Quenya 

saccantë

rent

saccantë ("k")vb. "rent" (past tense of an otherwise unattested verb #saccata- "rend"?) (SD:246)

narca-

to rend

narca- ("k")vb. "to rend" (NÁRAK; the form "narki" in LR is a misreading for narka; see VT45:37)

rinda

circular

rinda adj. "circular" (RIN)

nírë

tear

nírë noun "tear" (NEI)

rac-

break

rac- ("k")vb. "break", past participle rácina ("k") "broken" in Markirya

rissë

cut

rissë noun? The word is not clearly glossed but apparently means "cut" or "cleft" (ravine), the cognate of the final element of Imladris, Sindarin name of Rivendell. (PE17:87)

rac-

verb. to break

Cognates

  • ᴺS. rag- “to break asunder, burst, *break, shatter”

Derivations

  • √RAK “break”

Element in

  • Q. racina “stripped, deprived” ✧ VT39/06
  • Q. rácina “broken” ✧ MC/222; MC/223
  • ᴺQ. racon “cobblestone, (lit.) broken stone”
  • ᴺQ. vestaracië “adultery, (lit.) marriage-breaking”

Variations

  • rak- ✧ MC/223
Quenya [MC/222; MC/223; VT39/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nië

tear

nië noun "tear" (NEI, VT45:38, LT1:262, LT2:346); apparently níe in MC:221

Niélë

tear

Niélë fem. name (meaning unclear, cf. nië "tear"?), diminutive Nieliccilis ("k") noun "little Niéle" (MC:215; PE16:96). This may suggest that Niélë has the stem-form *Niéli-.

rista

cut

rista (2) noun "cut" (RIS), cf. #1 above.

narcë

noun. *rend, tear; [ᴱQ.] snap of a dog; spiteful remark

Cognates

  • S. narch “bitter-biting”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NARAK “tear, rend (tr. and intr.)”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Sindarin 

rend

adjective. circular

Sindarin [Ety/383, VT/46:11, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

redh-

verb. to sow

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Rest

noun. cut

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rista-

verb. to rend, rip

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nîn

noun. tear, tear; [ᴱN.] weeping

Element in

  • S. Nínedhel “?Tear(ful) Elf”
  • S. Níniel “Tear-maiden” ✧ S/219
  • ᴺS. ninna- “to weep, *cry (tears)”

Variations

  • Nín ✧ S/219 (Nín)

rista-

verb. to cut

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

narcha

rend

(i narcha, in narchar)

narcha

rend

narcha- (i narcha, in narchar)

rend

adjective. circular

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

rend

circular

(pl. rind) (VT46:11)

rend

noun. male cousin, relative

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin, kinsman, *relative”

Derivations

  • ᴺ✶. RE(N)D “kinsman, *cousin”

Element in

  • ᴺS. bethren “brother in law, kinsman by marriage”

redh

sow

redh- (i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

redh

sow

(i rêdh, idh redhir), pa.t. rend

Rest

cut

(noun) 1) rest (ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist), 2) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

corn

circular

1) corn (round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle", 2) rend (pl. rind) (VT46:11),

corn

circular

(round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle"

rest

cut

(ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist)

ristannen

adjective. cut

Elements

WordGloss
rista-“to cut; to rend, rip”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

cerin

circular raised mound

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular enclosure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

rista-

verb. to cut; to rend, rip

Element in

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

nîr

tear

_(noun) _1) nîr (construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”

nîr

tear

(construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”

nírnaeth

tear-gnashing

; no distinct pl. form. 2) nîn; no distinct pl. form; pl. níniath. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

criss

cut

(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

nínui

5~B5hJ adjective. tearful

Nîn (tear) + -ui (full, having that quality).

Sindarin [Elfdict.com] Published by

Adûnaic

rahat-

verb. to break, rend

A verb appearing in the Lament of Akallabêth with the past-tense translations “broke” and “rent” (SD/247, VT24/12), so meaning “to break, rend”. In the final version of the Lament it appeared as yurahtam “they rent”. The initial element of this form is the 3rd persons masculine plural suffix yu- “they”, while its final element is the plural verbal suffix -m, both in agreement with the plural subject Bârîm “Lords”. This leaves the basic verb form rahta, which is the aorist tense according to the theories used here.

In the previous (second draft) version of the Lament, the verb form was urahta with the 3rd persons masculine singular suffix u- “he”, and no plural suffix -m. This is consistent with the subject in this version, which was the singular Bârun “Lord”.

Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (AAD/22) that this verb may be related to Q. rac- “to break” (MC/223). It could also be related to the contemporaneous ᴹQ. hat- “to break asunder” (Ety/SKAT).

Conceptual Development: In the first draft of the Lament, the form was rakkhatū, indicating the earliest form of the verb may have had the verb stem rakhat- instead of later rahat-.

Element in

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/311; SD/312; VT24/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

rak Reconstructed

root. break

This root appeared as ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. rakta- “pile, hoard, amass, collect” and ᴱQ. rakte “pile, heap” (QL/78). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, there are similar forms with different meanings: G. ractha “breach” and G. rag- “break asunder, burst” (GL/64). This conceptual shift from “pile up” to “✱break” is supported by the word ᴱQ. ranka “broken” in drafts of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya from the end of the 1920s (PE16/77). Q. rak- “break” reappeared in the revised version of that poem from the late 1960s (MC/222-223), implying the root remained valid or (more likely) was abandoned but later restored. Q. rakine “stripped” in phonetic notes from 1959-60 might be related.

Derivatives

  • Q. rac- “to break”
  • ᴺS. raeth “breach, *burst”
  • ᴺS. rag- “to break asunder, burst, *break, shatter”

Noldorin 

narcha-

verb. to rend

Noldorin [Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

narcha-

verb. to rend

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. narka- “to rend” ✧ Ety/NÁRAK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NARAK “tear, rend (tr. and intr.)” ✧ Ety/NÁRAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NÁRAK > narcha-[narka-] > [narkʰa-] > [narxa-]✧ Ety/NÁRAK
Noldorin [Ety/NÁRAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhenn

adjective. circular

Noldorin [Ety/383, VT/46:11, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhenn

adjective. circular

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rinda “circular” ✧ Ety/RIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIN “*circle” ✧ Ety/RIN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIN > rhenn[rinda] > [renda] > [rend] > [r̥end] > [r̥enn]✧ Ety/RIN

Variations

  • rhinn ✧ EtyAC/RIN
Noldorin [Ety/RIN; EtyAC/RIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhedh-

verb. to sow

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhista-

verb. to rend, rip

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rista-

verb. to rend, rip

Derivations

  • On. rista- “rend, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS¹
    • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS¹

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. rista- > risto[rista-]✧ Ety/RIS¹
Noldorin [Ety/RIS¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhest

noun. cut

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhest

noun. cut

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rista “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIS > rhest[rista] > [resta] > [rest] > [r̥est]✧ Ety/RIS²
Noldorin [Ety/RIS²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

breitha-

verb. to break out suddenly

Noldorin [Ety/352] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nîn

noun. tear

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nîn

noun. tear

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶neinē “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
    • ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI
  • ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Element in

  • N. Níniel “Tear-maiden; Tearful”
  • N. niniel “tearful” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • N. nínui “*tearful”
  • N. nínim “snowdrop” ✧ Ety/NEI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶neinē > nîn[neinē] > [neine] > [nīne] > [nīn]✧ Ety/NEI

Variations

  • nî ✧ EtyAC/NEI (nî)
Noldorin [Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

osgar-

verb. to cut round, to amputate

Noldorin [Ety/379] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhista-

verb. to cut

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

narka-

verb. to rend

Cognates

  • N. narcha- “to rend” ✧ Ety/NÁRAK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NARAK “tear, rend (tr. and intr.)” ✧ Ety/NÁRAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NÁRAK > narka[narka-]✧ Ety/NÁRAK

Variations

  • narka ✧ Ety/NÁRAK
  • narki ✧ EtyAC/NÁRAK
Qenya [Ety/NÁRAK; EtyAC/NÁRAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rinda

adjective. circular

Cognates

  • N. rhenn “circular” ✧ Ety/RIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIN “*circle” ✧ Ety/RIN

Elements

WordGloss
rinde“circle”
-a“adjectival suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIN > rinda[rinda]✧ Ety/RIN

askat-

verb. to rend, break asunder

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAT “break asunder”

Element in

Qenya [SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sakkat-

verb. to rend, break asunder

nie

noun. tear

Cognates

  • N. nîr “tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴹ✶neinē “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
    • ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI

Element in

  • ᴺQ. nienaitë “tearful”
  • Q. nieninquë “snowdrop, snowdrop, [ᴹQ.] (lit.) white tear”
  • ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • Q. Nienna “Lady of Pity and Mourning”
  • ᴹQ. Nienna ✧ Ety/NEI
  • Q. Nienor “Mourning”
  • ᴹQ. Nienor “Sorrowful, Mourning”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NEI̯ > níre[neire] > [nīre]✧ Ety/NEI
ᴹ√NEI̯ > nie[neje] > [nie]✧ Ety/NEI
ᴹ✶neñē > neʒe > nie[neŋe] > [neɣe] > [neje] > [nie]✧ EtyAC/NEI

Variations

  • níre ✧ Ety/NEI
Qenya [Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI; PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rista

noun. cut

Cognates

  • N. rhest “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²
  • Ilk. rest “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIS > rista[rista]✧ Ety/RIS²

Doriathrin

rest

noun. cut

A noun meaning “a cut” derived from the root ᴹ√RIS (Ety/RIS²). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. rista suggests a primitive form ✱✶ristā, where the [i] became [e] due to Ilkorin a-affection, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/rest).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rista “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIS > rest[ristā] > [rista] > [resta] > [rest]✧ Ety/RIS²
Doriathrin [Ety/RIS²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

rista-

verb. rend, rip

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS¹

Derivatives

  • N. rista- “to rend, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS¹

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RIS > rista-[rista-]✧ Ety/RIS¹
Old Noldorin [Ety/RIS¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

skar

root. tear, rend

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tear, rend” with derivatives like ᴹQ. harna-/N. parch “to wound” and ᴹQ. harwe/N. harw “wound” (Ety/SKAR).

Derivatives

  • Ilk. esgar “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹ✶askarā “tearing, hastening” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • Ilk. ascar “violent, rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • ᴺQ. ascara “violent, rushing, impetuous”
    • N. asgar “violent, rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹ✶skarnā “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • ᴹQ. harna “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • N. harn “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹ✶skarwē “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • ᴹQ. harwe “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
    • N. harw “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹQ. harna- “to wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴺS. escar “weapon”
  • N. harna- “to wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR

Variations

  • SKAR ✧ Ety/SKAR
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SKAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ney

root. tear

Tolkien used similar forms throughout his life for Elvish words connected to “tears”, the most enduring being Q. Nienna “Lady of Pity and Mourning” and S. nirnaeth as in Nirnaeth Arnoediad “[Battle of] Tears Unnumbered”. The first manifestation of this root was as ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” and ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though Tolkien considered moving all the derivatives of ᴱ√NYE(NE) to ᴱ√NYEHE (QL/68). Nonetheless it seems the distinction survived in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon which had both nı̯e and nı̯eχe as primitive forms (GL/59-60). Early derivatives include ᴱQ. nyé “bleat” and ᴱQ. nyéni “she-goat” along with ᴱQ. nyére/G. nîr “grief” and ᴱQ. nie/G. nîn “tear”, the last of these appearing in G. Nínin-Udathriol, the earliest name of S. Nirnaeth Arnoediad.

The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√NEI̯ “tear” (Ety/NEI), though Tolkien considered and rejected alternate roots ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEI) and ᴹ√NEI̯(ET) “moist” (NEI̯(ET)), the latter becoming the primitive word ᴹ✶neiti > ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy” and N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful”. Other derivatives include ᴹQ. nie “tear”/N. nîn “tear” (same as the forms from the 1910s) as well as N. nírnaeth “lamentation” (Ety/NEI). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. Nienna (S/28) and S. nirnaeth (S/192) in later versions of the Silmarillion indicate this root’s ongoing validity.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think some of the Quenya nye- forms from the 1910s might be salvaged as abnormal vocalization from n(e)ye- < √NEY.

Changes

  • NEÑ → NEI̯ ✧ Ety/NEI

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶neinē “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI
    • ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
    • N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴹ✶neiti “moist, dewy” ✧ Ety/NEI
    • ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy, moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)” ✧ Ety/NEI
    • N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴹ✶neñrē “tear, weeping” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
    • N. nîr “tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
  • ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴺQ. níta- “to weep, cry [tears]”
  • ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy, moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)” ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET)
  • ᴺQ. nyé “bleat, cry of goat or sheep”
  • ᴺQ. nyenyë “weeping”
  • ᴺQ. nyérë “grief”
  • N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful” ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET)
  • N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴺS. nínia- “to weep”
  • N. nîr “tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Element in

  • ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴺS. nída- “to weep, cry (tears)”

Variations

  • NEI̯ ✧ Ety/NEI
  • NEI ✧ Ety/NIK-W; EtyAC/NEI
  • NEÑ ✧ EtyAC/NEI (NEÑ); EtyAC/NEI̯(ET) (NEÑ)
  • NEI̯(ET) ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET) (NEI̯(ET))
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NEI; Ety/NIK-W; EtyAC/NEI; EtyAC/NEI̯(ET)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

neinē

noun. tear

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
  • N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Element in

  • ᴹ✶neiniel- “tearful” ✧ Ety/NEI

Variations

  • neñē ✧ EtyAC/NEI (neñē)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kiris

root. cut

Changes

  • KIRÍS → KIRÍS “cut, slash” ✧ Ety/KIRIS

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kirisse “slash, gash” ✧ Ety/KIRIS; EtyAC/KIR
  • N. criss “cleft, cut, slash; pass” ✧ Ety/KIRIS; EtyAC/KIR
  • N. crist “cleaver, sword” ✧ Ety/KIRIS

Elements

WordGloss
KIR“cleave”
RIS“slash, rip”

Variations

  • KIRÍS ✧ Ety/KIRIS; Ety/RIS²; EtyAC/KIR (KIRÍS); EtyAC/KIRIS (KIRÍS)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIRIS; Ety/RIS²; EtyAC/KIR; EtyAC/KIRIS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rista-

verb. cut

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rista- “to cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²
  • N. rhista- “to cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RIS²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

nien(n)

noun. tear

fanc

noun. cut

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FAKA “cut”

nîn

noun. tear

Cognates

  • Eq. nie “tear” ✧ GL/60; LT1A/Nienna

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” ✧ GL/60; LT1A/Nienna
    • ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” ✧ GL/59

Element in

  • G. Nenir ✧ GL/60
  • G. Níniel “Child of Tears” ✧ LT2A/Níniel
  • G. ninna- “to weep” ✧ GL/60; LT2A/Níniel
  • G. ninios “lamentation, dropping of tears” ✧ GL/60; LT2A/Níniel
  • G. Nínin-Udathriol “Unnumbered Tears” ✧ LT2A/Níniel

Variations

  • nien(n) ✧ GL/60
Gnomish [GL/60; LT1A/Nienna; LT2A/Níniel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fagin

adjective. cut

crithog

adjective. circular

Elements

WordGloss
craith“circle”
-og“adjectival suffix”

Variations

  • crithiol ✧ PE13/111
Gnomish [GL/27; PE13/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crithiol

adjective. circular

Early Noldorin

crigen

adjective. circular

Derivations

Early Noldorin [PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nîr

noun. tear

Element in

Variations

  • nír ✧ PE13/151
Early Noldorin [PE13/151] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crithui

adjective. circular

Early Noldorin [PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ḷqḷ

root. rend

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√(U)ḶQ(U)Ḷ and glossed “rend”, having what appears to be unglossed verb forms ᴱQ. ulqin “✱I rend” and alqe “✱rended [past]” as derivatives (QL/97). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • Eq. ulqu- “*to rend” ✧ QL/097

Variations

  • (U)ḶQ(U)Ḷ ✧ QL/097
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sṇkṇ

root. rend, tear

Derivatives

  • Eq. sanka “rend, jab” ✧ QL/085
Early Primitive Elvish [LT2A/Glamhoth; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyeχie

noun. tear

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” ✧ GL/60; QL/068
    • ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” ✧ GL/59

Derivatives

  • Eq. nie “tear” ✧ GL/60; QL/068

Variations

  • nı̯eχie ✧ GL/60
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/60; QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faka Speculative

root. cut

A hypothetical early root to explain words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s such as G. fag- “cut” and G. fanc “cut” (GL/33). It might be related to ᴱ√FḶKḶ “cleave, hew”. There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ulqu-

verb. *to rend

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ḶQḶ “rend” ✧ QL/097

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√(U)ḶQ(U)Ḷ > ulqin[ḷkʷ-] > [ulkʷ-]✧ QL/097
ᴱ√(U)ḶQ(U)Ḷ > alqe[ḹkʷe-] > [alkʷe-]✧ QL/097

Variations

  • ulqin ✧ QL/097
Early Quenya [QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanka

noun. rend, jab

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SṆKṆ “rend, tear” ✧ QL/085

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SṆKṆ > SANKA¹[sṇkā] > [sṇka] > [saŋka]✧ QL/085

Variations

  • SANKA¹ ✧ QL/085
Early Quenya [QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nie

noun. tear

Cognates

  • G. nîn “tear” ✧ GL/60; LT1A/Nienna

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶nyeχie “tear” ✧ GL/60; QL/068
    • ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” ✧ GL/60; QL/068
    • ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” ✧ GL/59
  • ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” ✧ LT1A/Nienna
    • ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” ✧ GL/59

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶nı̯eχie > nie[nʲexiē] > [nʲexie] > [nʲeɣie] > [nʲeie] > [nʲie] > [nie]✧ GL/60
ᴱ✶nyeχie > nie[nʲexiē] > [nʲexie] > [nʲeɣie] > [nʲeie] > [nʲie] > [nie]✧ QL/068

Variations

  • nië ✧ LT1A/Nienna
  • níe ✧ MC/221
Early Quenya [GL/60; LT1A/Nienna; LT2A/Nínin-Udathriol; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PE16/143; PME/069; QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by