raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

raw

noun. lion

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

raw

rush

(noun, roaring noise) 1) raw (pl. roe, idh roe)

raw

lion

*raw (pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(esp. river-bank) raw (pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

roaring noise

raw (rush), pl. roe (idh roe);

raw

roaring noise

raw (rush), pl. roe (idh roe)

raw

bank

(pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

roaring noise

(rush), pl. roe (idh roe);

raw

rush

(pl. roe, idh roe)

raw

noun. lion

raw

lion

(pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

raun

noun. Moon

A word for “moon”, equivalent of Q. Rána, attested in later writings only as the element -rawn in the archaic form S. †cýrawn “new-moon”, in modern speech cýron (VT48/7). Based on its use in this word, as well as in N. cúran “crescent moon” [ᴺS. cúron], it seems this is the ordinary word for “Moon” (or “moon”) as a celestial body, as opposed to S. Ithil which is the proper name of the moon, equivalent to English “Luna”. Raun is derived from primitive ✶rānā from the root √RAN “wander”, and hence originally meant something like “Wanderer”, though its Quenya equivalent is usually translated “Wayward”.

Conceptual Development: A very similar form G. Rân “the moon” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/64), as well as ᴱN. rán “moon” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/152), though in this period its etymology is unclear. It appeared as N. Rhân “Moon” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” (Ety/RAN), but in this period its Quenya equivalent was ᴹQ. Rana with short a. In later writings the Quenya form became Q. Rána, requiring a change to S. Raun since ancient ā became au in Sindarin.

ithil

noun. Moon

The usual name for the Moon in Sindarin, from an augmented form of the root √THIL (Let/425; Ety/THIL). This word is most likely the proper name of the Moon, analogous to English “Luna”: in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien indicated Ithil was a “poetic name”. Compare this to S. Raun “Wanderer”, which is more descriptive of the nature of the body and hence closer to “Moon” (and “moon”).

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this name seems to be G. Thilim “Moon” in an early list of names (PE14/13). This became G. {Thil >>} Sil “Rose of Silpion, Moon” (GL/67, 72) and G. {Thilmos >>} Silma in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/33, 67), both derivatives of the early root ᴱ√SILI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sil). The name Ithil first appeared in early versions of the tales of Númenor from the 1930s (LR/41).

lhôn

noun. noise

A word for “noise” appearing in a list of roots for sound words from 1959-60, derived from the root √(S)LON (PE17/138).

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

asgeb

adjective. bony

ithil

moon

(= ”the sheen”)

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

raun

moon

(pl. roen, idh roen), coll. pl. ronath. Cf. the ending -ron at the end of month-names. Raun is basically the adj. ”straying, wandering” used as a noun, hence identifying the Moon as ”the Wanderer”. – The ”Noldorin” form rhân presupposes a different primitive form and may not correspond to S ✱rân as would normally be supposed.

rib

rush

(verb) rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)

rib

rush

(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

rāw

noun. lion

rānā

noun. moon

srāban

noun. wild beast

The primitive form of S. rhovan is attested in two different forms: ✶srāban < √SRAB (PE17/78) and ✶roban < √DROB or √SROB (PE17/99). Only the first of these could be the primitive of the attested Quenya cognate hravan.

rhaw

noun. lion

A noun appearing as N. rhaw “lion” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW (Ety/RAW), where the initial r was unvoiced to rh as was generally the case in Noldorin. It had a Noldorin plural form of rhui.

Conceptual Development: G. rau “lion” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA like its cognate ᴱQ. rau “lion” (QL/79).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. raw “lion” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Its Sindarin-style plural is more likely to be roe(w) rather than ✱✱rui: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

A noun given as N. rhaw “bank, especially of a river” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a derivative of the root ᴹ√RAB, also the basis for N. rham “wall” (Ety/RAMBĀ; EtyAC/RAMBĀ).

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this would would become ᴺS. raw as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I think it is better still to use the less ambiguous N. duirro for “river bank” given the other homonyms for S. raw.

rhaw

noun. lion

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

ithil

noun. Moon

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

rhân

noun. Moon

rá

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had rú “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. rá “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from this period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

rávë

noun. roaring noise

A noun for a “roaring noise” in the glossary for the 1960s version of the Q. Markirya poem (MC/223), probably derived from the root ᴹ√RAW.

rá

lion

rá (2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. †rá (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

ráma

noun. wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm

The Quenya word for “wing”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAM (PE17/63; Ety/RAM).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. ráma “wing” was derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The word appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings with the gloss “wing”, though at one point in the 1920s it was glossed both “arm, wing” (PE16/137), and in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s it was given as the Qenya word meaning “arm”, but this was revised to ᴱQ. ranko (PE15/79). The use of ráma for “arm” was a brief and rejected idea, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ráma “wing” was transferred to a new root ᴹ√RAM, while ᴹQ. ranko “arm” remained under ᴹ√RAK “stretch out” (Ety/RAK, RAM).

alaco

rush, rushing flight, wild wind

alaco ("k")noun "rush, rushing flight, wild wind" (VT45:5 cf. ÁLAK)

hlóna

noise

hlóna (1) noun "a noise" (VT48:29, PE17:138). Also hlón.

hravan

wild beast

hravan noun "wild beast"; pl.Hravani "the Wild", used as a name of non-Edain Men (PE17:78, WJ:219). PE17:18 has Hrávani with a long á, glossed "Wild-men, Savages".

hravan

noun. wild beast

A word for a “wild beast” in notes from the mid-1960s, derived from the root √S-RAB “wild, in senses not tamed, domesticated” (PE17/78), hence meaning “wild animal” vs. a “tamed animal”, which would probably be Q. laman.

ran

noise

ran (ram-) noun "noise" (LT1:259, QL:79)

rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to rá, q.v.)

rauro

noun. lion

lion

ráma

wing

ráma noun "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in LotR-style Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v.

ráva

bank

ráva (2) noun "bank" (especially of a river) (RAMBĀ)

rávë

roaring noise

rávë noun "roaring noise" (Markirya)

rá†

noun. lion

lion

axula

adjective. bony

yur-

verb. to run

nîlu

noun. moon

A noun translated as “moon” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/431). It appears with both a short and long final -u, but Tolkien indicated that the form with long û is actually the personified form Nîlû “Man in the Moon” (SD/426), perhaps the Adûnaic name of Tilion. Tolkien also listed the “later forms Nil, Njūl” (SD/306), one of which may be the Westron word for “moon”, most likely Wes. nil. Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/NUL) that this noun may be related to nûlo/nûlu/nâlu, but given the evil connotations of these words (SD/306) and the different stem vowels, this seems unlikely to me.