anta- (1) vb. "give" (ANA1, MC:215, 221), pa.t. antanë (antanen "I gave", VT49:14) or †ánë, perfect ánië (PE17:147, cf. QL:31). According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an "ironic tone" to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena "I gave him a spear (as a present)" was often used with the real sense of "I cast a spear at him". Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case (like sena in this example), but there is also a construction similar to English "present someone with something" in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, "I presented him with a book" (PE17:91). The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present (see -lto for the ending); antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" (pl.); antaróta "he gave it" (anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it"), another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro* "he will give" (LR:63) might later have appeared as antuvas (with the ending -s rather than "Qenya" -ro for "he"). Antalë imperative "give thou" (VT43:17), sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana** was at one point considered as another imperative "give", but Tolkien rewrote the text in question (VT44:13), and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle.
Quenya
anna
gift
anna
noun. gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present
Cognates
- S. ann “gift” ✧ PE22/163
Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE17/146
- Q. anta- “to give, present; †to add to” ✧ PE22/163
- ✶antā- “to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, [ᴹ✶] present” ✧ PE17/091; PE22/163
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE22/163
- ✶amtā- “to enlarge, increase” ✧ PE17/091
- √AMA “addition, increase, plus” ✧ PE17/091
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146
- ✶annā “gift” ✧ SA/anna
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”
Element in
- Q. Andor “Land of Gift” ✧ SA/anna
- Q. Annatar “Lord of Gifts” ✧ SA/anna
- Q. Eruanna “[God’s] Grace”
- Q. vardarianna “fragrant evergreen tree”
- Q. Yavanna “Giver of Fruits, (lit.) Fruit-gift” ✧ SA/anna
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ANA > anna [anna] ✧ PE17/091 √ANA/NĀ > anna [anna] ✧ PE17/146 ✶anna > anna [anna] ✧ SA/anna Variations
- anwa ✧ PE22/163
anwa
noun. gift
anta-
give
fenna
door
fenna noun "door" (PE17:45, 181)
fenna
noun. door
anna, anwa
noun. gift
Tarannon
high-gift
Tarannon masc. name; ?"High-gift"? Or, if -annon is a Sindarin-influenced form of andon "great gate" rather than a masculinized form of anna "gift", "Lord of the Gate"??? (Appendix A)
fende
noun. door
fendë
noun. door
A word appearing as {phende >>} fende “door” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 (PE22/166 and note #112). The deleted variant probably indicates its primitive form.
Conceptual Development: The earliest “door” word was ᴱQ. posta in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root {ᴱ√PONO >>} ᴱ√BOÐO (QL/75). Another precursor was ᴹQ. fenda “threshold” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PHEN (Ety/PHEN). In notes from December 1959 (D59) Tolkien gave Q. fenna as a derivative of √PHEN and cognate to S. fen, all meaning “door” (PE17/181).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer 1969 fendë as the word for “door”, but I think [ᴹQ.] fenda “threshold” might remain viable as a separate derivative of the root.
Changes
phende→ fende ✧ PE22/166Cognates
- S. fen(n) “door, door; [N.] threshold” ✧ PE17/045; PE17/181
Derivations
- √PHEN “door” ✧ PE17/181
Element in
- Q. á sac’ i fendë, mecin “close the door, please” ✧ PE22/166
- ᴺQ. fennatir “door-watcher”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √PHEN > fenna [pʰenna] > [ɸenna] > [fenna] ✧ PE17/181 Variations
- fenna ✧ PE17/045; PE17/181
- fende ✧ PE22/166
- phende ✧ PE22/166 (
phende)
anna noun "gift" (ANA1, SA), "a thing handed, brought or sent to a person" (PE17:125), also name of tengwa #23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar). Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" (VT43:38)