Quenya 

olos

snow, fallen snow

olos (2) noun "snow, fallen snow" (prob. oloss-, cf. the longer form olossë below; this form should be preferred since olos also = "dream, vision") (GOLOS)

olossë

snow, fallen snow

olossë noun "snow, fallen snow" (GOLÓS, LOT[H])

fauta-

to snow

fauta- vb. *"to snow" (actually glossed fauta = "it snows") (GL:35)

hriz-

to snow

#hriz- vb. "to snow", impersonal, given in the form hríza "it is snowing". Normally z would turn to r in Exilic Quenya, but since two r's close to one another were disliked, it may be that hriz- became *hris- instead (compare razë "sticks out" becoming rasë instead of **rarë, PE19:73) Past tense hrinsë (with s from the original root SRIS) and another form which the editor tentatively reads as hrissë (the development ns > ss is regular). (PE17:168)

fáwë

snow

fáwë vb. "snow" (GL:35; rather lossë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

lossë

snow

lossë (1) noun "snow" or adj. "snow-white" (SA:los, MC:213, VT42:18); losselië noun"white people" (MC:216, PE16:96)

niquë

snow

niquë (2) ("q")noun "snow" (NIK-W)

lossë

noun/adjective. snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy

The general Quenya word for “snow” derived from the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; VT42/18), more specifically “fallen snow” (RGEO/61), as opposed to a “snow fall” or “✱falling snow” which is hrissë (PE17/168). At various points Tolkien said this word could also be used as an adjective “snowy, snow-white” (RGEO/61; PE17/161), but I would do so only in poetry or in compounds. For more ordinary speech, I would use the adjective form lossëa for clarity (PE17/71, 161; VT42/18). Strictly speaking, the noun and adjective forms of lossë have distinct primitive origins: ✶lossē “snow” vs. ✶lossĭ “snowy, snow-white” (PE17/161), so the stem form of the adjective would be lossi-.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a word ᴹQ. olosse “snow, fallen snow” derived from the root ᴹ√GOLOS; Tolkien modified the entry to mark this form as poetic (†) and gave it a variant olos (Ety/GOLÓS).

Cognates

  • S. loss “snow” ✧ PE17/026; PE17/161; SA/los; RGEO/61

Derivations

  • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/026; RGEO/61; SA/los; VT42/18
  • lossē “snow” ✧ PE17/161
    • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/161; VT42/18
  • lossĭ “snowy, snow-white” ✧ PE17/161
    • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/161

Element in

  • Q. lairelossë “summer-snow-white, species of tree in Númenor”
  • Q. lossëa “snowy, (snow) white” ✧ PE17/161; VT42/18
  • Q. losselië telerinwa “*the white people of the shores of Elfland” ✧ PE16/096
  • Q. Oiolossë “Ever (Snow) White” ✧ PE17/161; RGEO/61; SA/los

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
LŎS > losse[losse]✧ PE17/026
lossē > losse[lossē] > [losse]✧ PE17/161
lossĭ > losse[lossi] > [losse]✧ PE17/161
los > losse[losse]✧ RGEO/61
los > lossë[losse]✧ SA/los
(G)LOS > lossë[glosse] > [ɣlosse] > [losse]✧ VT42/18

Variations

  • losse ✧ PE16/096; PE17/026; PE17/161; PE17/161; RGEO/61
  • lossë ✧ SA/los; VT42/18
Quenya [PE16/096; PE17/026; PE17/161; RGEO/61; SA/los; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

los

noun. snow

los

snow

{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

loss

noun. snow

The usual Sindarin word for “snow” (Let/278; PE17/161; RGEO/62), especially fallen and long-lying snow (VT42/18), derived from primitive ✶lossē (PE17/161) based on the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; RGEO/62). It sometimes appeared in a shorter form los (PE17/26, 161). See the entry on [s] for a discussion of these long vs. short variations; for purposes of Neo-Sindarin loss is probably preferable.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest iteration of this word was G. glui “snow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, likely related to nearby words like G. gloss “white” (GL/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gloss from the root ᴹ√GOLOS was both noun “snow” and adjective “snow-white” (Ety/GOLÓS), but in later writing Tolkien split these into S loss “snow” (see above) and S. gloss “(dazzling) white” (RGEO/62; VT42/18).

Cognates

  • Q. lossë “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy” ✧ PE17/026; PE17/161; SA/los; RGEO/61

Derivations

  • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/026; RGEO/61; SA/los; VT42/18
  • lossē “snow” ✧ PE17/161
    • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/161; VT42/18

Element in

  • S. Aeglos “Snow-point” ✧ SA/los
  • S. aeglos “icicle, (lit.) snow-point; snowthorn (a plant)”
  • S. Amon Uilos “Hill of Ever-snow” ✧ SA/los
  • S. Fanuilos “Bright (Angelic) Figure upon Uilos” ✧ Let/278
  • S. Lossarnach “Flowery Arnarch” ✧ VT42/18
  • S. lossen “snowy” ✧ RGEO/62
  • S. Lossoth “Snowmen” ✧ PE17/161; RGEO/62
  • S. Nimphelos “Pale ?Snow”
  • S. Uilos “Ever-snow”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
LŎS > los[lossē] > [losse] > [loss]✧ PE17/026
lossē > loss[lossē] > [losse] > [loss]✧ PE17/161
los > loss[lossē] > [losse] > [loss]✧ RGEO/61
los > loss[lossē] > [losse] > [loss]✧ SA/los
(G)LOS > loss[lossē] > [losse] > [loss]✧ VT42/18

Variations

  • los ✧ PE17/026
  • lŏs ✧ PE17/161
  • Loss ✧ VT42/18
Sindarin [Let/278; PE17/026; PE17/161; RGEO/62; SA/los; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

loss

noun. snow

_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

loss

noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)

Sindarin [S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Sindarin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loss

fallen snow

loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.)

loss

snow

(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

loss

snow

(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.  

lossen

snowy

(pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.

lossoth

snow-men

(a coll. pl.)

nínim

snowdrop

(”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. – The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)

Primitive elvish

lossē

noun. snow

Derivations

  • (G)LOS “snow, whiteness” ✧ PE17/161; VT42/18

Derivatives

  • Q. lossë “snow, fallen snow; snow-white, snowy” ✧ PE17/161
  • S. loss “snow” ✧ PE17/161

Variations

  • loss- ✧ VT42/18
Primitive elvish [PE17/161; VT42/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sris

root. snow

An apparently verbal root as √SRIS “snow” appearing in etymological notes from around 1959 with derivatives like Q. hrisse “fall of snow” and Q. hríza “it is snowing”; it replaced a deleted root √SRITH “snow” (PE17/168).

Derivatives

  • Q. hriz- “to snow” ✧ PE17/168
  • Q. hrissë “fall of snow” ✧ PE17/168

Element in

  • Q. hristil “snow (?peak)” ✧ PE17/168
Primitive elvish [PE17/168; PE17/185] Group: Eldamo. Published by

srith

root. snow

Derivatives

  • Q. hrisya- “to snow (impersonal)” ✧ PE17/168
Primitive elvish [PE17/168] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Noldorin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

olos(se)

noun. snow, fallen snow

Changes

  • olosseolos/olosse “snow, fallen snow” ✧ Ety/GOLÓS

Cognates

  • N. gloss “snow, snow-white” ✧ Ety/GOLÓS

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GOLOS “*snow, white” ✧ Ety/GOLÓS; Ety/LOT(H)

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Oiolosse “Everlasting Whiteness”
  • ᴹQ. Iolosse “ever-snow, Everlasting Snow”
  • ᴹQ. Ialasse “Everlasting Whiteness”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GOLÓS > olosse[golosse] > [ɣolosse] > [olosse]✧ Ety/GOLÓS
ᴹ√GOLÓS > olos/olosse[golosse] > [ɣolosse] > [olosse]✧ Ety/GOLÓS
ᴹ√GOLÓS > olosse[golosse] > [ɣolosse] > [olosse]✧ Ety/LOT(H)

Variations

  • olosse ✧ Ety/GOLÓS (olosse); Ety/LOT(H)
  • olos/olosse ✧ Ety/GOLÓS (olos/olosse)
Qenya [Ety/GOLÓS; Ety/LOT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqe

noun. snow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NIK-W > niqe[nikwe]✧ Ety/NIK-W

Old Noldorin 

losse

noun. snow

Element in

  • On. Uigolosse “Everlasting snow” ✧ Ety/OY
Old Noldorin [Ety/OY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

noun. snow

A noun for “snow” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/35). It was first glossed “a hoard”, probably a cognate of ᴱQ. foa “hoard” under the root the early root ᴱ√FOƷO (QL/38), but its gloss was revised and it was given an new Qenya cognate ᴱQ. fáwe. This change in gloss probably reflects a new root, but nothing in the Qenya Lexicon seems appropriate.

Cognates

  • Eq. fáwe “snow” ✧ GL/35

Derivations

Element in

glui

noun. snow

Derivations

Element in

  • G. Mablui “Hand of Snow” ✧ GL/40

Early Primitive Elvish

ƕawa Speculative

root. snow

A hypothetical root explaining words in the Gnomish Lexicon such as ᴱQ. fáwe/G. “snow” and ᴱQ. fauta-/G. fôtha- “to snow” (GL/35). Given the existence of ᴱ√FAWA “smell”, I theorize this root may be slightly different, perhaps ?ᴱ√ǶAWA, but that’s just a guess. There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

fáwe

noun. snow

A Qenya noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. “snow” (GL/35).

Cognates

  • G. “snow” ✧ GL/35

Derivations

Element in

  • Eq. fauta- “to snow” ✧ GL/35
Early Quenya [GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqis

noun. snow

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NIQI “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NIQI > niqis[niqiss] > [niqis]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • niqis- ✧ PME/066
Early Quenya [LT1A/Taniquetil; PME/066; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by