canad

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> can, leben

canad

cardinal. four

canad

cardinal. four

The Sindarin word for “four” based on the root √KANAT of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/24; VT48/6; Ety/KÁNAT).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. cant “four” (GL/25). Some rough notes from the 1960s had a variant form cened “four”, but this seems to have been a ephemeral concept according to Patrick Wynne (VT47/41 note #69).

can

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> canad, leben

canad

cardinal. four

canad;

canad

four

;

canath

fourth part

(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)

nel

card

_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh

cae

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cea. >> caen-, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

caen-

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cainen. >> cae, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

eneg

card

_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog

er

card

_ card. _one. Q. er. >> min, tad

leben

card

_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg

min

card

_ card. _one. Q. min. >> er, tad

neder

card

_ card. _nine. Q. nerte. >> cae, caen-

odog

card

_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod

tad

card

_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh

tad

card

card. two. . This gloss was rejected.

tolod

card

_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder

cened

ordinal. four

cannui

fourth

. The reading in VT42:25  is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.

canad

cardinal. four

canad

cardinal. four

canath

cardinal. four

canat

cardinal. four

canta

cardinal. four

The Quenya word for “four” derived from the root √KANAT of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/24; VT48/6; Ety/KÁNAT).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. kanta “four” dates all the way back to the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s (PE14/49, 82), but in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “four” was ᴱQ. nelde (QL/65), which in Tolkien’s later writings meant “three”.

canta

cardinal. four

canta (1) ("k") cardinal "four" (KÁNAT, VT42:24, VT48:6). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word was cited with a final hyphen (as if it were a verb), but the hyphen does not actually appear in Tolkien's manuscript (VT45:19). Ordinal cantëa ("k") "fourth" (VT42:25) Compare cantil.

can-

cardinal. four

can- (1) (prefix)("k") "four" (KÁNAT)

kanat

root. four

This root was established as the basis for “four” very early, though the earliest known Elvish word for “four” was actually ᴱQ. nelde from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/65), which became “three” later on (PE14/49). In the Gnomish Lexicon written soon after, the Gnomish word for “four” was G. cant (GL/25), and by the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word likewise became ᴱQ. kanta “four” (PE14/49, 82). The Quenya word kept this form thereafter, and the Noldorin form became N. canad in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root ᴹ√KANAT “four” explicitly appeared for the first time (Ety/KÁNAT). The words and root for “four” remained the same thereafter (VT42/24-26; VT47/15-16; VT48/10), with occasional minor (and transient) variations such as √KENET (VT47/41).

kanatā

cardinal. four

tharan Reconstructed

cardinal. four