anta-

give

anta- (1) vb. "give" (ANA1, MC:215, 221), pa.t. antanë (antanen "I gave", VT49:14) or †ánë, perfect ánië (PE17:147, cf. QL:31). According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an "ironic tone" to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena "I gave him a spear (as a present)" was often used with the real sense of "I cast a spear at him". Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case (like sena in this example), but there is also a construction similar to English "present someone with something" in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, "I presented him with a book" (PE17:91). The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present (see -lto for the ending); antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" (pl.); antaróta "he gave it" (anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it"), another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro* "he will give" (LR:63) might later have appeared as antuvas (with the ending -s rather than "Qenya" -ro for "he"). Antalë imperative "give thou" (VT43:17), sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana** was at one point considered as another imperative "give", but Tolkien rewrote the text in question (VT44:13), and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle.

anda

long

anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)

andavë

long, at great length

andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda

ando

long

ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)

sóra

long, trailing

sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)

anna-

verb. to give, †add to

Cognates

• Q. anta- “to give, present; †to add to” ✧ PE17/093; PE17/147

Derivations

• √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE17/146
• ✶antā- “to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, [ᴹ✶] present” ✧ PE17/093
  • √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE22/163

Element in

• ᴺS. anneth “(act of) giving”
• S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/27
• ᴺS. dananna- “to give back, return [something]”
• ᴺS. edanna- “to publish, (lit.) out-give”
• ᴺS. istanna- “to teach, lecture, explain, (lit.) give knowledge”
• S. ón annin “*he gave (it) to me” ✧ PE17/147
• S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/117
• S. oneth “*giving”
• S. suilanna- “to greet, *give greeting”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ANA > antha- > anha-	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anna-]	✧ PE17/091
✶ānē- > ōn-	[ānē] > [āne] > [ǭne] > [ōne] > [ōn]	✧ PE17/093
√ANA/NĀ > anta-	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anta-]	✧ PE17/146

Variations

• anha- ✧ PE17/093
• anta- ✧ PE17/147

anha-

verb. to give

ann

adjective. long

adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and

ann

adjective. long

anno

verb. give!

anann

adverb. long, for a long time

anann

adverb. long

adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.

and

adjective. long

and

adjective. long

adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann

and

adjective. long

Cognates

• Q. anda “long, far” ✧ PE17/040; PE17/090

Derivations

• √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/040
• ✶andā “long, far” ✧ PE17/090
  • √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/090

Element in

• S. Anach “?Long Neck”
• S. anann “(for) long”
• S. andaith “long-mark”
• S. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. Andras “Long Cape”
• S. Andrast “Long Cape”
• S. Angast “Long Cape” ✧ VT42/28
• S. Andrath “Long Climb”
• S. andreth “long-suffering, patience”
• S. Androth “*Long Cave”
• S. Anduin “Great River, (lit.) Long River” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; RC/765; SA/an(d)
• S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. Anfang “Longbeard”
• S. angerthas “runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows” ✧ SA/an(d)
• ᴺS. annas “length”
• S. Ann-thennath “*Long-shorts”
• S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶andā > ann-	[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]	✧ PE17/090

Variations

• ann ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/121
• ann- ✧ PE17/090
• an(d) ✧ SA/an(d)
• an(n)- ✧ VT42/28

aned

give

anna-

verb. to thank

A neologism for “to thank” coined by Elaran in 2018, more accurately “to give thanks”, derived from the root √HAN “enrich, honour”, the (hypothetical) basis for Q. hanta- “to thank” (also hypothetical). It can be distinguished from S. anna- “to give” by the fact that this verb is intransitive, whereas “give” is transitive. Thus anna- without a direct object means “give thanks”, whereas anna- with a direct object means “give”. The common way to say “thank you” would be annon allen “I give thanks to you” or annas annin “[he/she] thanked me” (anna- with intransitive past, lit. “gave thanks to”), with the object of the “thanks” in the dative.

For further information on this verb and phrase, see the How to Thank in Sindarin on Parf Edhellen.

Alternate Etymologies: The Sindarin verb for “to thank” is exceptionally controversial. For Peter Jackson’s Lord of the Rings movies, David Salo coined the word ᴺS. hanna- “to thank” based on Q. hanta-, with hannon le becoming the common (Neo) Sindarin of saying “thanks, (lit.) I thank you”. However, Carl Hostetter criticized this word in his 2006 article Elvish as She Is Spoke, pointing that the likeliest basis for Q. hanta- was the root √HAN, but in Sindarin the initial h would be lost resulting in ✱anna- which could not be used since it conflicts with anna- “to give”.

In 2018, Elaran proposed annon allen as a new phrase for “I thank you”, eventually developing the intransitive/transitive markers to distinguish it from anna- “give”. In 2019, I made a counter proposal of in my own article In Defense of Hannon Le, arguing that ✱hanna- “to thank” might have entered Sindarin as a loan word from Quenya and thus still be usable. Ultimately, though, the community we both spend time in (the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server) settled on using annon allen. Since I firmly believe that languages should be defined by their community of speakers, and annon allen has become the dominant phrase, I eventually caved and in 2022 added anna- “to give thanks” to Eldamo, deprecating David Salo’s older neologism ᴺS. hanna-.

Cognates

• ᴺQ. hanta- “to thank, give thanks”

Derivations

• √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, enrich, honour (especially by gift); give”

hanna-

verb. to thank

Cognates

• ᴺQ. hanta- “to thank, give thanks”

Element in

• ᴺS. hannad “thanks”

anna

give

anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)

anna

give

(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)

annabon

long-snouted one

pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)

anann

long

(adverb, = "for a long time") anann

anann

long

anfang

longbeard

pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)

and

long

(adjective) and (pl. aind),

and

long

(pl. aind)

andaith

long mark

(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.

taen

thin

(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

ennin

long year

. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

brûn

long endured/established/in use

(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;

anda

adjective. long

Element in

• T. andané “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31

han-

verb. to give

Derivations

• √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, enrich, honour (especially by gift); give” ✧ PE22/163

sigin Reconstructed

adjective. long

Element in

• Kh. Sigin-tarâg “Longbeards”

ʒandā

adjective. long

Derivations

• √ƷAN “adorn; extend; long” ✧ PE17/155; VT47/27

anna-

verb. to give

anna-

verb. to give

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anta- “to give” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANA¹ > anno	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anna-]	✧ Ety/ANA¹

ann

adjective. long

ann

adjective. long

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anda “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD

Derivations

• On. anda “long”
• ᴹ✶andā “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD
  • ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Element in

• N. anann “long”
• N. andeith “long-mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
• N. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
• N. anrand “cycle, age, (lit.) long cycle” ✧ Ety/RAD
• N. Andrath
• N. Anduin “Great River”
• N. Anfalas “Langstrand”
• N. An(d)fang “Longbeard” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
• N. annabon “elephant” ✧ Ety/MBUD
• N. Cair Andros
• N. ennin “Valian year”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶andā > and > ann	[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]	✧ Ety/ÁNAD
ᴹ✶anda > anna-	[anda-] > [anna-]	✧ Ety/MBUD

anann

adverb. long

Element in

• N. aglar anann “*glory for long” ✧ SD/046
• N. cuio i Pheriain anann “long live the halflings” ✧ SD/046

Elements

Word	Gloss
an	“of”
ann	“long”

taen

adjective. long (and thin)