Name of a Númenórean girl from Tolkien’s unfinished story “The Lost Road” (LR/59). In The Etymologies, the name was given as a compound of almare “blessedness” and (perhaps) -iel “daughter” (Ety/GALA, EtyAC/AL).
Qenya
alkorin
proper name. Alkorin
almáriel
feminine name. Almáriel
alakaru
proper name. Alakaru
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/41). Its primitive form ᴹ✶alakarƀǝ was said to mean “very active”.
alari
proper name. Alari
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/41). Its primitive form ᴹ✶alarʒǝ was said to mean “very dread”.
allina
allina
alfírima
adjective. immortal
An adjective for “immortal” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 appearing only in its plural form alphírimar, using the adjective plural formation of QVS (PE22/124). Its more typical Quenya adjective plural form would be alfírime. It also appeared in a noun plural form Alphírimor “Immortals”. It is a combination of ᴹQ. fírima “mortal” with the negative prefix ᴹQ. al-.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s the word for “immortal” was ᴹQ. ilfirin, a combination of ᴹQ. il- “not” and firin “dead (by natural cause)” (Ety/PHIR).
allana
none at all
A more emphatic variant of ᴹQ. alla “none” (PE23/105 note #67).
alla
interjection. hail!
alma
noun. good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being
alfírimo
noun. Immortal
almare
noun. blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss
@@@ probably better reconceived as a derivative of √AL(A)
alfárima
adjective. impossible to pursue
allanima
adjective. of no sort, of no kind
The correlative combination ᴹQ. {aláqima >>} allanima or lálima “of no sort” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107 and note #88), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ima “sort”. Drafts had láqima “of no kind” (PE23/106 note #80).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. alaitë “of no kind, of no sort” using the later suffix -itë.
allasse
adverb. nowhere
A correlative combination appearing as {láqas(se), aláqas >>} lalasse, allasse, alas “nowhere” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111 and note #139), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would just use allasse “nowhere”.
aláriel
masculine name. Eadwine
allane
pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one
The correlative combinations ᴹQ. {aláqe, lāqe >>} alle, allane “nobody, nothing, no one” appeared Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/103 and note #41), proniminal forms of ᴹQ. alla “none”. There was also an archaic variant form †lálane and a more elaborate form ᴹQ. láqane “nobody, at all”. Drafts has laqe “nobody” in the phrase ᴹQ. tasse ni·kenne laqe imma “there I saw nobody whatsoever” (PE23/101-102 note #36).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use ᴺQ. alquen for “nobody, no one”, inspired by Q. ilquen “everbody”. Other neologisms for “nobody” include ᴺQ. alaquen from the NQW and ᴺQ. úquen from ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000s. For “nothing” I would just use ᴹQ. alla.
alli
no [not any quantity]
A plural variant of ᴹQ. alla “none”, as in ᴹQ. sisse alli neri “there are no men here, (lit.) here [are] no men” (PE23/108 note #96). Likely it can also be used as a pronoun: cenin alli “I see none (of a group)”. It has a variant allina, presumably only adjectival: ✱alline neri “no (quantity of) men”. Strictly speaking alli is a combination of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the suffix ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “quantity”, so actually “✱not any quantity”.
aldalemnar
proper name. Week of the Trees
alkar
masculine name. Radiant
A name for Melko appearing in the final version of the poem, Fíriel’s Song (LR/63, 72). According to Christopher Tolkien, it appeared nowhere else (LR/74 note 16). It seems to be alkar(e) “radiance” used as a name.
alande
adverb. to no degree, in no way
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”.
alaqande
adverb. not in the least
alataire
place name. Great Sea
alatwe
pronoun. neither
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of two”.
aldarwa
adjective. having trees, tree-grown
alka
noun. ray of light, ray of light, [ᴱQ.] light of day; shining
A word for “ray of light” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AKLA-R (Ety/AKLA-R).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. alka “ray” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ḶKḶ; its primitive form ᴱ✶ak’lā indicated a historical development similar to that of The Etymologies (QL/30). The phrase ᴱQ. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” appeared in some of the versions of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 (MC/221), but here the form was alkar as in alkar-issen = “ray-(locative-plural)”. The word alkar appeared in one of the glossaries of Oilima Markirya drafts with the translation “shining, light of day” (PE16/75). By The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, the form and meaning seem to have reverted to alka “ray of light” (see above).
all(an)ar
adverb. *on no day
The correlative combination ᴹQ. {(a)láqanar >>} allanar or allar appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 along with variants lálar and {láqanaryas >>} alaryas (PE23/109 and note #114), basically combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “days”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. alaurë “on no day” using later aurë for “day”.
alla
none, nothing, none, nothing, *no [adj.]
A negative adjective appearing as {(a)láqa >>} alla in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/105 note #67), so probably meaning “✱no” as in alla Elda pole quete “no Elf can say”. It can also be used pronominally to mean “nothing”, and for this function it has a variant lála (PE23/104). For example: merin alla “I want nothing”, or merin alla sino “I want none of this”.
allanna
adverb. *to nowhere
A correlative combination appearing as {láqanna >>} allanna or lalanna in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #145), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. -nna.
allanome(s)
adverb. *no place
A correlative combination appearing as {láqa(n)nome >>} allanome(s) in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #143), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. nome “place”.
allaro
adverb. *for no reason
A correlative combination appearing as {láqaro >>} allaro in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #149), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
allo
adverb. from no place
A correlative combination appearing as allo or lalallo in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.
al(a)-
prefix. not, negative prefix
al-
verb. to thrive
alya
adjective. rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed
ala-
verb. to grow
alako
noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind
alaninqitálima
adjective. that cannot be made white (again)
alistima
adjective. unknowable, secret
alkárima
adjective. impossible to make
alqettima
adjective. unutterable
altankanta-
verb. to become unfixed
alómea
adjective. voiceless
alómea na-súrimar
voiceless aspirate
ala
noun. day
alan
noun. daytime
alasse
noun. joy, merriment
alda
noun. tree
aldaron
masculine name. Lord of Forests
alqalonde
place name. Swan-haven
alta-
verb. to (make) grow
alwa
adjective. well-grown
alalme
noun. elm-tree
alas(ka)-
prefix. not different, no other
aldar olar sana nóresse
trees grow in that land
aldarya
noun. *Tuesday
aldat ólat
two trees are growing
alkar(e)
noun. radiance, brilliance
alkarinqa
adjective. radiant, glorious
alla earendel elenion ankalima
*hail Earendel, brightest of stars
allan(an)
adverb. never, at no time
allanomello
adverb. from no place
allume
adverb. at no date, *never
alqa
noun. swan
alta
adjective. large, great in size
alwara
adjective. useless, *worthless
almárea
adjective. blessed
alama
noun. [unglossed]
alanwa
adjective. fully grown, adult, mature
alaryas
adverb. *on no day
alas
adverb. nowhere
alat-
prefix. large, great in size
allanan
adverb. at no time
alle
pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one
almie
noun. blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss
sanavaldo
masculine name. Almighty
ilyain antalto annar lestanen ilúvatáren
to all they gave in measure the gifts of Ilúvatar
qallume
adverb. *all times
laqalka
adjective. *no quantity
A correlative combination appearing as aláqa or laqalka in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), combinations of ᴹQ. laqa “none” and ᴹQ. -lka “quantity”. Tolkien then deleted these forms saying “negative {hardly >>} not used” (PE23/108 and note #101).
kala
noun. light
kalina
adjective. light
malina
adjective. yellow
ómalóra
adjective. voiceless
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
lala-
verb. to deny
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
-alima
suffix. able to be done, -able, -ible
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
lalallo
adverb. from no place
lalanna
adverb. *to nowhere
lalasse
adverb. nowhere
lalme
noun. elm-tree
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
ilq(an)ar
adverb. all the day
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/110), a combination of ᴹQ. ilqa “all the” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “day”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. ilquaurë “all the day”, since the later word for “day” is aurë.
ilqa
all the, the whole (situation); everything, all
An adjective or pronoun for “all the, the whole” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 as a combination of ᴹQ. il(u)- “the whole” and ᴹQ. qa- “each, every, all” (PE23/106). It also functioned as a prefix of similar meaning (PE23/101). As an adjective Tolkien specified ilqa was used with singular nouns and without the article, as in ᴹQ. ilqa nóre “all the land” (PE23/106). It could be used pronominally to mean “the whole (situation)” (PE23/105).
Conceptual Development: In drafts of DRC, ilqa meant “every, each” before being revised to qa(qe) (PE23/101 note #36). In DRC, primitive ᴹ√kwā- meant “all”, possibly related to ᴹ√KWAT “fill” (PE23/101). However, in The Etymologies of the 1930s ilqa was instead “everything”, because in that document ᴹ√KWA meant “something”, so that il-qa = “✱all things” (Ety/IL; EtyAC/KWA). The word ilqa was translated as “all” (pronoun) in ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song, also from the 1930s (LR/72).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, IL was “all” (VT48/25) and √KWA was translated “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7, 17), but I think ilqua might still be used for “all the, the whole” with a reversal of the meaning of its elements.
ilqan(an)
adverb. all the time, the whole time, continuously
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/110), a combination of ᴹQ. ilqa “the whole” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. ilqualumë “the whole time, continuously”, since I think -n(an) was abandoned.
ilqanome
adverb. all over the place, throughout
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ilqa “all the” and ᴹQ. nome “place”. It replaced rejected {ilqan(n)ome} (PE23/112 note #143).
kuina
adjective. alive
An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. kuina “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).
Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱQ. koina “living, alive” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48).
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien vacillated between the two roots √KOY and √KUY for “life”; I prefer to use √KOY for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so I’d use ᴺQ. coina for “alive”. For “living” I’d using the word Q. coirëa from the 1950s (PM/399).
qáqilli
all, all numbers of men (if referring to groups)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all” and ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “numbers”.
ai(a)na
alien, strange, any other, of another sort, other; anything else, some other matter, a different matter
il(u)-
prefix. all the, the whole, the entire; all, any
ilya
adjective. all, the whole
ilúvatar
masculine name. All-father
nai
interjection. alas
qa(qe)-
prefix. all, all the (with plurals), every; each, every
qan(an)
adverb. always, at all times, ever
qá
adverb. always, at all times, ever
qáqe
pronoun. all, everyone, every person/thing
ea
noun. all that is, the World
ilqanna
adjective. altogether, wholly, quite
ilqa nóre
all the land, the whole (of the land)
qanqe
noun. always, at all times, ever
qaqi i·nórion
all the lands
tengwanda
noun. alphabet
hap-
prefix. the same, together, alike, closely associated, [of time] approach closely
A prefix meaning “the same, together, alike, closely associated” and of time “approach closely”, appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/100). It was distinct from ᴹQ. on- which indicated the exact same or identical thing. For example, a group of people currently standing in (about) the same place would be ᴹQ. hapas(se), but two people standing in precisely the same spot at two different points in time would be ᴹQ. onas(se) [which for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would revise to ᴺQ. imas(se)].
lav-
verb. to yield, allow, grant, to yield, allow, grant; to afford (+ dative)
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “yield, allow, grant” derived from the root ᴹ√DAB “give way, make room, permit, allow” (Ety/DAB).
Neo-Quenya: In a 2025-03-10 post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggest it might also mean “afford” in the sense “have the means to do something”, for example: ece men lave immen homanca coa “we can afford to buy as house, (lit.) it is possible for us to allow ourselves to buy a house”.
onima
adjective. of identical kind
The correlative ᴹQ. onima “of identical kind” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “identical” and ᴹQ. -ima “kind”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. imaitë “of identical kind” using im- “same” and the later suffix -itë, as in taitë “of that sort”.
qaqenome
adverb. *all places
rauta
noun. metal
A noun for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, its Noldorin cognate was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya I think it’s better to stick to Q. tinco “metal” from Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.
yú
adverb. too, too, *also
A word used for “too” in several sentences from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 (PE22/121-122), for example ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tulle, (san) inye tulle yú “if/when he came, I came too”. It clearly means “too = ✱also”, and is probably connected to the dual sense of yú- “both”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. yando “also” under the early root ᴱ√YA and related to ᴱQ. ya(n) “and” (QL/104). This word also appeared in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, but there it was deleted (PE15/69).
ilúve ilu
proper name. Heaven, the universe, all that is
(a)láqan
adverb. not (at all)
-nna
suffix. to, towards; allative suffix
aiano
noun. stranger, alien
er
adverb/adjective. one, alone
farme
noun. sufficiency, plenitude, all that is wanted
ilfirin
adjective. immortal
ona
pronoun. that identical fact
orro
interjection. ugh, alas!, ow!
qanna
adjective. entire, whole, complete, altogether
qáqa
every, each; everything, all facts
tavar
noun. wood (material)
tinko
noun. metal
tárinar
noun. *alternate name of Valanya
fáre
noun. sufficiency, plenitude, all that is wanted
horro
interjection. ugh, alas!, ow!
lan
adverb. not (at all)
qáqillume
adverb. *all times
(a)láqainen
adverb. by no means
A correlative combination appearing as {láqainen >>} ᴹQ. (a)láqainen “by no means” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. láqa “none” and the instrumental suffix ᴹQ. -nen.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. allanen “by no means” using later ᴹQ. alla “none”, also from DRC.
arie
noun. daytime
@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.
lah-
verb. to kick
A verb meaning “kick” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948 based on the root ᴹQ. LAKH of the same meaning (PE22/102-103).
il-
prefix. no, not
laqe
pronoun. nobody
lálan
adverb. at no time
(a)larka
adjective. swift, rapid
-ie
suffix. abstract noun
-iel
suffix. daughter
-ien
suffix. daughter
-ima
suffix. able to be done, -able, -ible
-le
suffix. abstract noun
-llume
suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times
-me
suffix. abstract noun
-n(an)
suffix. time
-sse
suffix. abstract noun
am-
prefix. up
anta
noun. face
are
noun. day
ava-
prefix. without
elen
noun. star
engwa
?. [unglossed]
eressea
adjective. lonely
esse
noun. name
ette
adverb/adjective. outside
faire
noun. radiance
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
ia
adverb. ever
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
kata
preposition. after
korin
noun. circular enclosure, circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge
lai
adverb. very
landa
adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad
lasta-
verb. to listen; to hear
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
laure
noun. gold
lauta-
verb. to abound
lav-
verb. to lick
le
pronoun. you
lá
adverb. no, not
lá-
verb. to not be
lúne
adjective. blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
min
cardinal. one
mirilya-
verb. to glitter
mána
adjective. blessed
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nerno
?. [unglossed]
ninqe
adjective. white
oi
adverb. ever
olaste
noun. growth
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
one
pronoun. the same person
orta-
verb. to raise, lift
qanta
adjective. full
rampa
?. [unglossed]
ráma
noun. wing
saira
adjective. wise
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
taurina
adjective. of wood
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
turma
noun. shield
umbas
noun. shield
urya-
verb. to blaze
vanima
adjective. fair
yelde
noun. daughter
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
yen(de)
noun. daughter
yo
conjunction. and
yondo
noun. son
á
particle. imperative particle
él
noun. star
úra
adjective. large
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
a
preposition. [unglossed]
aina
pronoun. other
ama
adverb. up
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
au-
prefix. without
elena
noun. star
ellen
noun. star
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
ilduma
noun. heaven
larka
adjective. swift, rapid
lálane
pronoun. nobody, nothing (no thing), no one
lálar
adverb. *on no day
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
mine
cardinal. one
niule
?. [unglossed]
ololla-
verb. *to keep on growing
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
tante
noun. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
ye
conjunction. and
yu
conjunction. and
éma
?. [unglossed]
A rejected variant of Ilkorin appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, using the prefix al(a)- “not” instead of il- (EtyAC/ALA, LA).