thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √STAR “*stiff, [ᴹ√] stiff” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√STAR > thar	[star-] > [θar-]	✧ PE22/133

Variations

• thar ✧ PE22/133

tar-

verb. to stand

Cognates

• ᴺS. tar- “to stand”

Derivations

• √TAR “stand”

Element in

• Q. astarindo “bystander; supporter”
• Q. astarmo “bystander; witness”
• ᴺQ. nantar- “to stand back”
• ᴺQ. öatarië “apostasy, (lit.) away-standing”
• Q. sanomë tarnë Olórin, Aracorno, Eomer, Imrahil, mi mísë, mi telepta yo morna, mi laiqua yo ninquë, mi luinë, ta Gimli mi lossëa “There stood Gandalf, Aragorn, Eomer and Imrahil in grey, in silver and black, in green and white, and in blue, and also Gimli in white” ✧ PE17/071

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

Word	Gloss
-ya	“verbal suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√AM > amya	[amja-]	✧ PE17/157

Variations

• amya ✧ PE17/157 (amya)

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/172

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRA-G > asra > arra	[asra] > [azra] > [arra]	✧ PE17/172

arta

across, athwart

arta (4) prep. "across, athwart" (LT2:335), perhaps rather olla in Tolkiens later Quenya.

atta

across, over, lying from side to side

atta (ata-) (4) prep. "across, over, lying from side to side" (VT49:32; it is not quite clear whether this is a Quenya word or not)

cairë

?. [unglossed]

Cognates

• S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101

Derivations

• √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KAYA > caire	[kaire]	✧ PE17/101

Variations

• caire ✧ PE17/101

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √KOM “gather, collect” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

Word	Gloss
-ta	“causative verb suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KOM > conta	[komta-] > [konta-]	✧ PE17/157

Variations

• conta ✧ PE17/157 (conta)

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• S. cû “bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon” ✧ PE17/122

Derivations

• ✶kūma ✧ PE17/122
  • √KU(H) “bow, [ᴱ√] bend”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kūma > cúma	[kūma]	✧ PE17/122

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PHELEK > felca	[pʰelka] > [ɸelka] > [felka]	✧ PE17/118

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

Derivations

• √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PHELEK > felehta	[pʰelektā] > [ɸelektā] > [ɸelextā] > [ɸelextā] > [felextā]	✧ PE17/118

Variations

• felehta ✧ PE17/118

finca

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• S. fing “lock of hair” ✧ PE17/017

Derivations

• ✶phinik ✧ PE17/017
  • √SPIN(ID) “fine thread, filament; hair” ✧ PE17/017

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶finik/fink > finca	[pʰinika] > [pʰinka] > [pʰiŋka] > [ɸiŋka] > [fiŋka]	✧ PE17/017

Variations

• finca ✧ PE17/017

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Q. calma hendas “*light in the eyes” ✧ PMCH/02; TMME/192

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHIN > hindo	[kʰindo] > [xindo] > [hindo]	✧ PE17/157

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHIN > hinde	[kʰinde] > [xinde] > [hinde]	✧ PE17/157

Variations

• hinde ✧ PE17/157 (hinde)

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √SKOL “shut, close” ✧ PE17/098

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHOL > holde	[kʰolde] > [xolde] > [holde]	✧ PE17/098

Variations

• holde ✧ PE17/098

háro

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶khādo ✧ PE22/148
  • √KHAD “sit”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khādo > hāzo > hāro	[kʰādo] > [xādo] > [xāðo] > [hāðo] > [hāro]	✧ PE22/148

Variations

• hāro ✧ PE22/148

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• mahtya ✧ PE19/084 (mahtya)

malsa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶maslā ✧ PE19/101

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶maslā > malsa	[maslā] > [malsā] > [malsa]	✧ PE19/101

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

Derivations

• √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)”

naue

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶ndagwē ✧ PE19/094

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ndagwē > ndau̯we > nau̯we > naue	[ndagwē] > [ndaɣwē] > [ndauwē] > [nauwē] > [naue]	✧ PE19/094

Variations

• nawe ✧ PE19/094 (nawe)

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √SAL “[unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SAL > azálie	[asālie] > [azālie]	✧ PE22/133

sélo

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶steglō ✧ PE19/095

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶steglō > thélo > þélo > sélo	[steglō] > [θeglō] > [θeɣlō] > [θēlō] > [θēlo] > [sēlo]	✧ PE19/095

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶soglā ✧ PE19/095

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶soglā > sóla	[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]	✧ PE19/095

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TOM > tomba	[tomba]	✧ PE17/138

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

Derivations

• √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TOM > tompe	[tompe]	✧ PE17/138

Variations

• tompe ✧ PE17/138

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √UMU “not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems” ✧ PE17/172
  • √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not”

Element in

• Q. umbacarin “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/172

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√UMU > um(ba)	[umba-]	✧ PE17/172

Variations

• um(ba) ✧ PE17/172 (um(ba))

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

éna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶eñna ✧ PE19/097
  • √EÑ “be, exist”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶eñna > enna > éna	[eŋna] > [enna]	✧ PE19/097

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ✶stuknā ✧ PE19/086
  • √STUK “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/086

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶stuknā > thúna	[stuknā] > [stugnā] > [θugnā] > [θuŋnā] > [θūnā] > [θūna] > [sūna]	✧ PE19/086

Variations

• thúna ✧ PE19/086 (thúna)

tyul-

verb. to stand

Derivations

• ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight), stand up (straight); [ᴱ√] tall”