oro (1) noun "mount, mountain" (PE17:64), cf. Qenya oro noun "hill" (LT1:256; rather ambo in LotR-style Quenya, though #oro "mountain, hill" appears in Orocarni and orofarnë, q.v. [PE17:83], also with the meaning "high" in oromar, q.v.) Cf. oro- element "up, aloft" (PE17:64).
Quenya
oro-
rise
oro-
prefix. up, aloft
Element in
- Q. oromar “lofty hall, high-mansion, high (lofty) dwelling” ✧ PE17/064
oro
mount, mountain
oro
noun. mount, mountain, hill
An element meaning “mountain” or “hill” given as a derivative of √ORO/RŌ (PE17/64, 83) and appearing in various Quenya compounds in the 1950s and 60s: Q. Orocarni “Red Mountains” (MR/77), Q. Orofarnë “Mountain Ash” (PE17/83), Q. oromandi “mountain dweller[s]” (PE16/96), and Q. Pelóri “Mountain Wall” (PE17/26). It also appeared as ᴱQ. oro “hill” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70).
See the discussion in the entry for Q. oron “mountain” for more details on the conceptual developments of this and related words.
Derivations
- √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ PE17/063
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √OR/ORO > oro [oro] ✧ PE17/063
orto
noun. mount, mountain, hill, [ᴹQ.] mountain-top; [Q.] mount, mountain
A word meaning “mount, mountain” given as a derivative of √ORO/RŌ in Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/64). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. orto “mountain-top” appeared as a derivative of the root ᴹ√OROT (Ety/ÓROT).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think it is best to use orto with its 1930s sense “mountain-top”, and use Q. oron for “mountain”; see that entry for more details on the conceptual developments of this and related words.
Cognates
- S. orod “mountain” ✧ PE17/064
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √OR/ORO > orto [orto] ✧ PE17/063
orta-
rise
orta- vb. "rise", also transitive "raise, lift up", pa.t. ortanë (Nam, RGEO:67, ORO; misreading "ortani" in Letters:426). According to PE17:63-64, this pa.t. form ortanë is only transitive ("raised"), whereas the intransitive pa.t. ("rose") is orontë. Cf. orya-.
orta-
verb. to rise
Derivations
- √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ PE17/063
Element in
- Q. Eldar oronter “the Elves arose” ✧ PE21/77
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √OR/ORO > órta- [orta-] ✧ PE17/063 Variations
- orta ✧ PE17/052; PE22/164
- órta- ✧ PE17/064
- ortă ✧ PE22/157
orya-
rise
orya- vb. "rise" (intrasitive only, contrast orta-), pa.t. oronyë (PE17:64)
orya-
verb. to rise
Derivations
- √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ PE17/063; PE22/156; PE22/163
- ✶orya- “to rise” ✧ PE22/157
- √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ PE22/134
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √OR/ORO > óryă [orja-] ✧ PE17/063 √OR > orya [orja-] ✧ PE22/156 ✶or-ṓryā̆ye > or-ṓryeı̯e > orórie [orōrjaje] > [orōrjie] > [orōrie] ✧ PE22/157 √oro/ro > orya- [orja-] ✧ PE22/163 Variations
- óryă ✧ PE17/064
- orya ✧ PE22/156; PE22/157
- orya- ✧ PE22/163
Orocarni
the red mountains
Orocarni noun "the Red Mountains", place-name: literally rather *"Mountain-Reds": a plural form of carnë "red" with the element oro- "mountain" or "high" prefixed (Silm)
orta/orya
verb. rise
am-
up
am- (1) prefix "up" (AM2)
am-
prefix. up, up, [ᴱQ.] upwards
Derivations
- √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”
Element in
ambo
hill, rising ground
ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.
umbo
hill, lump, clump, mass
umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)
tundo
hill, mound
tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)
ambona
noun. hill
Túna
hill, mound
Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".
amba
up, upwards
amba 1) adv. "up, upwards" (AM2, PE17:157). Apparently also ama (UNU).
amu
up, upwards
amu adv. "up, upwards" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya amba)
ama
up
ama adv.? element not glossed, evidently meaning "up" like the prefix am-, or an alternative form of amba (UNU)
amba
adverb. up
amun
hill
amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)
tyulya-
verb. to rise
Derivations
- ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall”
oro- (2) vb. "rise" (LT1:256; Tolkien's later Quenya has orta-, but cf. oro #1)