Quenya 

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

Ercoirë

ercoirë

Ercoirë noun, alternative name of February (PM:135)

Erintion

erintion

Erintion noun, second half of the month of avestalis (January) (LT1:252)

Erquellë

erquellë

Erquellë noun, alternative name of September (PM:135)

Errívë

errívë

Errívë noun, alternative name of November (PM:135)

Ertuilë

ertuilë

Ertuilë noun, alternative name of April (PM:135)

Eruva

eruva

Eruva, see Eru

erdë

seed, germ

erdë (1) noun "seed, germ" (ERÉD, VT45:12)

erúmëa

outer, outermost

erúmëa adj. "outer, outermost" (LT1:262)

Eruman

desert north-east of valinor

Eruman place-name; this is a word to which various meanings are ascribed, but it always denotes some region. In the earliest phases of Tolkien's mythology, it was a region south of Taniquetil (LT1:91, 252-253). In the Etymologies, entry ERE, Eruman is a "desert north-east of Valinor". In the final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, where the locative form Erumandë appears, Tolkien appears to have moved Eruman out of this world entirely, making it the abode of God (Eru); Erumandë translates "in heaven".

erda

solitary, deserted

erda adj. "solitary, deserted" (LT1:269)

erma

physical matter

erma noun "physical matter" (MR:338, 470)

erumë

desert

erumë noun "desert" (ERE)

er-

remain

#er- "remain", verb (LT1:269; given in the form erin and glossed "remains"; erin would have to mean "I remain" in Tolkien's later Quenya, if this word is to be adapted. However, the later synonym lemya- may be preferred.)

erca-

to prick

erca- ("k") (2) vb. "to prick" (ERÉK)

ercassë

holly

ercassë ("k") noun "holly" (ERÉK)

erë

iron

erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

Ercambo

one-hand man

Ercambo ("k") masc. name "one-hand Man" (VT47:7), the equivalent of Sindarin Erchamon, Erchamion as a title of Beren

Eremandu

hells of iron

Eremandu place-name "Hells of Iron", a name of Angband (LT1:249)

Eru

the one

Eru divine name "the One" = God (VT43:32, VT44:16-17), "the One God" (Letters:387), a name reserved for the most solemn occasions (WJ:402). Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" (cf. MR:112). Genitive Eruo (MR:329, VT43:28/32), dative Erun (VT44:32, 34). The adjectival form Eruva "divine" (Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18) would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men (WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. _Eruhîn _in Letters:345), Eruion *"son of God" (or "God the Son"?) (VT44:16), Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruamillë "Mother of God" (in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7), Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother (Begetter) of God" (VT44:7, 18), Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni.) #Eruanna and #erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively (VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen).

erca

prickle, spine

erca ("k") (1) noun "prickle, spine"

erdë

singularity

erdë (2) noun "singularity", the person as a whole (MR:216)

erdë

repose

erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.

eressë

solitude

eressë noun "solitude" (ERE). In early "Qenya", eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, alone" (LT1:269).

eressëa

lonely

eressëa adj. "lonely" (ERE, LT1:269), "solitary" (cf. Letters:386). Eressëa place-name "Lonely (One)", often used by itself for Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle (Silm) or Solitary Isle (Letters:386, footnote)

erinqua

single, alone

erinqua adj. "single, alone" (VT42:10)

erya

single, sole

erya adj. "single, sole" (ERE)

erdë

noun. singularity

Quenya [MR/216; MR/470] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eressë

noun. solitude, [ᴹQ.] solitude; [ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once

eressëa

adjective. lonely

eruva

adjective. divine

kyermë

prayer

kyermë noun *"prayer", isolated from Erukyermë (UT:166)

kyermë

noun. prayer

lerina

free

lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)

lerya-

release, set free, let go

lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)

ser-

rest

ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)

hyermë

noun. prayer

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

leryalë

noun. release

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Ellairë

summer

Ellairë alternative name of June (PM:135); evidently incorporating lairë "summer"; the el- part is probably an assimilated form of er-, an element meaning one or first, June being the first summer month.

amil(lë)

noun. mother

Tolkien used a number of similar forms for “mother” for most of his life. The earliest of these are ᴱQ. amis (amits-) “mother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s along with variants ᴱQ. ambi, âmi, amaimi under the root ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). An additional variant ammi appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/30). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. ambe or mambe “mother” (PE16/135). This became ᴹQ. amil “mother” in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√AM “mother” (Ety/AM¹).

This 1930s form amil appears to have survived for some time. It appeared in a longer form Amille in Quenya Prayers of the 1950s (VT43/26; VT44/12, 18), and as an element in the term amilessi “mother-names” in a late essay on Elvish naming (MR/217). In the initial drafts of Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s Tolkien used the form amilye or amye as an affectionate word for “mother”, and amaltil as the finger name for the second finger (VT47/26-27 note #34 and #35).

However, in those documents Tolkien seems to have revised the root for “mother” from √AM to √EM and the affectionate forms from amye to emya or emme (VT47/10; VT48/6, 19). The revised word for “mother” appears to be emil based on the 1st person possessive form emil(inya) (VT47/26).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain the root √AM for “mother”, since that is what Tolkien used for 50 years, and ignore the very late change to √EM. As such, I would recommend amil(le) for “mother” and affectionate forms amme “mommy” and amya. However, if you prefer to use Tolkien’s “final” forms, then emil(le), emme and emya seem to be what Tolkien adopted in the late 1960s.

Quenya [VT44/18; VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ilúvatar

all-father

Ilúvatar masc. name "All-father", God (SD:401, FS, IL; Ilúv-atar, ATA, Iluvatar with a short u, SD:346). Often in combination with the divine name as Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather", cf. MR:112. "Qenya" genitive Ilúvatáren "of Ilúvatar" in Fíriel's Song, LR:47 and SD:246, the genitive ending is -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. the later genitive Ilúvataro in the phrase Híni Ilúvataro (see "Children of Ilúvatar" in the Silmarillion Index)

Yón

region, any (fairly extensive) region between obstacles such as rivers or mountains

yón (2), variant of yondë, q.v. Defined as "a region, any (fairly extensive) region _between obstacles such as rivers or mountains" (PE17:43)_

amal

mother

amal noun "mother"; also emel (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

amil

mother

amil noun "mother" (AM1), also emil (q.v.) Longer variant amillë (VT44:18-19), compounded Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary (VT43:32). If amil is a shortened form of amillë, it should probably have the stem-form amill-. Also compare amilyë, amya, emya. Compounded amil- in amilessë noun "mothername" (cf. essë "name"), name given to a child by its mother, sometimes with prophetic implications (amilessi tercenyë "mother-names of insight"). (MR:217).

ammë

mother

ammë noun "mother" (AM1)

condo

prince, leader; lord

condo ("k")noun "prince, leader; lord" (PE17:113,117); possibly replaces cundu, q.v.

emel

mother

emel noun "mother"; also amal (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

emil

mother

emil noun "mother", emilinya "my mother" (also reduced to emya) the terms a child would use in addressing his or her mother (VT47:26). Emil would seem to be a variant of amil. Also compare emel.

etsë

outside, exterior

etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)

lairë

summer

lairë (1) noun "summer" (Letters:283, VT45:26), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Oiolairë "Eversummer", name of a tree (UT:167), see also Coron Oiolairë. Lairelossë noun *"Summer-snow", name of a tree (UT:167), perhaps with white flowers.

mamil

mother, mummy

mamil noun *"mother, mummy" (UT:191)

ontari

mother

ontari noun "mother" or etymologically "begetter, parent" (fem.); clashing with the plural ontari "parents", this was apparently an emphemeral form (see ontarë, ontaril, ontarië for other feminine forms of "begetter, parent") (VT44:7)

ontaril

mother

ontaril noun "mother", female *"begetter" (cf. onta-). Variant of ontarë. (VT43:32)

orma

physical matter

orma noun "physical matter" (MR:218, 231, 471)

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

ráva

free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.

lairë

noun. summer

Quenya [Let/282; LotR/1107; LotR/1111; PE17/159; PE22/167; PM/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emil

noun. mother

laire

noun. summer

Quenya [PE 22:125; PE 22:167] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

hyamië

noun. prayer

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Quenya [Let/426; LotR/0377; LotR/1113; LotR/1123; MR/100; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/126; PE17/135; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE22/160; RC/385; RGEO/58; RGEO/65; SA/alda; UT/167; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hína

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN (PE17/157; WJ/403), most notably an element in Eruhíni “Children of God”, a term for Elves and Men as the children of Eru. This word illustrates that hína has an abnormal plural form: híni rather than the expected ✱✱hínar. A variant hina with a short i was “only used in the vocative addressing a (young) child, especially in hinya (< hinanya) ‘my child’ (WJ/403)”.

Conceptual Development: The term Êruhîn “Children of God” first appeared as an Adûnaic word in the 1940s (SD/247-8, 358), later adapted as Quenya Eruhíni and Sindarin Eruchîn, which seems to be the source of Q. hína and S. hên “child”. At one point Tolkien coined masculine and feminine variants Q. hindo and Q. hindë, but they were deleted (PE17/157). Tolkien occasionally used an alternate Quenya form sén (MR/423; UT/274), perhaps out of a desire to have a Sindarin form Eruhîn that was closer to the original Adûnaic form; this variant continued to appear as late as 1969, where sén was written below Eruhíni as a variant form in Late Notes on Verbs (LVS: PE22/158).

Quenya [PE17/157; PE21/83; SA/híni; SI/Children of Ilúvatar; VT44/35; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

onna

noun. child, child, *offspring; [ᴹQ.] creature

A word for “child” appearing in various late notes and phrases (NM/31; PM/391; VT49/42), derived from the root √NŌ/ONO “beget, be born” and once appearing in a variant form onwe (PE17/170). Giving its derivation, its actual meaning may be closer to “✱offspring”, as first suggested to me by Tamas Ferencz.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. onna was instead glossed “creature”, though it was still derived from the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO).

Quenya [PE17/170; PM/391; VT49/42] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

Aino

god

Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

Ezellohar

the green mound

Ezellohar noun "the Green Mound" where the Two Trees grew; adopted and adapted from Valarin; also translated as Coron Oiolairë, Corollairë (WJ:401). The name must have become *Erellohar in Exilic (Noldorin) Quenya.

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

anga

iron

anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)

anna

gift

anna noun "gift" (ANA1, SA), "a thing handed, brought or sent to a person" (PE17:125), also name of tengwa #23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar). Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" (VT43:38)

apa

on

apa (2) prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall). Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts (VT44:26), but apa is also used for "after" (see apa #1 above), and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants , pa (q.v.) mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa #2. Another variant gives apa, "on (above but touching)" (VT49:18).

ar-

outside

ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.

ara

outside, beside, besides

ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)

aran

king

aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.

aranya

free

aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

et

out

et prep. (and adv.?) "out", when followed by ablative "out of" (VT45:13) or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps "out of the mouth" (VT47:35). Prefixet- "forth, out" (ET), also in longer form ete- (as in etelehta, eteminya); verb ettuler "are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). (SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya). The forms etemmë and etengwë (VT43:36) seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively (Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. "you" from -llë to -ldë).

fainu-

release

fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.

fairë

free

fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)

hantalë

thanksgiving

hantalë noun "thanksgiving", isolated from Eruhantalë (UT:166; see also VT43:14). A verbal stem #hanta- "thank, give thanks" may apparently be isolated from this word.

haran

king, chieftain

haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)

hrón

flesh/substance of arda

hrón noun "flesh/substance of Arda", "matter" (PE17:183), also at one point used = hroa "body", q.v. Compare erma.

hína

child

hína noun "child", also hina used in the vocative to a (young) child (also hinya "my child", for hinanya) (WJ:403). Pl. híni (surprisingly not **hínar) in Híni Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" (Silmarillion Index); dative hínin in VT44:35. In compounds -hin pl. -híni (as in Eruhíni, "Children of Eru", SA:híni). According to one source, the word is hín(i) and solely plural (PE17:157), but this is obviously contradicted by some of the sources quoted above.

laita-

bless, praise

laita- vb. "bless, praise": a laita, laita te! Andavë laituvalmet! ... Cormacolindor, a laita tárienna "bless them, bless them! Long shall we bless them! ... [The] Ring-bearers, praise [them] to [the] height!" (lait[a]-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them) (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308; the meaning of the suffix -lmë _was revised from inclusive to exclusive "we", VT49:55). Verbal noun laitalë "praising", isolated from Erulaitalë (UT:166, 436)_

lehta

free, released

lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)

lissë

sweet

lissë adj. "sweet" (Nam, RGEO:66); also noun "sweetness", used metaphorically for "grace" (VT43:29, VT44:18); in this sense the word may be compounded as #Erulissë, q.v. Genitive lissëo in VT44:18. - In the entry LIS in the Etymologies, Tolkien originally gave lissë as the noun "honey", but then changed it to lis with stem liss- (VT45:28)

léra

free

léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)

manya-

bless

manya- vb. "bless" "sc. either to afford grace or help or to wish it" (VT49:41)

melda

beloved, dear, sweet

melda adj. "beloved, dear, sweet" (MEL, VT45:34), superlative arimelda *"dearest" (PE17:56, see ar- #2), meldielto "they are beloved" (sc. meld[a]--lto "beloved-are-they" however, both the stative verb ending - "is/are" and the ending -lto "they" may be obsolete in LotR-style Quenya) (FS) PE17:55 gives the comparative form as arimelda or ammelda and the superlative as eremelda, anamelda or once again ammelda (PE17:55).

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

mirima

free

mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

orto-

raise

orto- vb. "raise" (LT1:256; in Tolkien's later Quenya orta-)

on

, pa (1) prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall); also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" (VT44:26). Another variant gives (and apa) with the meaning "on (above but touching)". (2) Variants of apa "after" (VT44:36), which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" (see entries for apa #1 and #2), or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa "after", as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *"years upon years" (VT44:36)

selda

child

selda adj.?noun? (meaning not clear, related to seldë "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter") and seldo "boy". Thus selda may be an adjective "childlike", since -a is a frequent adjectival ending. Alternatively, as suggested in VT46:13, selda may be a neuter noun "child", corresponding to masc. seldo "boy" and fem. seldë "girl" (before Tolkien changed the meaning of the latter to "child"). (SEL-D, cf. VT46:22-23)

seldë

child

seldë noun "child" (meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter"; in his later texts the Quenya word for "child" is rather hína, and the final status of seldë is uncertain. See also tindómerel.) (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23) In one late source, Tolkien reverts to the meaning "daughter", but this may have been replaced by anel, q.v.

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

sén

children

#sén collective (?) noun "children", isolated from Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74, VT49:35). The word would seem to be a collective, since it has no plural ending.

sérë

rest, repose, peace

sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song

taran

king

taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)

túr

king

túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)

vardar

king

vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)

rië

adverb. only

rëa

adjective. single

rindë

adjective. swift

anga

noun. iron

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/056; PM/347; SA/anga] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aran

noun. king

Quenya [LotR/0864; LotRI/Asëa aranion; MR/121; PE17/049; PE17/100; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186; PE22/158; VT49/27; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hantalë

noun. thanksgiving

linta

adjective. swift

Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/059; PE17/063; PE17/076; PE17/147; RGEO/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lissë

adjective. sweet

Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/064; PE17/154; RGEO/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sén

noun. child

aino

noun. god

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

-tar

king

-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.

Este

noun. Rest

Rest

Quenya [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Estë

repose, rest

Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alarca

swift, rapid

alarca ("k")adj. "swift, rapid" (LAK2)

alda

noun. tree

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124; PE 22:160] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

amu-

raise

amu- vb. "raise" (LT2:335; LotR-style Quenya has orta-)

anna, anwa

noun. gift

Quenya [PE 22:163] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

anwa

noun. gift

arauca

swift, rushing

arauca ("k")adj. "swift, rushing" (LT2:347). Compare arauco.

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

ava

outside, beyond

ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)

cundu

prince

cundu ("k")noun "prince" (KUNDŪ; the "†_" indicating that this word is poetic or archaic was omitted in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:24)._ Cf. condo.

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

ettë

outside

ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

larca

swift, rapid

larca ("k")adj. "swift, rapid" (LAK2)

lemya-

remain, tarry

lemya- vb. "remain, tarry" (VT45:27)

linta

swift

linta adj. "swift"; pl. lintë attested (PE17:63. Nam, RGEO:66) Cf. lintië.

manta-

bless

*manta- vb. "bless", only attested in the present/continuative tense: mánata (VT49:39, 52, 55)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

ména

region

ména noun "region" (MEN). Not to be confused with the present/continuative tense of #men- "go".

onwë

child

onwë noun "child" (PE17:170)

onwë

noun. child

orta

verb. raise

Quenya [PE 22:159, 164] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

orta-

verb. raise

raise

Quenya [PE 18:39 PE 18:89] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rea

adjective. single

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rie

adverb. only

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

seldo

child

seldo noun (meaning not quite clear, likely the masculine form of seldë "child", hence *"boy") (SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23)

tyelca

swift, agile

tyelca ("k")adj. "swift, agile" (KYELEK), "hasty" (PM:353)

tár

king

tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.

yón

noun. region

eldatár

`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king

Quenya [Compound of elda and tar] Group: Neologism. Published by

Telerin 

er

cardinal. one

Erde

noun. Rest

Rest

Telerin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

emmë

noun. mother

anga

noun. iron

aráta

adjective. noble

galada

noun. tree

min

cardinal. one

minya

ordinal. first

éde

feminine name. Repose

Telerin [PE19/092; WJ/403; WJ/404; WJI/Estë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galla

noun. tree

Telerin [VT39/07; VT39/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

er

adjective. single

Sindarin [VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ernil

noun. prince

A noun for “prince” appearing in phrases like Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” (LotR/768) and Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” (UT/245). Its initial element is likely a reduced form of aran “king, noble person”; compare to ar(a)- “noble” of similar origin. If so, the a became e due to i-affection. The final -il is harder to explain, because normally -il is a feminine suffix. Perhaps it is a reduction of hîl “heir”, so that the literal meaning is “✱king’s heir, royal heir”.

Conceptual Development: N. ernil also appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/287).

Sindarin [Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807; UT/245] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ereg

noun. holly

_ n. Bot. _holly. >> Eregion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

erui

adjective. single, alone

The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

Sindarin [TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

erui

adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)

The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

Sindarin [TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ernil

noun. prince

Sindarin [LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308, UT/428, RGEO/75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Sindarin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

Sindarin [Ety/356, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

erin

preposition. on the

Sindarin [SD/129-31] or+i, MS *œrin. Group: SINDICT. Published by

laer

noun. summer

Sindarin [LotR/1107; PM/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er

alone

(adjectival prefix) er- (one, lone)

er

single

1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)

er

alone

(one, lone)

er

single

(pl. ir) (VT48:6)

eredh

germ

eredh (seed), pl. eridh

eredh

germ

(seed), pl. eridh

Eru

the one

as a name of God: #Eru, isolated from CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

Eru

god

(the One) #Eru, isolated from Eruchín** **"children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. *Eruchen).

erch

prickle

(noun) erch (pl. irch); see also SPINE.

ercha

prick

(i ercha, in erchar)

ereb

lonely

ereb (isolated), pl. erib

ereb

lonely

(isolated), pl. erib

eredh

seed

eredh (germ), pl. eridh

eredh

seed

(germ), pl. eridh

ernil

prince

1) ernil (no distinct pl. form), 2) †cund (i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24). 3) The plural form conin (i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see SHOUT, VALOUR)

eru

god

isolated from Eruchín "children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. ✱Eruchen).

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

erui

alone

erui (first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic *eriaul.

erui

alone

(first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic ✱eriaul.

erui

single

erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini

eru

noun. God

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erch

prickle

(pl. irch); see also

ernil

prince

(no distinct pl. form)

eru

the one

isolated from

eruchen

children of the one

)

erui

single

(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**

laer

summer

laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.

laer

summer

(no distinct pl. form). Note:  a homophone means ”song”.

emel

noun. mother

A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).

Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.

Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.

caun

noun. prince, ruler

Sindarin [LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308] MS *kaun, Q. cáno. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

emel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emig

noun. "litte mother"

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emig

noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

emig

little mother

(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

naneth

mother

naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

naneth

mother

(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

edren

adjective. outer

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

e

outer

(adjectival prefix) e-, ed-

e

outer

ed

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

Sindarin [LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/060; PE17/063; PE17/097; PE17/136; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; SA/kal; UT/267] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hên

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.

Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).

Sindarin [LR/322; MR/373; S/198; SA/híni; UT/057; UT/140; VT50/12; VT50/18; WJ/160; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

Ara-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ar-, Arathorn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:113] < S. _aran_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ar-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ara-, Arathorn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:113] < S. _aran_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:50] < *_galadā _a large plant (general term), tree < GALA grow like plants. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:136] < *_galaða_ < *_galadā_ < GAL to grow (like a plant). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lagor

adjective. swift, rapid

The form lhegin in the published Etymologies might be a misreading for lhegrin, see VT/45:25. As noted by Bertrand Bellet, the two forms are listed side by side, and they may simply be doublets, but it is also possible that we have here a singular followed by its plural.

Sindarin [Ety/367, VT/45:25, Tengwestie/20050318, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

Sindarin [LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:89] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

Sindarin [WJ/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

Sindarin [Parviphith] Published by

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

air

adjective. lonely

Sindarin [PE17/028; VT50/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aenor

noun. god

A neologism for “a god” opposed to “God” (Eru), based on Gnomish ain. A direct adaptation of the Gnomish form would be aen, but that conflicts with aen “should be”; Fiona Jallings suggested the extended form aenor in a Discord chat in August 2019.

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

adleitha

release

(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

ar

outside

(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)

aran

king

1) (king of a region) aran (pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural). 2) (king of a people)taur (i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. _T_Ā to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

aran

king

(pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural).

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

ardh

region

1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

bâl

divine

(adj.) bâl, lenited vâl, pl. bail. Note: the word can also be used as a noun "divinity, divine power".

bâl

divine

lenited vâl, pl. bail. Note: the word can also be used as a noun "divinity, divine power".

conin

prince

(i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see

e

out

e, ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition: (WJ:367)

e

out

ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition:

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

he

she

he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

he

she

hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*

hên

child

hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

hên

child

(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)

lend

sweet

(tuneful), pl. lind. Note: a homophone means ”way, journey”. No Sindarin adjective describing sweet taste occurs in published material.

melui

sweet

1) (= lovely) melui (lenited velui; no distinct pl. form) (VT42:18). 2) lend (tuneful), pl. lind. Note: a homophone means ”way, journey”. No Sindarin adjective describing sweet taste occurs in published material.

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

or

on

(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

taur

king

(i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

îdh

repose

îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

repose

(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

rest

_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),

ang

noun. iron

Sindarin [PM/347; RC/020; SA/anga] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ann

noun. gift

Sindarin [PE17/090; PE22/163] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gardh

noun. region

Sindarin [UT/034; WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laich

adjective. sweet

Sindarin [PE17/148; PE17/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mein

ordinal. first

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT42/10; VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

balaen

adjective. divine

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bâl

adjective. divine

@@@ GS/241

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

eth

adverb/adjective. outside

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Sindarin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Sindarin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/428, PM/347] Group: SINDICT. Published by

angren

adjective. of iron

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ann

noun. gift

n. gift.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:90] < _annā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

anw

noun. gift

Sindarin [PE 22:163] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

anw

noun. gift

ara

noun. king

_ n. _king. 

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

Sindarin [Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

noun. great region, province

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

noun. world

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

bo

preposition. on

Sindarin [VT/44:21,26] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caun

prince

pl1. cónin {ō} n. prince, chief, head.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:102] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

celeg

adjective. swift, agile, hasty

Sindarin [Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cund

noun. prince

Sindarin [Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. world

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hên

noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)

Sindarin [WJ/403] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lain

adjective. free, freed

Sindarin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

leich

adjective. sweet

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Sindarin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lim

adjective. swift

adj. swift. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. 'Run swift, run swift Asfaloth'. Q. limbe,#linta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:147] < *_lĭmbĭ_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minai

adjective. single, distinct, unique

Sindarin [Ety/373, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

send

noun. (?) rest

Sindarin [sennas RC/523] Group: SINDICT. Published by

senn

noun. (?) rest

Sindarin [sennas RC/523] Group: SINDICT. Published by

îdh

noun. rest, repose

Sindarin [WJ/403] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Ēd

noun. Rest

Dor. Rest

Sindarin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

adleitha

release

(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleithian

release

pl. adleithiain

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

ang

iron

ang; adj.

ang

iron

; adj.

angren

of iron

(pl. engrin);

angwedh

iron-bond

(pl. engwidh)

ant

gift

ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

ant

gift

pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

ar

outside

(without)

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

celeg

swift

1) celeg (agile), lenited geleg, pl. celig, 2) lagor, analogical pl. legyr, 3) legrin (rapid), no distinct pl. form, 4) lint (no distinct pl. form)

celeg

swift

(agile), lenited geleg, pl. celig

cund

prince

(i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24).

dartha

remain

dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)

dartha

remain

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

eitha

prick with a sharp point

(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

lagor

swift

analogical pl. legyr

lebethron

oak tree

.

legrin

swift

(rapid), no distinct pl. form

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

leithian

release

(freeing), pl. leithiain

lint

swift

(no distinct pl. form)

melui

sweet

(lenited velui; no distinct pl. form) (VT42:18).

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

nasta

prick

(i nasta, in nastar) (point, stick, thrust)

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

ortha

raise

ortha- (i ortha, in orthar);

ortha

raise

(i ortha, in orthar);

orthad

raising

(MR:373)

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

po

on

(lenited bo) (VT44:23)

rêg

holly

rêg (construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh rîg). See also LOW-GROWING TREE

rêg

holly

(construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh** rîg**). See also

Noldorin 

eredh

noun. seed, germ

Noldorin [Ety/356] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Noldorin [TI/312; TII/Ereg; WR/436; WRI/Erui] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erch

noun. prickle

Noldorin [Ety/ERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ereg

adjective. first

ernil

noun. prince

erch

noun. prickle

Noldorin [Ety/356] Group: SINDICT. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Noldorin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

Noldorin [Ety/356, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eregdos

noun. holly, holly-tree

Noldorin [Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395] ereg+toss. Group: SINDICT. Published by

loer

noun. summer

naneth

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the (Noldorin-only?) root ᴹ√NAN (Ety/NAN). It apparently replaced archaic/poetic N. †emil (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon had a similar set of words for “mother”: G. maba, mabir, baba, and mavwin from the early root ᴱ√maƀ “something nice” (GL/57). The last of these appeared as G. mavwen “ancestress” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, with an archaic meaning of “mother” and variant forms mafwyn and mavuin (PE13/115). In these slips, it seems the normal “mother” word was G. nân (originally glossed “father”) with variant nanwin (PE13/115). This last word is likely the direct precursor of N. naneth.

Neo-Sindarin: I would use S. emel from the late 1960s as the normal word for “mother” in Neo-Sindarin, but would retain N. naneth as a dialectical or more formal variant.

Noldorin [Ety/AM¹; Ety/NAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [VT/45:5] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nana

noun. mother, mummy

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naneth

noun. mother

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhagr

adjective. swift, rapid

The form lhegin in the published Etymologies might be a misreading for lhegrin, see VT/45:25. As noted by Bertrand Bellet, the two forms are listed side by side, and they may simply be doublets, but it is also possible that we have here a singular followed by its plural.

Noldorin [Ety/367, VT/45:25, Tengwestie/20050318, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

he

pronoun. she

min

cardinal. one

Noldorin [Ety/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Noldorin [Ety/ANGĀ; Ety/WED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ant

noun. gift

Noldorin [Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cunn

noun. prince

Noldorin [Ety/KUNDŪ; EtyAC/KUNDŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edhen

adjective. first

Noldorin [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302; TI/249] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/ÓR-NI; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/NEL; EtyAC/ORO; LR/041; SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhain

adjective. free

Noldorin [EtyAC/RAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Noldorin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ant

noun. gift

Noldorin [Ety/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

he

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hen

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hene

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ortha-

verb. to raise

Noldorin [Ety/379] Group: SINDICT. Published by

âr

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

Noldorin [Ety/389] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/428, PM/347] Group: SINDICT. Published by

angren

adjective. of iron

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

Noldorin [Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-] Group: SINDICT. Published by

celeg

adjective. swift, agile, hasty

Noldorin [Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cunn

noun. prince

Noldorin [Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hen(e)

pronoun. she

leithia-

verb. to release

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Noldorin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhain

adjective. free, freed

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhein

adjective. free, freed

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lheithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Noldorin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lheitho

verb. to release

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minei

adjective. single, distinct, unique

Noldorin [Ety/373, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

taur

noun. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes)

In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

Noldorin [Ety/389, Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Ídh

noun. Rest

Rest

Noldorin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

âr

noun. king

Primitive elvish

emer

noun. mother

ler

root. free

A root appearing twice in a list of roots from 1959-60, the first time described as “free (of moveable things or moving things), able to move as willed, unimpeded, unhampered, loose, not fixed fast or static” and the second time as “am free to do, sc., am under no restraint (physical or other)” (VT41/5-6). In the second instance it was compared to √POL which had the sense of being physically able to do something. It seems that √LER = “able to do something because there is nothing preventing it” vs. √POL = “able to something because of physical ability”. It might also be contrasted with √LEK which has the sense of freeing something that was once bound, whereas with √LER the thing that is free may have never been bound in the first place.

Primitive elvish [PE17/160; VT41/05; VT41/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. mother

For most of Tolkien’s life, the Primitive Elvish root for “mother” was √AM. This began with the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien gave the root as ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹ√AM with derivatives ᴹQ. amil and (archaic) N. emil “mother” (Ety/AM¹). In Quenya prayers of the 1950s, the word for mother was Q. Amille. In the last few years of his life, however, Tolkien toyed with the notion of changing this root to √EM. In notes associated with Eldarinwe Leperi are Notessi written in the late 1960s, Tolkien first gave the root as am, but then wrote em next to it with a question mark, along with several new em-derivatives (VT48/19 note #16). The Q. affectionate word emme for “mommy” appeared in the main article, indicating Tolkien did, in fact, adopt this new root, at least for some period of time.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Quenya writing, I personally prefer to ignore this late change to the root for “mother” and stick with the √AM-forms Tolkien used for most of his life. However, the √AM-forms were less stable in the Sindarin branch of the languages, so I’d use √EM-forms like S. emel and emig, and would assume √AM and √EM were variants of the root, as they were on VT48/19 (see above).

Primitive elvish [VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amal

noun. mother

Primitive elvish [PE21/83; VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amas

noun. mother

amma

noun. mother

amme

noun. mother

em

root. mother

emel

noun. mother

anga

root. iron

The root √ANGA was established as the Primitive Elvish root for “iron” quite early in Tolkien’s writing, with the derivatives Q. anga and S. ang. The form ANGA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/31) serving as both the root and the Early Qenya form, and G. ang appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19). The root ᴹ√ANGĀ reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ANGĀ), and it appeared once more in notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/366).

Primitive elvish [PM/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khin

root. child

A root appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 with the gloss “child” (PE17/157), and again in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 with the same gloss (WJ/403). It was the basis for the words Q. hína and S. hên “child”, which were probably inspired by the Adûnaic patronymic suffix -hin that Tolkien introduced in the 1940s as part of Êruhin “Child of God” (SD/358), originally an Adûnaic word but later on used in Sindarin (Let/345; MR/330). This root might be a later iteration of the early root ᴱ√HILI from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives had to do with children (QL/40). As evidence of this, the Adûnaic word was first given as Eruhil (SD/341).

Primitive elvish [PE17/157; WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rindi

adjective. swift

Primitive elvish [PE21/81] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angā

noun. iron

Primitive elvish [PM/347] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annā

noun. gift

Primitive elvish [PE17/090; SA/anna] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gardā

noun. region

Primitive elvish [WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imin

masculine name. One

Primitive elvish [NM/055; NM/060; WJ/380; WJ/421; WJI/Imin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khīnā

noun. child

Primitive elvish [WJ/403] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lisyā

adjective. sweet

Primitive elvish [PE17/148; PE17/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Primitive elvish [NM/060; WJ/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Primitive elvish [VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

ammê

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” (SD/434). Tolkien gave two forms of this word, ammî and ammê, with no indication as to which would be preferred. However, ammî resembles a plural word, and Tolkien elsewhere stated that such forms tended to change their final vowel to (SD/438), so my guess is that ammî is an archaic form. This word is probably related to the Elvish root √AM “mother”. Some authors have suggested it is directly related to ᴹQ. amme (AAD/10, AL/Adûnaic), but as Andreas Moehn points out (EotAL/MAM) such basic words are rarely borrowed from other languages, so the relationship is more likely from the Primitive Elvish root.

hi

pronoun. she

A pronominal prefix, the feminine singular pronoun “she” (SD/247). It appears in the pseudo-phrase hi-Akallabêth “She-that-hath-fallen” in the sentence êphal êphalak îdô hi-Akallabêth and in the verb form hikalba “[she] fell” in the sentence Anadûnê zîrân hikalba “Númenor beloved fell (down)”. See the entry on pronominal-prefixes for more discussion.

zîrân

adjective. beloved

An adjective translated “(the) beloved” (SD/247), apparently formed from the verb zîr- “to love, desire” with the participle suffix -ân. Its placement in the sentence Anadûnê zîrân hikalba “Númenor beloved fell (down)” is unusual, since according to Tolkien adjectives normally precede the nouns they modify (SD/428). It is possible that the adjective here is being used as a noun “the beloved”, an idea supported by the translation of this sentence in the final manuscript: “Anadune the beloved she fell” (VT24/12). See the entry for the Adûnaic participle for further discussion.

Adûnaic [SD/247; VT24/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nud Reconstructed

preposition. on

A preposition attested only in the phrase “on us” in the Lament of Akallabêth, changing through the drafts as nēnum >> nēnu >> nēnud (SD/247, 312). Most authors identify -nud as the prepositional element (AAD/20, LGtAG, NBA/14), perhaps related to Q. nu “under”. If so, it may be a derivative of the Elvish roots √NŪ/UNU “under” or √NDU “down”, with a semantic shift to the meaning “on”.

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Reconstructed

noun. gift

An element in the name Yôzâyan “Land of Gift” (UT/184, SD/241). The final element of this name is zâyan “land”, so its initial element most likely means “gift”, as suggested by several authors (AAD/24, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/YAW), though Andreas Moehn points out this word could have the form yôz instead (EotAL/YAW).

ârû

noun. king

A noun translated as “king” (SD/429). The Adûnaic word for “queen” is not attested, but could be a feminized form of this word, such as ✱ârî.

Nandorin 

galad

noun. tree

Derived from galadâ "great growth", "tree", applied to stout and spreading trees such as oaks and beeches (UT:266, Letters:426; in the latter source, the root GAL is defined as "grow", intransitive). It is interesting to notice that this word, given in a source much later than the Etymologies that provides most of the Nandorin material, nonetheless agrees well with the older words cited by Tolkien: again we see the loss of original final , whereas original post-vocalic d is unchanged as in the word edel.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (Letters:426, MR:182, UT:266)] < GAL. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Nandorin [PE17/50] < galadā. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Nandorin [MR/182; PE17/050; PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Black Speech

ash

cardinal. one

Black Speech [LotR/0254; PE17/011] Group: Eldamo. Published by

u

preposition. to

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ash

cardinal. one

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

Khuzdûl

durin

masculine name. king

Khuzdûl [LotR/0305; LotRI/Durin; PE17/040; PM/304; PMI/Durin; RSI/Durin; SDI1/Durin; SI/Durin; TI/182; TII/Durin; UTI/Durin; WJI/Durin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

er

adjective. one

Gnomish [GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erw

adverb. only

nân

noun. mother

amil

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aust

noun. summer

Gnomish [GL/20; GL/63; LT2A/Tarnin Austa; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mab(a)

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/29; GL/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ost

noun. summer

Gnomish [GL/63; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaith

noun. mother

mabir

noun. mother

nanwin

noun. mother

safwen

noun. summer

ufra

adjective. outer

pui

noun. child

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “child” (GL/64), probably derived from the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

ang

noun. iron

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/48; LT1A/Angaino; LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Eriol; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tûr

noun. king

Gnomish [GG/15; GL/72; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ain

noun. god

Gnomish [GL/18; LT1A/Ainur; PE13/103; PE15/20; PE15/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alwen

noun. tree

Gnomish [GL/19; LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/109; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fegrin

adjective. free

galdon

noun. tree

Gnomish [LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/104; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

garth

adjective. beloved

glis

adjective. sweet

gûri

adjective. sweet

Gnomish [GL/43; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

idril

feminine name. Beloved

Gnomish [GG/11; GG/15; GL/50; LT2/216; LT2A/Idril; LT2I/Idril; LT2I/Irildë; PE13/099; PE13/103; PE13/104; PE15/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mandra

adjective. noble

Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/42; GL/62; LT2A/Galdor; LT2A/Hirilorn; PE13/109; PE13/115; PE13/116] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ôn

noun. gift

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ûthi

noun. outside

to

proper name. To

gur

adjective. sweet

tîr

noun. king

Qenya 

erume

noun. desert

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “desert” derived of the root ᴹ√ERE “be alone, deprived” and connected to the name ᴹQ. Eruman which was described in this document as a “desert N.E. of Valinor” (Ety/ERE).

erkasse

noun. holly

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. erkasse “holly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√ERÉK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK). In a rejected page from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. erke “holly” derived from the same root (PE22/127). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the (non-rejected) 1930s ercassë “holly”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, Tolkien had ᴱQ. piosenna “holly”, a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱQ. senna “red-brown” (QL/83; PME/83).

eresse

noun. solitude

eressea

adjective. lonely

erke

noun. holly

erde

noun. repose

úrien

proper name. Summer

Another name for laire “summer” in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/134). Its initial element seems to be Ûr “Sun”.

amil

noun. mother

amme

noun. mother

Qenya [Ety/AM¹; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laire

noun. summer

Qenya [EtyAC/LAYA; PE22/125; PM/134] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

seldo

noun. child, child [m.], *boy

A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.

Qenya [Ety/SEL-D; EtyAC/SEL-D] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

inga

adjective. first

minya

ordinal. first

mirima

adjective. free

ména

noun. region

(a)ranya

adjective. free

alda

noun. tree

Qenya [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/047; PE22/051; PE22/116; PE22/124; PE22/125; SD/302; TMME/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

noun. iron

Qenya [Ety/ANGĀ; EtyAC/ANGĀ; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anna

noun. gift

Qenya [Ety/ANA¹; LR/072; PE22/023; PE22/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aran

noun. king

Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/124; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enna

adjective. first

esta

adjective. first

Qenya [Ety/ESE; EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kundu

noun. prince

Qenya [Ety/KUNDŪ; EtyAC/KUNDŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tár

noun. king

Qenya [Ety/TĀ; LR/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mine

cardinal. one

ranya

adjective. free

Middle Primitive Elvish

eredē

noun. seed

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sel(d)

root. child, child; *daughter

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, initially glossed “daughter” but later “child” with derivatives ᴹQ. selde, ᴹQ. seldo, ᴹQ. selda = female, male and neuter “child” (Ety/SEL-D). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 Tolkien gave sel-de “daughter” (PE17/170), while S. sel(l) = “daughter” appeared in both the King’s Letter from the late 1940s (SD/129) as well as the Túrin Wrapper from the 1950s (VT50/5). The diminutive form for “daughter” appeared as Q. selyë in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/10).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer √YEL for “daughter” as a variant of ᴹ√SEL(D) under the influence of √YON “son”, mostly so I can still use the 1930s “child” words for other genders, at least in the Quenya branch. I would still use Q. seldë and S. sell for “daughter”, however, with a bit of semantic drift, with “girl” words becoming Q. nettë and S. neth.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SEL-D; Ety/TIN; EtyAC/TIN; EtyAC/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amī̆l

noun. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galad

root. tree

The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/GALA; Ety/GALAD; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sī̆/sē̆

pronoun. she

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/S] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

root. iron

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ANGĀ; EtyAC/ANGĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edenā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadā

noun. tree

Middle Primitive Elvish [SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kundu

root. prince

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUNDŪ; Ety/PHÉLEG; EtyAC/KUNDŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

settā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tār(ō)

noun. king

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TĀ; PE21/55] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lak

root. swift

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

eressea

adjective. lonely

Early Quenya [GL/33; LT1A/Tol Eressëa; PE14/047; PE14/079; PE15/74; PME/036; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ere-

prefix. out

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erefainu

noun. release

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erevainu

noun. release

arqilis

noun. desert

A word given in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “desert”, apparently a noun formation from ᴱQ. arqa “arid, parched, dry” (QL/32).

Early Quenya [PME/032; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ama

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambi

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amis

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

avesta

noun. summer

Early Quenya [PE13/137; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(m)ambe

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaimi

noun. mother

ambe

noun. mother

ammi

noun. mother

saiwali

noun. summer

Early Quenya [PME/081; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

âmi

noun. mother

tur

noun. king

Early Quenya [LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT1A/Sorontur; PE13/154; PE16/138; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

an

noun. gift

Early Quenya [GL/62; QL/031] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

noun. iron

Early Quenya [GL/19; LT1/100; LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Tilkal; PE13/159; PE14/107; QL/031; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar

noun. child

Early Quenya [PE13/160; PE16/135; PME/032; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faika

adjective. free

Early Quenya [QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faire

adjective. free

Early Quenya [LT1A/Dor Faidwen; PE12/016; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hil(de)

noun. child

Early Quenya [GL/49; PME/040; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

líse

adjective. sweet

Early Quenya [GL/39; QL/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mile

noun. seed

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/082; PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mir

cardinal. one

Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orne

noun. tree

Early Quenya [PE13/164; PE16/080; PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

suksa

adjective. sweet

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sutya

adjective. sweet

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tongo

noun. iron

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vala

noun. God

Early Quenya [GL/18; GL/21; LBI/Valar; LT1/061; LT1A/Valar; LT1I/Valar; LT2A/Valar; LT2I/Valar; PE13/103; PE14/010; PE15/08; PE15/21; PE15/72; PME/099; QL/039; QL/099] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vardo

noun. prince

Early Quenya [LT2A/Tevildo] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arne

noun. child

el

adverb/adjective. one

kolimen

noun. prick

Early Quenya [QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orme

noun. tree

piosenna

noun. holly

Early Quenya [LT2A/Silpion; PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rauka

adjective. swift

turanion

noun. prince

turillo

noun. prince

Early Quenya [PME/096; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túranu

noun. king

Early Quenya [QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túrion

noun. prince

vardar

noun. king

Early Quenya [LT1A/Varda; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

áno

noun. gift

Early Primitive Elvish

eře

root. out

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

kenye

root. prick

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “prick” (QL/46). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eðe

root. out

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Eruman; LT1A/Neni Erúmëar; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ornĕ

noun. tree

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/116; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ese

root. out

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

er Reconstructed

cardinal. one

The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).

aman

noun. mother

Ilkorin for “mother” (Ety/AM¹), also appearing in its plural form emnin (EtyAC/AM¹).

Doriathrin [Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

reg

noun. holly

A Doriathrin noun for “holly” attested only in the plural forms regin and region (Ety/ERÉK). It also appeared as an element in the word regorn “holly-tree”. It seems that the latter word replaced reg in the singular, and the original survived only in the plurals, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/regorn).

Doriathrin [Ety/ERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gald

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√GÁLAD (Ety/GALAD), probably from a primitive form ✱✶galadā with the second a lost due to the Ilkorin Syncope. Note that the first element [[ilk|[gal-] did not reduce to [gl-]]] because the initial syllable was stressed in the primitive word.

Doriathrin [Ety/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√ÓR-NI or ᴹ√ÓRON (Ety/ÓR-NI, EtyAC/NEL). According Tolkien, it was “in Doriath used especially of beech, but as a suffix [it was] used of any tree of any size” (Ety/ÓR-NI). The root ᴹ√ÓR-NI in The Etymologies suggests a primitive form of ᴹ✶ornĭ, but elsewhere Tolkien indicated the primitive form was ᴹ✶ornē (e.g. on SD/302). Both primitive forms would have produced Ilk. orn, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/orn).

Doriathrin [Ety/NEL; Ety/ÓR-NI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tôr

noun. king

A noun for “king” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tār(ō), also appearing in its plural form tórin (Ety/TĀ, BAL). Tolkien said that it was “only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes”, though apparently it also survived in compounds like Torthurnion “King of Eagles” (Ety/THOR) and Balthor “Vala-king” (Ety/BAL). It is an example of how [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tôr).

Doriathrin [Ety/BAL; Ety/TĀ; Ety/THIN; Ety/THOR; EtyAC/BAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

awest

noun. summer

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/153; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aust

noun. summer

arn

noun. child, child, [G.] son

A word appearing as G. arn “son” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/20), also appearing with the same form and meaning in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, but with a new plural form eirn (PE13/110). The word reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s but there its gloss was changed from “son” to “child” (PE13/137). In the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s its only gloss was “child” (PE13/160). There is no sign of this word thereafter.

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thing

noun. prince

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arog

adjective. swift, swift, [G.] rushing, torrential

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Early Noldorin [PE13/151; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tîr

noun. king

Early Noldorin [PE13/148; PE13/154; PE13/155] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

hi Reconstructed

root. she

A Primitive Adûnaic form attested as i “she” (SD/435), but given the later feminine pronoun Ad. hi, the actual primitive pronoun must have been ✱HI [xi]. The suffix -i was also a common feature of Classical Adûnaic feminine-nouns.

Primitive adûnaic [SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

ar

noun. child

Solosimpi [PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

aran

noun. king

Old Noldorin [PE22/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

et-

prefix. out

Old Noldorin [Ety/LED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Westron

tûrac

noun. king

Westron [PM/053; PM/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Rohirric

arod

masculine name. Swift

Rohirric [LotRI/Arod; RSI/Arod; SDI1/Arod; TI/402; TII/Arod; WRI/Arod] Group: Eldamo. Published by