inclined

dadben

adverb. inclined, prone (to do something)

dadbenn

adverb. downhill, inclined

dadbenn

adverb. inclined, prone (to do something)

dadbenn

adjective. downhill

dangen

noun. slain

dangen

adjective. slain

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

daudh

noun. pit

del

noun. fear, disgust, loathing, horror

del

noun. horror

deleb

adjective. horrible, abominable, loathsome

dess

noun. young woman

doll

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dolt

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

doron

noun. oak

dî

noun. woman, lady

dîr

noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)

dôl

noun. head

dôl

noun. hill or mountain

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

dûr

adjective. dark

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

edonna-

verb. to beget

edra-

verb. to open

edro

verb. open!

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

feir

noun. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. right-handed

fœir

noun. right (hand)

galadh

noun. tree

gammas

noun. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar)

glaur

noun. gold

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

goll

adjective. wise

golwen

adjective. wise, learned in deep arts

goroth

noun. horror

goroth

noun. horror

gosta-

verb. to fear exceedingly

gwaew

noun. wind

gwaew

noun. wind

gwann

adjective. departed, dead

gwedh-

verb. to bind

hall

adjective. exalted, high

hethw

adjective. foggy, obscure, vague

ind

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

inn

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

lhach

noun. (leaping) flame

lhaden

adjective. open, cleared

lhae

noun. great number

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lhebed

noun. finger

Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber

lhebed

noun. finger

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

mallen

adjective. of gold, golden

malt

noun. gold (as metal)

malthen

adjective. of gold, golden

mela-

verb. to love

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

mindon

noun. tower

mirion

noun. great jewel, Silmaril

muin

adjective. secret

mîdh

noun. dew

mîdh

noun. dew

mîr

noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure

mûl

noun. slave, thrall

mō

noun. hand

ON. hand

narbeleth

noun. October

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nass

noun. angle or corner

naugl

noun. dwarf

naugol

noun. dwarf

naur

noun. flame

naur

noun. fire

nauth

noun. thought

naw

noun. idea

nawag

noun. Dwarf

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nud-

verb. to tie, bind

nuin

preposition. under the

nâr

noun. rat

nîd

adjective. damp, wet, tearful

nórui

noun. June, *Fiery

nûr

noun. race

nœdia-

verb. to count

orch

noun. Goblin, Orc

orch

noun. goblin

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

panna-

verb. to open, to enlarge

penedh

noun. Elf

peng

noun. bow (for shooting)

penn

noun. Elf

pesseg

noun. pillow

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

Meaning rectified according to VT/46:10

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

rhoss

noun. rain

rhoss

noun. rain

rhuin

noun. fire

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

rosta-

verb. to hollow out, excavate

síla

verb. (he) shines white

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

tar-

adjective. tough, stiff

tara

adjective. tough, stiff

taur

adjective. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime

thela

noun. point (of spear)

then

pronoun. this

thia

verb. it appears

thurin

adjective. secret, hidden

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tindu

noun. starry twilight

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

tol-

verb. to come

tuilin

noun. swallow (bird)

tuilind

noun. swallow (bird)

tuilinn

noun. swallow (bird)

tund

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

ûr

noun. fire, heat

ûr

noun. fire