Khuzdûl

bund

noun. head

Khuzdûl [PE17/036; TI/174] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bundushathûr

place name. Cloudy-head

Khuzdûl [LotR/0283; LotRI/Bundushathûr; LotRI/Fanuidhol; PE17/035; PE17/036; RC/767; TI/174; TII/Bundu-shathûr] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

bund

noun. snout, nose

Noldorin [Ety/372, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bund

noun. cape (of land)

Noldorin [Ety/372, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bunn

noun. snout, nose; cape [of land]

A word appearing as N. bunn “snout, nose, cape” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶mbundu under the root ᴹ√MBUD “project” (Ety/MBUD).

Neo-Sindarin: In keeping with the principle that nd remained “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), I would adapted this word as ᴺS. bund for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. I would use it primarily for the noses of animals, and only metaphorically as a cape of land.

Noldorin [Ety/MBUD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bunn

noun. snout, nose

Noldorin [Ety/372, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bunn

noun. cape (of land)

Noldorin [Ety/372, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôl

noun. head

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/430, RC/268] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôl

noun. hill or mountain

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/430, RC/268] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nem

noun. nose

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nem

noun. nose

A word for “nose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, with archaic form nemb and derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). The mb is a result of the Old Noldorin change of labialized velars into labials (ñw > ñgw > mb), a sound change that also occurred in Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: Similar but earlier “nose” words include G. nûn {“a nostril” >>} “a nose (of men only)” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61) and ᴱN. {nheth >>} neth “nose” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/151).

Noldorin [Ety/NEÑ-WI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nemb

noun. nose

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Sindarin 

bund

snout

bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (nose, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd). LONG-SNOUTED, see ELEPHANT

bund

snout

(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (nose, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd).

bund

nose

(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

bund

cape

(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, nose), pl. bynd (i mbynd), #cast (i gast, o chast) (headland), pl. caist (i chaist) (VT42:14; compare the name Angast)

bund

noun. snout, nose; cape [of land]

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

fanuidhol

place name. Cloudyhead

Sindarin name of a peak in the Misty Mountains translated “Cloudyhead”, itself a translation of Kh. Bundushathûr of the same meaning (LotR/283). This name is a combination of fanui “cloudy” and the lenited form of dol(l) “head, hill” (PE17/26, 36 173).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first wrote this name as N. Fanuiras “Horn of Cloud”, revised to N. Fanuidol (TI/174, 306) before settling on S. Fanuidhol.

Sindarin [LotR/0283; LotRI/Bundushathûr; LotRI/Cloudyhead; LotRI/Fanuidhol; PE17/026; PE17/035; PE17/036; PE17/173; RC/268; RGEO/66; SA/dol; SDI1/Fanuidhol; TI/174; TII/Fanuidhol] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nem

nose

1) nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

rast

cape

(geographic) 1) rast (also shortened ras), pl. raist, idh raist, 2) (of land) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, nose), pl. bynd (i mbynd), #cast (i gast, o chast) (headland), pl. caist (i chaist) (VT42:14; compare the name Angast)

-dhol

head

_ suff. _head (often applied to hills or mountains that had _not _a sharp apex). >> Fanuidhol

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:36] < S. _dol/doll_ head (often applied to hills or mountains that had _not _a sharp apex). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cast

noun. cape, headland

Sindarin [Angast VT/42:28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dol

noun. head

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, RC/268] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dol

noun. hill or mountain

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, RC/268] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dol

head

_ n. _head (often applied to hills or mountains that had _not _a sharp apex). >> -dhol, doll, Dol-fanui, Fanuidhol

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:32:36:173] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

doll

head

_ n. _head (often applied to hills or mountains that had _not _a sharp apex). >> -dhol, dol, Dol-fanui, Fanuidhol

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:32:36] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dôl

head

dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (hill), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained).

dôl

head

(i dhôl, construct dol) (hill), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained).****

nem

nose

(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)

rast

cape

(also shortened ras), pl. raist, idh raist

Primitive elvish

kas

root. head

The root for “head” was established very early in Tolkien’s Elvish languages, appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√KASA “head” (QL/45), though in this period its Qenya derivative was ᴱQ. kar (kas-) because [[eq|final [s] became [r]]] in Early Quenya (PE12/26). It had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. cas “head, skull” (GL/25), a word that reappeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. cas “skull” (PE13/140).

The root ᴹ√KAS “head” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, still with the form ᴹQ. kár (kas-) “head” (Ety/KAS), but Tolkien eventually abandoned the Early Qenya phonology and the Quenya form became Q. kas after some vacillation (PE19/103). The root √KAS “head” continued to appear frequently in Tolkien’s later writing (PE17/114; PE21/70; VT42/12).

Primitive elvish [PE17/114; PE17/156; PE21/70; VT42/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kas

noun. head

Primitive elvish [PE17/188; PE19/102; PE21/75] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quenya 

cas

head

cas ("k")"head" (VT49:17), cf. also deleted [cas] ("k")noun "top, summit" (VT45:19). This noun should evidently have the stem-form car-. See cár.

cas

noun. head, head, [ᴱQ.] top, summit

This is the Quenya word for “head”, with a stem form of car- because medial s generally became z and then r, but the s was preserved when final. This word can refer to the head of people and animals, as well as the metaphorical “head” (or top) of other things, in much the same way that Q. tál “foot” can refer to their base.

Conceptual Development: This word was established very early in Tolkien’s writing, being derived from the root ᴱ√KASA “head” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), but its exact form varied as Tolkien changed his mind on the phonetic development of s in Quenya. Its form in the Qenya Lexicon was in fact ᴱQ. kar (kas-), since in Early Qenya period medial s survived and it was final s that became r (PE12/26). This kar (kas-) was the usual word for head in the 1910s and 20s, but in the typescript version of the Early Qenya Grammar Tolkien instead revised it to ᴱQ. kas (kast-) “head” (PE14/72 and note #5).

In noun declensions from the late 1920s and early 1930s, Tolkien instead had cas (car-), reflecting a conceptual shift in the phonologic development of s (PE13/112-113; PE21/22). However, for reasons unclear, the form ᴹQ. kár (kas-) was restored in The Etymologies written around 1937 under the root ᴹ√KAS “head” (Ety/KEM), despite s > z > r being the normal medial phonetic development in this period (PE19/33). This abnormal form slipped into The Lord of the Rings itself as part of the name Q. Eldacar “Elfhelm” (LotR/1038).

Tolkien generally used the form cas for “head” in his later writings (PE19/103; VT49/17), but in his notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien was forced to contrive another explanation for Eldacar:

> What is -kar in names. How could it stand for helm? E.g. as stem ✱kāsā (√KAS, head) would give kāra, but in compound forms -kāsă > -kas. Would not an ă be lost before voicing of s or at least before z > r (PE17/114).

In this note Tolkien considered having Q. carma “helm” < kas-mā, but discarded the idea since he felt karma “tool or weapon” < KAR “do, make” + was the more likely meaning. He then said “Eldă|kāzā in compounds to -kār(ă) > -kar” despite its phonological implausibility, and indeed kāza/kára appeared in a discussion of helms within 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD: PE17/188).

As for the sense “top”, there is better evidence for it among Tolkien’s earlier writings, such as the glosses “head, top” in Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/79) and the early-1930s allative form kasta “up (to the top)” (PE21/22). I see no reason to assume this alternate meaning did not survive in Tolkien’s later conception of the language.

Quenya [PE17/188; PE19/103; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cár

head

cár (cas-) ("k")noun "head" (KAS).The given stem-form appears doubtful within the phonological framework of LotR-style Quenya. Probably we should read cas with stem car- (PE14:69 indeed reads "kas head, pl. kari", and VT49:17 quotes the sg. "kas" from a post-LotR source). Compare other forms found in late sources: hlas "ear" with stem hlar- (PE17:62) and olos "dream", pl. olori (UT:396). In Tolkiens early "Qenya", post-vocalic -s became -r at the end of words but was preserved when another vowel followed. His later scheme either lets -r appear in both positions, or reverses the scenario altogether (hence olos, olor-). It would seem that the forms cár, cas- were distractedly carried over into the Etymologies from the Qenya Lexicon (kar, kas-, QL:45) even though they presuppose an earlier version of the phonology. An apparent variant form in late material, cára from earlier cáza ("k"), however fits the later phonology since intervocalic s would become z > r (PE17:188).

cára

noun. head

mundo

snout, nose, cape

mundo (2) noun "snout, nose, cape" (MBUD)

nengwë

nose

nengwë (stem *nengwi-, given the primitive form ¤neñ-wi) noun "nose", pl. nengwi given (NEÑ-WI)


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

mbundu

noun. snout, nose; cape [of land]

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MBUD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kas

root. head

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAS; PE18/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kas

noun. head

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/035; PE21/55; PE21/58; PE21/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

neñwi

noun. nose

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NEÑ-WI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

carp

noun. bundle, bunch

Gnomish [GL/25; GL/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lim

noun. sheaf, bundle

Gnomish [GL/52; GL/54] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nôl

noun. head

Qenya 

mundo

noun. snout, nose; cape [of land]

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “snout, nose, cape” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mbundu under the root ᴹ√MBUD “project” (Ety/MBUD). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use it primarily for the noses of animals.

kas

noun. head

Qenya [EtyAC/KAS; PE21/16; PE21/19; PE21/22; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kár

noun. head

nengwe

noun. nose

A word for “nose” in The Etymologies written around 1937, derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). Given its primitive form, its stem ought to be nengwi-, but in attested compounds this word is consistently nengwe-, so perhaps Tolkien changed his mind on its primitive form.

Conceptual Development: The earliest percursor to this word seems to be ᴱQ. nen (neng-) “nostril” in several documents from the 1920s (PE14/72; PE15/75; PE16/113), whose dual nenqi was also used for a “nose” of one person (PE14/76; PE15/75). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had nin (ning-) “beak, nose” < ᴹ✶nengǝ (PE21/26), though this phonetic shift of short e to i is rather unusual and seems to be limited to this document.

Qenya [Ety/NEÑ-WI; PE22/011; PE22/022; PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

limna

noun. sheaf

Early Quenya [QL/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kar

noun. head

Early Quenya [PE14/042; PE14/043; PE14/044; PE14/046; PE14/047; PE14/117; PE15/73; PME/045; QL/030; QL/045] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

neth

noun. nose

Early Noldorin [PE13/151] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nod

noun. head

Early Noldorin [PE13/150; PE13/151] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

kasa

root. head

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/031; QL/045] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

nîw

noun. nose

A Doriathrin noun for “nose” derived from ᴹ✶neñwi (Ety/LIW). It is likely an example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], especially if the [[ilk|[e] first became [i] before the [ŋg]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/nîw).

Doriathrin [Ety/NEÑ-WI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

ndolo

noun. head

Old Noldorin [Ety/NDOL; EtyAC/NDOL] Group: Eldamo. Published by