A verb for “to roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Qenya
tó
noun. wool
tópa-
verb. to roof
toron
noun. brother
A noun for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with a somewhat irregular plural torni (Ety/TOR). Its stem form is torn-, since with most inflected forms the Quenya syncope comes into play and the second o is lost.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word háno for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think toron might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as melotorni “love-brother, ✱close male friend” or ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother”. In this sense, háno would be limited to biological relationships, but toron would refer to brotherly (or brother-like) affection.
tópa
noun. roof
A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
yú
adverb. too, too, *also
tul-
verb. to come
nelet
noun. tooth
The normal Quenya word for “tooth”, appearing in The Etymologies written around 1937 derived from the root ᴹ√NELEK of the same meaning (Ety/NÉL-EK), where the final k became t. Its plural form nelki [nelci] indicates a stem form of nelk- [nelc-], since in most inflected forms the word would undergo the Quenya syncope and loose the second e. A variant form nelke (EtyAC/NÉL-EK) may reflect a reformation to align with those inflected forms.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had ᴱQ. nele (neli-) “tooth” under the early root ᴱ√NELE (QL/65), a word also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (PME/65). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. nyat “tooth” (PE16/136), but that seems to have been a transient idea. ᴹQ. nelet first appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from 1936 alongside variant nelke, but it was replaced by nele and then later nelke was deleted as well (PE21/56 and note #12). Both nelet and variant nelke were restored in The Etymologies (see above).
Primitive √nelek “tooth” was mentioned in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, but its Quenya derivatives were not listed.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use nelet (nelc-) “tooth” as the traditional form of this word, with nelcë as a modern variant with more regular inflections.
karka
noun. tooth
nele
noun. tooth
nelke
noun. tooth
nangwa
noun. jaw
A noun for “jaw” The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶nakma under the root ᴹ√NAK “bite” (Ety/NAK). It was possibly displaced by anca “jaw, jaws”, which was also introduced in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but continued to appear in later documents included The Lord of the Rings Appendix E (LotR/1123). However, it might be that nangwa refers to a single “jaw” (upper or lower), while anca refers collectively to both “jaws”.
-nye
suffix. I
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
tanna
adverb. thither
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
aran
noun. king
engwa
?. [unglossed]
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
i
pronoun. that
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nerno
?. [unglossed]
ni
pronoun. I
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
rampa
?. [unglossed]
sa
pronoun. that
sana
adjective. that
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
tár
noun. king
tári
noun. queen
ve
preposition. with
yo
conjunction. and
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
in
pronoun. that
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
niule
?. [unglossed]
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
tante
noun. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
yu
conjunction. and
éma
?. [unglossed]
A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. tô “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. tó “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. tô “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).
Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. tó in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > lū and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain tó “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱tō or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. tô “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.