-tur

suffix. master, lord, ruler, master, lord, ruler, [ᴹQ.] victor

Cognates

• S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

• √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong” ✧ SA/tur

Element in

• Q. Axantur “*Master of Law”
• Q. Ciryatur “*Ship-master”
• ᴺQ. cöantur “householder, master of the house”
• Q. Falastur “Lord of the Coasts”
• Q. Fëanturi “Masters of Spirits” ✧ SA/tur
• Q. Malantur “?Golden Lord”
• ᴺQ. mandontur “jailer”
• Q. Minyatur “First-ruler” ✧ SA/tur
• ᴺQ. nóretur “governer, (lit.) country-ruler”
• ᴺQ. nossetur “patriarch, family head”
• ᴺQ. atartur “patriarch, (lit.) master-father”
• Q. Turambar “Master of Doom, Master of Fate” ✧ SA/tur
• Q. Turondo “Lord of Stone”
• ᴺQ. tuxantur “centurion”
• Q. Vëantur

Elements

Word	Gloss
turo	“master, victor, lord”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√tur > tur	[tur]	✧ SA/tur

Variations

• tur ✧ SA/tur

turu-

master, defeat, have victory over

turu- (1) vb. "master, defeat, have victory over" (PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo "Victory-prince" is listed immediately afterwards). Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna.

cundu

prince

†cundu ("k")noun "prince" (KUNDŪ; the "†_" indicating that this word is poetic or archaic was omitted in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:24)._ Cf. condo.

condo

prince, leader; lord

condo ("k")noun "prince, leader; lord" (PE17:113,117); possibly replaces cundu, q.v.

cáno

commander

cáno ("k") noun "commander", usually as the title of a lesser chief, especially one acting as the deputy of one higher in rank (PM:345, SA:káno PM:362 indicates that cáno originially meant "crier, herald"); "ruler, governor, chieftain" (UT:400), "leader" (PE17:113).Masc. name Cáno, see Canafinwë. The word cáno ("k") also occurred in the Etymologies with the gloss "chief", but Tolkien changed it to cánë "valour" (VT45:19).

hesto

captain

hesto noun "captain" (VT45:22; the word is not explictly identified as Quenya but can hardly be any other language)

cáno

noun. commander, chief(tain), ruler, governor; †crier, herald

Cognates

• S. -gon “lord, prince, lord, prince; [N.] valour”
• T. cáno “herald” ✧ PM/362

Derivations

• ✶kānō “leader, ruler; crier, herald” ✧ PM/362
  • √KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare” ✧ PE17/113; PM/361
• √KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare” ✧ UT/400

Element in

• Q. Aracáno “High Chieftain” ✧ PM/345
• Q. Canafinwë “Strong-voiced Finwë”
• Q. Findecáno “*Hair Commander” ✧ PM/345
• Q. incánu “mind master”
• ᴺQ. nórecáno “governer, (lit.) country-leader”
• ᴺQ. nóriecáno “president”
• Q. tercáno “herald”
• Q. Turucáno “Ruling Lord, *(lit.) Victory Commander” ✧ PE17/117; PM/345

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kānō > káno	[kānō] > [kāno]	✧ PM/362
√kan- > cáno	[kānō] > [kāno]	✧ UT/400

Variations

• kāno ✧ PE17/117 (kāno)
• káno ✧ PM/345; PM/362; SA/káno

tulyando

noun. leader

Elements

Word	Gloss
tulya-	“to lead, to lead; [ᴱQ.] to bring, send”

caun

noun. prince, ruler

ernil

noun. prince

ernil

noun. prince

A noun for “prince” appearing in phrases like Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” (LotR/768) and Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” (UT/245). Its initial element is likely a reduced form of aran “king, noble person”; compare to ar(a)- “noble” of similar origin. If so, the a became e due to i-affection. The final -il is harder to explain, because normally -il is a feminine suffix. Perhaps it is a reduction of hîl “heir”, so that the literal meaning is “✱king’s heir, royal heir”.

Conceptual Development: N. ernil also appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/287).

Element in

• S. Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” ✧ UT/245
• S. Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807

Elements

Word	Gloss
aran	“king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)”
hîl	“heir”

Variations

• Ernil ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807; UT/245

tûr

noun. master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master

Derivations

• √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”

Element in

• S. Turamarth “Master of Doom” ✧ SA/amarth
• S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout”
• S. Túrin

Variations

• tur ✧ SA/amarth (tur)

caun

prince

pl1. cónin {ō} n. prince, chief, head.

cund

noun. prince

herdir

noun. master

herdir

noun. master

Changes

• herdir → Cherdir “master” ✧ AotM/062

Element in

• S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129

Elements

Word	Gloss
hîr	“lord, master”
dîr	“man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix”

hîr

noun. master, lord

ernil

prince

1) ernil (no distinct pl. form), 2) †cund (i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24). 3) The plural form conin (i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see SHOUT, VALOUR)

ernil

prince

(no distinct pl. form)

heron

master

(i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred.

tûr

master

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

tûr

master, mastery

(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath

conin

prince

(i chonin), occurring in the Cormallen Praise, is translated "princes" (Conin en Annûn = "princes of the west", Letters:308), but it is unclear what the singular would be. (David Salo suggests caun, though this word has two different meanings already; see

cund

prince

(i gund, o chund, construct cun), pl. cynd (i chynd) (VT45:24).

herdir

master

(noun) 1) herdir (i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or *”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath. 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22)._ Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred. 3) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)_ 4) (also used = ”mastery”) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath

herdir

master

(i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or ✱”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath.

hîr

master

(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9) 

orthor

master

(vb.) orthor (i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)

orthor

master

(i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)

hest

captain

hest (i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)

hest

captain

(i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)

hothron

noun. captain

Elements

Word	Gloss
hoth	“host, horde, host, horde, [N.] crowd; group plural; [ᴱN.] folk, [G.] people; †army”

kānō

noun. leader, ruler; crier, herald

Derivations

• √KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare” ✧ PE17/113; PM/361

Derivatives

• Q. cáno “commander, chief(tain), ruler, governor; †crier, herald” ✧ PM/362
• S. -gon “lord, prince, lord, prince; [N.] valour” ✧ PM/352
• T. cáno “herald” ✧ PM/362

Element in

• ✶Turukāno “Ruling Lord” ✧ PE17/113
• S. Fingon “Hair Shout” ✧ PM/352
• S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout” ✧ PM/352

Variations

• kāno ✧ PE17/113 (kāno)
• -kānō ✧ PM/352

wegō

suffix. a person of male nature (and fëa); ruler

Derivations

• √WEG “live, be active, live, be active; [ᴹ√] (manly) vigour” ✧ PE17/190

Derivatives

• Q. -wë “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)” ✧ PE17/190; PE21/81
• S. -we “person, being, individual, person, being, individual; [N.] masculine suffix” ✧ PE17/190

Variations

• wegū̆/wego ✧ PE17/190 (wegū̆/wego)
• -wēg(o) ✧ PE21/81

ernil

noun. prince

Element in

• N. Ernil a Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ WR/287

Elements

Word	Gloss
aran	“king, lord (of a specific region)”

Variations

• Ernil ✧ WR/287

heron

noun. master

cunn

noun. prince

cunn

noun. prince

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kundu “prince” ✧ Ety/KUNDŪ

Derivations

• ᴹ√KUNDU “prince” ✧ Ety/KUNDŪ

Element in

• N. Baragund “*Fiery-prince” ✧ Ety/KUNDŪ
• N. Belegund
• N. Felagund “Lord of Caves” ✧ Ety/KUNDŪ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KUND-Ū > cunn	[kundū] > [kundu] > [kundu] > [kund] > [kunn]	✧ Ety/KUNDŪ

orthor-

verb. to master, conquer

hîr

noun. master, lord