ui-

prefix. twi-

ui

adverb. ever

ui

noun. envelope (especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls)

ui

noun. envelope

A noun appearing as N. ui “envelope” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. uia < wōia [wǭia] < ᴹ✶wāyā under the root ᴹ√WAY of similar meaning (Ety/WAY). It was used “especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls”. In Noldorin of the 1930s, it seems the normal development of ancient āy was ui, with the initial w vanishing before u: wāyā > wǭia > uia > ui.

Neo-Sindarin: In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s it seems ancient āy became oe, as with goe < ✶gāyā (PM/363). As such the initial w- from ✶wāya would survive to become gw-. Indeed, Tolkien had ancient ✱wāya become gwoe in notes from around 1957 attempting to derive an etymology for gwae “wind” (PE17/34). As such, I would adapt this Noldorin word as ᴺS. gwoe “envelope” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. I would use it in the more general sense of “a thing enveloping something else”, and not just limited to envelopes used for letters.

uinen

feminine name. Uinen

Noldorin name of ᴹQ. Uinen from The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/NEN, UY) derived from the same primitive form ✱✶Uinendă, as indicated by ON. Uinenda and the Quenya stem-form Uindend-.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, her Gnomish name was G. Uinen (GL/74), while her usual Qenya name from this period was ᴱQ. Ónen (LT1/61).

-eb

suffix. adjective suffix

-en

suffix. adjective suffix

-iel

suffix. adjective suffix

-in

suffix. adjective suffix

-ren

suffix. adjective suffix

-rin

suffix. adjective suffix

-ui

suffix. adjective suffix

adwen

noun. [unglossed]

An untranslated word appearing in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the late 1940s or early 1950s (PE23/26). It might be a later iteration of G. adhwen “approach, avenue” from the 1910s, or is perhaps related to S. adu and ᴹQ. atwa “double”.

al-

prefix. no, not

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

noun. hill

bellas

noun. bodily strength

borth

?. [unglossed]

clei

?. [unglossed]

coen

?. [unglossed]

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

diragas

?. [unglossed]

gas

noun. hole, gap

mauth

?. [unglossed]

menwed

?. [unglossed]

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

mindon

noun. tower

mû

interjection. no

nith

?. [unglossed]

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

níth

?. [unglossed]

porennin

?. [unglossed]

tad

cardinal. two

telwen

?. [unglossed]

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair

tund

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

tâd

cardinal. two

tâd

cardinal. two

tû

noun. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength

ui-

prefix. twi-

ui-

prefix. ever

ui

adverb. ever

ui

twi-

(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, both)

ui

ever

ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

ever

(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

always

ui (ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.

ui

always

(ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.

ui

two

(twi-, both).

ui

everlasting

ui (eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

ui

everlasting

(eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

ui

both

(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, twi-);

ui

both

(two, twi-);

ui

twi

(two, both)

-ui

suffix. -ful, having quality, adjective suffix; [as verbal suffix] possibility, suitability, *-able

-ad

suffix. dual

The Sindarin dual was almost certainly derived from the same primitive form ✶ata as the Quenya dual ending -t, indicating this ending was ancient in form. The other Quenya dual, -u, would not have been active in Sindarin since final vowels were lost.

Tolkien stated (Let/427) that this ending was archaic and lost, but did not state when it disappeared. The ending may have still been active in the First Age. The ending appears in the day-name Orgaladhad “Day of the Two Trees”. Since the Sindar had no direct experience with the trees, this word was likely adopted from its Quenya cognate Aldúya when the Noldor and Sindar were reunited.

-eb

suffix. adjective suffix

-en

suffix. adjective suffix

-iel

suffix. adjective suffix

-in

suffix. adjective suffix

-ren

suffix. adjective suffix

@@@ perhaps a later, S-only, innovation

-ui

suffix. having quality

_ adj. suff. _having quality, **ful. With verbal stems, it has implication of possibility or suitability. >> fanui, lithui, úbedui, únodui

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

baw

interjection. no, don't!

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

An untranslated word (adjective?) appearing with Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √KIT and cognate to Q. cinta “small”, so perhaps of similar meaning (PE17/157).

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

An untranslated word (noun?) appearing with Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √KIT or √KIN and cognate to Q. cinta “small”, so perhaps of similar meaning (PE17/157).

gornod

adjective. hard to count

_ adj. _hard to count.

gornod(ui)

adjective. hard to count

hand

noun. [unglossed]

him

adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding

lend

noun. journey

lenn-

noun. journey

madu

?. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

tad

cardinal. two

tâd

cardinal. two

tâd

cardinal. two

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

amon

hill

1. amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

ath

on both sides

(across)

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

bellas

bodily strength

(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

dath

hole

1. dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

gwoe

noun. envelope

gú

no, not

also ú

lae-

verb. to not be

lembas

journey-bread

(way-bread), pl. lembais

lend

journey

lend (way), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”.

lend

journey

(way), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”.

lîdh

noun. journey

A neologism for “journey” coined by Elaran in a private Discord chat from 2019-08-07, based on ✱lēde < √LED “go, proceed”; see also N. ledh- “to go, fare, travel”. Noun forms with long vowels that correspond to basic verbs with short vowels are fairly common in Sindarin, for example: N. mîl n. “love” vs. S. mel- v. “to love”; N. glîr n. “song” vs. N. glir- “to sing”. A direct cognate of Q. lenda “journey” would be ᴺS. lend or lenn, but the form ᴺS. lend already exists as an adjective for “tuneful, sweet”.

och

noun. egg

tad-dal

two-legged

(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

tâd

cardinal. two

1. tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).

tâd

two

(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)

tû

strength

(physical strength) tû (i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath.

tû

strength

(i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. t**ui  (i thui), coll. pl. túath**.

tû

muscle

tû (i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath

tû

muscle

(i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath**

tû

sinew

tû (i dû, o thû) (muscle, vigour, physical strength), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath

tû

sinew

(i dû, o thû) (muscle, vigour, physical strength), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath **

tû

physical strength

(i dû, o thû) (muscle; sinew; vigour), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath**

uilos

always snow-white

(name of Mount Taniquetil, or Oiolossë)

uinen

uinen

in Sindarin as well

ui-

verb. to not be, to not do

ui

interjection. no, it is n[ot]

u-

verb. not do, not be

#u- vb. "not do, not be" (1st pers. aorist uin "I do not, am not"), pa.t. úmë (UGU/UMU). A late (ca. 1968) source gives the forms uin, uin(yë) "I am not", uil(yë) "you are not", uis "it is not", uilmë "we are not", uir "are not" and endingless ui *"is not" (VT49:29, 36); these forms were however struck out. The example uin carë "I dont" (PE17:68) combines this negative verb with a following verb in the "simplest aorist infinitive". Compare ua in another late source. See also ui, which (despite its use as an interjection "no") seems to be the endingless 3rd person aorist.

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

-ya

suffix. adjective suffix

Túna

hill, mound

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

ambo

hill, rising ground

ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.

ambona

noun. hill

amun

hill

amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

assa

hole, perforation, opening, mouth

assa "hole, perforation, opening, mouth" (GAS)

atta

cardinal. two

atta (1) cardinal "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19). Elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44); notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are "singular" and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45). Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta_ "again" was struck out; see the entry _TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list.

atta

cardinal. two

cairë

?. [unglossed]

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

ecca

hole

ecca ("k")noun "hole", apparently associated with Sindarin torech "secret hole, lair" (PE17:188)

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hendas

?. [unglossed]

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

hríva

place name. [unglossed]

háro

?. [unglossed]

ia

ever

[ia adv. "ever" (GEY, EY); replaced by oia.]

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

illumë

always

illumë adv. "always" (VT44:9)

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

latta

hole, pit

latta (1) noun "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT, VT45:8)

lenda

journey

lenda (1) noun "journey" (PE17:60)

lenda

noun. journey, journey, *travel, trip

A word for “journey” appearing in Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, derived from √LEN or √LED and related to the derivation of S. lembas “waybread” (PE17/60).

Neo-Quenya: The NQW suggested this word may mean also be used for “✱travel, trip”.

Conceptual Development: The Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s had ᴹQ. lesto “journey” (PE21/12).

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

lá

no, not

lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

lá-

verb. to not be

maitya

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

mesta

journey

mesta noun ?"journey" (Arct)

máriel

feminine name. [unglossed]

naue

?. [unglossed]

níva

?. [unglossed]

oi

ever

oi adv. "ever" (OY)

oia

everlasting

oia adj. "everlasting" (OY); according to VT46:8 the word is both adjective and adverb. An explicitly adverbial form oiavë is mentioned elsewhere (PE17:74)

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

satto

cardinal. two

satto, "Qenya" numeral "two" (in Tolkiens later Quenya atta) (VT49:54)

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

tundo

hill, mound

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

tuo

muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength

tuo noun "muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength" (TUG)

ua-

not do, not be

ua- negative verb "not do, not be". If a verb is to be negated, ua (coming before the verb) receives any pronominal endings (and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t), whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for "I", one can thus have constructions like uan carë "I do not" (aorist), uan carnë "I did not" (past), uan cára "I am not doing" (present), uan caruva "I shall not do" (future). The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: #ua aorist (or present?), únë (past), úva "(future), #uië (perfect) (the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n "I"). In "archaic Quenya" these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, "I shall not do". In later Quenya, only the forms ua (present or aorist) and "occasionally" the past tense form #únë were used in normal prose (únen* "I did not, was not"). (PE17:144; compare FS for úva** as a future-tense negative verb "will not")

ua-

verb. to not be, to not do

uinen

feminine name. Uinen

A Maia, Lady of the Seas (S/30). The meaning of this name is unclear, and it is probably adapted from her Valarin title like the name of her spouse Ossë (WJ/404).

Conceptual Development: The earliest form of her name was ᴱQ. Ówen, from the “Poetical and Mythological Words of Eldarissa” (PME/70). A similar word ᴱQ. ówen “mermaid” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as a derivative of the root ᴱ√’O’O “Sea” (QL/70). This name also appeared the earliest Lost Tales, but was quickly replaced ᴱQ. Ónen (LT1/58, 61). At this early stage, G. Uinen was the Gnomish equivalent of her name (GL/74), but Uinen gradually supplanted Ónen in the writing of the Lost Tales (LT1/121, 130 note #6).

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, her name in Quenya was also ᴹQ. Uinen, and this name appeared in The Etymologies alongside N. Uinen as a combination of the roots ᴹ√UY “seaweed” and ᴹ√NEN “water” (Ety/UY, NEN). At this stage, the genitive form of her name was given as ᴹQ. Uinenden (Ety/UY) implying a stem form of Uinend-, but Tolkien may have abandoned this form, as evidenced by the later name Q. Uinéniel “Daughter of Uinen” (Uinen + -iel). The idea that her name was derived from Valarin did not emerge until the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/404).

uito

it is not that

uito interjection "it is not that" (emphatic word for "no"?) Compare ui, náto (VT49:28, 29)

uito

interjection. it is not that

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

umbo

hill, lump, clump, mass

umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)

unquë

hole, hollow

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 _(Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)_

vaia

envelope

vaia < waia (also vaiya < waiya) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY). Cf. váya.

vaiya

envelope

vaiya < waiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out). In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya (/ waiya) was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w > v, like the letter wilya > vilya in the later, canonical system (VT46:21). According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of #21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala (VT46:32).

vor

ever

vor, voro adv. "ever" (BOR, LT1:250, 273 [only voro_ in the Etymologies]; also in Narqelion)_

vora

always

vora, vorë adv. "always"; see voro

voro

ever, continually

voro, voro- adv. "ever, continually" (BOR, Narqelion) Compare vor. (Focusing on the gloss "continually", post-Tolkien writers have sometimes used voro for "still, yet", but for this sense the term en is available.) The variants vora, vorë were used for "always" in drafts for a Quenya version of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, but Tolkien eventually replaced such forms with the unrelated word illumë (VT44:9). Compare vórë, vórëa.

waia

envelope

waia > vaia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY) (also vaiya, waiya)

waiya

envelope

waiya > vaiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY)

yu-

verb. twi-

yu- or yú- prefix "twi-" or "both" (VT45:13, VT46:23, VT48:20; see yualë, yúcalë, yurasta below). According to PE14:84, yú can function independently as the adverb "twice".

yu-

prefix. both, both, [ᴱQ.] twice

yúyo

both

yúyo noun? adv.? "both" (YŪ, VT48:10). Used adjectivally in yúyo má "both hands"; notice that the noun following yúyo receives no plural or dual marker.

yúyo

adjective. both

éna

?. [unglossed]

úlumë

ever

úlumë adv. "ever", at all times (in a series or period) (PE17:156). Cf. ullumë.

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

lana

no, not any, not (a); none

@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; PE ✱lănā cf. √SI > ✱sĭnā, √TA > ✱tănā; Short/unstressed variants la, lá also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168)

lendë

noun. journey

A neologism for “journey” created by Didier Willis in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s based on the root √LED “go, proceed”. I would instead used the attested form lenda “journey”, published in 2007.

ohte

noun. egg

Please review the discussion at groups.yahoo.com for more information.

ohtë

noun. egg

ui(y)a

no, not any, not (a); none

@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; cf. consonant-final √IL > ✱ilyā; Short/unstressed variant ú (+ nom.) also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168), distinguished from abessive/privative ú ( + gen.) “without.”

yuitë

adjective. dual

An adjective for “dual”, a combination of yu- “both” and the suffix -itë. Also used as a grammatical term.

yu

root. both, both, [ᴹ√] two

This Elvish root was connected to the sense “two” or “both” throughout Tolkien’s life. The first clear manifestation of this root was ᴱQ. yú “twice” and ᴱQ. yúyo “two” from the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/49-51, 82-84). The root ᴹ√YŪ “two, both” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yúyo “both” and ᴹQ. yúkale/N. uial “twilight” (Ety/KAL, YŪ). The root √YU appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings, generally with the sense “both” (PE17/70; PE21/74; VT48/8, 10). It was likely related to the ancient dual suffix ✶-ū.

(a)tata

cardinal. two

-kwā

suffix. -ful

-ū

suffix. dual

ambō

noun. hill

atata

root. two, two; [ᴹ√] again, back

atta

cardinal. two

ekka

noun. hole

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

lā-

verb. to not be

oio

adverb. ever

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

tata

masculine name. Two

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

we

root. dual

A primitive “dual” element mentioned in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, contributing to the forms of primitive ✶enekwe “six” and ✶yun(e)kwe “twelve” in the Quenya branch of Elvish, as well as the ancient 1st person inclusive pronoun ✶ñwe (VT48/10). It was probably related to the ancient dual suffix ✶-ū (Let/427). It was also likely a later iteration the dual root ᴱ√WI from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s which was likewise connected to dual U (QL/33). This early root was mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as ᴱ✶u̯i (GL/45).

yŭ

conjunction. both

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).

satta

noun. two

The Adûnaic number “two” (SD/428). It seems likely that it is related to Q. atta “two”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (AAD/22), though it is unclear how the initial s- might have developed in the Adûnaic. It may also be related to the Adûnaic dual suffix -at, as suggested by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/SAT).

-ya

suffix. adjective suffix

tata

cardinal. two