ba

preposition. in

bablon

place name. Babylon

bannoth gwî

masculine name. Bannoth Gwî

baim ulmgar

place name. Baim Ulmgar

bairos

masculine name. Bairos

barios

masculine name. Barios

bas-

verb. to bake

A verb appearing as G. bas- “bake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/22), based on the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/59).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would update this verb to ᴺS. basta- “to bake” for better compatibility with the later Quenya verb [ᴹQ.] masta-. I first saw this neologism suggested by Fiona Jallings (FJNS/339).

bacha

noun. jacket, coat

A noun appearing as G. bacha “jacket, coat” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with a deleted primitive form ᴱ✶baχa (GL/21).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. bach “jacket, coat” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

bab-

verb. to drink, quaff

A verb for “drink, quaff” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/21), perhaps an from an early root ✱ᴱ√BAPA.

bar(n)a-

verb. to dwell in (a land), till (land)

A verb appearing as G. {bartha- >>} bara- or barna- “dwell in, till (tr.)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/21), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” (QL/63). Its gloss is followed by a parenthentical comment “(land)”. Likely the original sense was “dwell in (a land)”, and from there it gained the sense “✱prepare a landing for dwelling” = “till (land), ✱cultivate”.

Neo-Sindarin: Since √MBAR continues to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would retain transitive ᴺS. barna- “to till (land), ✱cultivate” with an original sense “to dwell in (a land)”. Given this verb’s association with cultivation, however, I would use the later verb [N.] dortha- as the primary verb for “to dwell, stay, settle, ✱live (in a place)” (Ety/NDOR).

barn

adjective. tilled, inhabited

An adjective appearing as G. barn or baron “tilled, inhabited” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/21), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” (QL/63). As such, likely this word originally meant “inhabited” and the sense was later extended to “inhabited and prepared for cultivation” = “tilled”. As such it likely refers primarily to inhabited land rather than inhabited dwellings, and more specifically to tilled land inhabited by an agricultural people rather than simple hunter-gatherers.

Neo-Sindarin: Since √MBAR continues to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺS. baron “tilled, inhabited” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

barod

adverb. homewards, home

An adverb appearing as {bari, barthum >>} barod, barant in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s and glossed “homewards, home”, clearly based on G. bar “(at) home” (GL/21).

barthi

adverb. at home, home

An adverb appearing as barthi, barai in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s and glossed “at home, home”, with a simpler variant G. bar that was likely its basis (GL/21).

basbos

noun. splash

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “splash” (GL/22), probably derived from the root ᴱ√VASA like the similar Qenya word ᴱQ. vaska “making a plash or rush” (QL/100).

baul

noun. body, trunk

The word G. baul “body, trunk” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate of ᴱQ. pulka (GL/22), while ᴱQ. pulko “body, trunk, bole of tree” appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PULU “swell” (QL/75).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. polch for closer alignment with its (Neo) Quenya form. When applied to humans I would use it more with the sense “✱torso” (the main portion of the body) as opposed to the entire body, which would be S. rhond.

bactha

noun. leg

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for “a leg” (GL/21), clearly with a different etymology than ᴱQ. pelko “leg” (QL/73), probably derived instead from the early root ᴱ√VAHA “travel” (QL/99).

baptha-

verb. to feed; to take sup of

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “feed (with liquid, out of a spoon, etc.), to take a sup of (reflexive)”, a causative variant G. bab- “drink, quaff”, hence more literally “✱make drink” (GL/21).

barwen

noun. homestead

A noun for “homestead” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. bar “home” with the noun suffix G. -wen (GL/21).

basbotha-

verb. to splash

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “to splash”, an verb form of G. basbos “splash” (GL/22).

bascovas

noun. flapping and beating (especially of wings)

A word appearing as G. bascovas “flapping and beating, especially of wings” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a noun form of G. basga- “flap” (GL/22).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. blabed “flapping, beating (especially of wings)”, based on the later verb [N.] blab- “flap, beat” (Ety/PALAP).

bai

proper name. Outer Seas

baidha-

verb. to clothe

bail

noun. sheath, case, cover; pod

bain

adjective. clad

baith

noun. garment

bad uthwen

place name. Way of Escape

bal

noun. anguish, pain; evilness

balc

adjective. cruel, evil

balrog

proper name. (Evil) Demon

bansil

proper name. Fairgleam

babi

noun. mummy, mamma

bactha-

verb. to walk

bad

noun. path

bad

noun. building, outhouse, shed

bad-

verb. to travel

bada-

verb. to build

bag-

verb. to sell, trade

bagron

noun. trader

baith

noun. way, road, journey

baithri

noun. clothes, clothing

balt

adjective. rid, soluit, free

ban

noun. god, one of the Valar

band

noun. hell

bandra

adverb. away, gone, departed, lost

bang

noun. staff

bannoth

place name. Mandos

bant

noun. wall

bar

noun. home, dwelling

bara

noun. home, cottage

bara dhair haithin

place name. Cottage of the Lost Play

barc

noun. dread, terror

barchol

adjective. terrible, awful

bardha-

verb. to rule, reign

baron

adverb. from home, out, away, abroad

baros

noun. hamlet

bart

noun. change

bartha-

verb. to change, exchange, alter

basga-

verb. to flap

basgorn

noun. loaf (of bread)

bass

noun. wing, pinion

A noun for “wing, pinion” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the cognate of ᴱQ. vasse “wing” (GL/22) and hence also derived from the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100).

bast

noun. bread

baur

noun. house

balcmeg

masculine name. Heart of Evil

baba

noun. mummy, mamma

badweg

noun. traveller; pedlar

bageth

noun. market

bagri

noun. wares

baithon

proper name. Outer Airs

bald

adjective. *worthy

baldrin

adjective. mighty

banc

noun. trade

barai

adverb. at home, home

barant

adverb. homewards, home

baravlid

adjective. homeless

bardha

noun. realm

barog

adverb. from home, out, away, abroad

baron

adjective. tilled, inhabited

bart

noun. *fate

basca-

verb. to flap

basgorn elef

*half a loaf

dor banion

place name. Dor Banion

umbart

noun. fate

cwildred

noun. bat (animal)

A word appearing as G. cwildred “bat (animal)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an (agental?) elaboration of G. cwîl “quiet” (GL/28). According to the editors, the first d was circled, perhaps indicating it was optional or lost (cwilred).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise this word to ᴺS. pillor as an agental form of the Neo-Root ᴺ√KWILID.

puthli

noun. baby

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “baby” (GL/64), probably derived from the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

uivrin

adjective. barren

An adjective appearing as G. uivrin “barren” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed, the negated form of G. ivrin “fertile” (GL/46, 74). It had a variant form G. gwivrin “barren” where with the “ui- being replaced by analogy” (GL/46).

Neo-Sindarin: I would update this word to ᴺS. aliavren “barren” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, based on the updated word ᴺS. iavren “fertile”.

dafros

noun. bark, skin, peel

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bark, skin, peel”, related to the verb G. daf- “strip, flay, peel skin” (GL/29). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, Tolkien instead gave {daus >>} dâf “bark” (PE13/112).

ilgiol

adjective. barren

A word for “barren” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. giol “fecund” with the negative prefix G. il- (GL/50).

môn

noun. bare hill, knoll

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bare hill, knoll” (GL/57). Its etymology is unclear, but it may have been a variant of G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” (GL/19).

padhwen

noun. bark

A noun for “bark” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/63), apparently based on the early root ᴱ√PARA [PAÐA?] which might mean “peel” (QL/72).

abont

adverb. back; backwards

alm

noun. back (from shoulder to shoulder), shoulders

bont

adverb. back(wards)

falt

adjective. bare

fêg

adjective. bad, poor, wretched

fôs

noun. bath

fôs’almir

proper name. Bath of Flame

gothwen

noun. battle

gwivrin

adjective. barren

pand

noun. bark; book

soth

noun. bath

ulc

adjective. bad, evil, wicked

arf

adjective. barren, dry, desert

arp

adjective. barren, dry, desert

bod-

prefix. back, again; un- (= backwards)

bodra

adjective. back(ward), hinder, rear

cafalon

adjective. bald, *(lit.) head-naked

cafol

adjective. bald

cross

noun. ball

dâf

noun. bark

fech

adjective. bad

lunthang

noun. balance, scales

olch

adjective. bad

ulch

adjective. bad

salf

noun. bowl, basin

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {salpa >> salp >>} salf “bowl, basin” (GL/66), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ which also had ᴱQ. salpa “bowl” (QL/84).

Neo-Quenya: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. salff “broth” under the root ᴹ√SALAP (Ety/SÁLAP). To avoid a conflict, I would coin a neologism ᴺS. tolph “bowl, basin” based on ᴱQ. tolpo of the same meaning from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142).

taltha

noun. foot (of things), base, pedestal, pediment

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “foot (of things), base, pedestal, pediment” (GL/68), based on the early root ᴱ√TALA “support” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT2A/Talceleb).

throth

noun. beat

abod

adverb. again; in return, in exchange; back

bod

adverb. behind, back, of time ago, ‘a while back’

cwarth

adjective. evil, bad, wicked

fecthir

noun. destroyer, slayer; bane

fôl

adjective. empty, bare, leafless (esp. of trees)

gab-

verb. to bark, bay (of dogs)

hamra

adjective. lowly, lowlying; base

luntha-

verb. to balance, weigh

naud

adjective. bowed, bent; ashamed, abashed, bashful

sô-

verb. to wash, clean, bathe

aul

adverb. ill, badly

crost

noun. lump, ball, cake

drogol

adjective. servile, slavish; base, mean

drogwed

adjective. servile, slavish; base, mean

fecthi

adjective. less bad; baddish, naughty

gruithodwen

noun. ferocity, barbarity

gultha-

verb. to bear up; to weigh, balance it on scales; to be worth, value or be equivalent to; to endure

had-

prefix. for-, in return for, back, instead of

hôm

noun. ground, base, bottom, seabed

macha

noun. slaughter, battle

magru

noun. slaughter, battle

no-

prefix. re-, back, again

ul-

prefix. miss-, wrongly, ill, badly

cwam

adjective. ill

A word glossed {“sick, unwell” >>} “ill” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28). In an earlier but deleted version of the entry it was connected to adjective ᴱQ. qamba, and hence it was based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

tump

noun. shed

A noun appearing as G. tump “shed” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/71), clearly a cognate to ᴱQ. tumpo “shed, barn” which was derived from either ᴱ√TṂPṂ or ᴱ√TUPU (QL/93, 95).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √TUP “cover” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I think this word can be salvaged as ᴺS. tump “shed”, though it does conflict with [N.] tump “hump”.

-vran

suffix. dwelling

A suffixal form of G. brann (GL/24); see S. barthan for discussion.

bedhril

noun. wife

A noun appearing as (archaic) G. †bedhril “wife” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, replaced in ordinary speech by G. bess (GL/22). It is a combination of the early root ᴱ√Beđ that was the basis for marriage words and the feminine agental suffix G. -(r)il (GL/22).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. bethril “spouse (f.)”, a combination of the later root ᴹ√BES “wed” and the same agental suffix, where sr became thr.

bâb

noun. father

A word for “father” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/111). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s itself, G. babi or baba was “mummy, mamma” (GL/21, 57). As pointed out by Gilson, Welden, Hostetter and Wynne, there is a complementary change of {nân “father” >>} G. nân “mother” elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/115).

gwadhra

adjective. habitable

An adjective appearing as G. gwadhra “habitable” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√[[ep|ŋwa[ð]-]] (GL/47).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien abandoned this early root, so I would adapt this word as ᴺS. bardhor “habitable” based on S. bardh “home” (PE17/164).

moth

noun. sheep

A noun for “sheep” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as {mô >>} moth (GL/58), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√MAWA “cry, bleat” that was the basis for “sheep” words in Early Qenya (QL/060).

past

noun. skin

A word for “skin” appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s under G. path “peel, skin, bark” with pl. padhin (GL/63), hence probably related to ᴱQ. parma “skin, bark; parchment; book” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√PARA [✱PAÐA] (QL/72).

polodrin

adjective. mighty

A word appearing as G. polodrin “mighty” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. polod “power, might, authority” (GL/64). It had an archaic variant {poldurin >>} †polurin or polorin which was sometimes used as a sobriquet for Tulcus.

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√POL(OD) still had to do with “strength” in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. polodhren “mighty, ✱powerful” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using the later Sindarin adjective -ren. Given the meanings of its base noun (including authority), I’d assume this adjective has a connotation of political power. I’d constrast it with S. belaith which I’d use for “mighty” in general (independent of authority).

uil

noun. hen

The word G. uil “hen” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/74), almost certainly a cognate of ᴱQ. oi “bird, hen” which Tolkien considered deriving from ᴱ√OHO “cry” (QL/69). In Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, Tolkien had the primitive word ✶kholjē “hen” derived from the root √KHOL “crow, cry aloud” (PE21/82), which may be a later iteration of this Gnomish uil “hen” word.

Neo-Sindarin: Based on the above, Gábor Lőrinczi proposed a neologism ᴺS. hŷl “hen” as recorded in the VQP (VQP). However, my analysis of Sindarin phonology indicates that ᴺS. huil is the more likely result ✶kholjē: compare thuil and thuin plurals of thôn and thôl, and possibly also ruin < ✱runyā and fuir < ✱forya. For further details see the entry on how [[s|final [i] intruded into preceding syllable]] in Sindarin.

In any case, I recommend ᴺS. huil for “hen” in Neo-Sindarin, or its more elaborate form ᴺS. porochuil.

graug

noun. demon

mart(os)

noun. fate, portion, lot

belaurin

feminine name. Belaurin

belcha

masculine name. Melko

belmoth

masculine name. Belmoth

blath

noun. floor

bâl

adjective. worthy, important; great, mighty

corn

noun. loaf

falon

adjective. naked

fang

noun. (long) beard

gobos

noun. haven

gwivannoth

masculine name. Gwivannoth

hothri

noun. army

surfang

proper name. Long-beard

(m)ami

noun. mummy

(n)gôl

noun. slaughter

A noun appearing as (n)gôl “slaughter” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/41). Its etymology is unclear.

-vron

suffix. dwelling

ador

noun. father

ain

noun. god

aithrog

noun. warrior

aithweg

noun. warrior

ami

noun. mummy

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

annuir

adjective. lofty

atha

cardinal. two

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

bess

noun. wife

bi

preposition. in

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

bridhil

feminine name. *Queen

bâ

adverb. away, off

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

crôl

adjective. round

dara

adjective. lofty

dori

noun. queen

dôn

?. [unglossed]

eilin

noun. pool

eithlos

noun. family

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s glossed “family, etc.” of unclear derivation, though it may be related to G. eithog “ancestor, †father, sire” (PE13/113).

elt

noun. change

fadro(n)

adjective. too much

faig

adjective. cruel

falin

adjective. naked

fas-

verb. to wash

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

gothweg

noun. warrior

govaithum

adjective. clad

gruim

adjective. fierce

grum

adjective. fierce

grôg

noun. demon

gwalien

place name. Land of the Valar

gwandra

adjective. beautiful

gwandreth

noun. beauty

gwanin

adjective. beautiful

gwanwen

noun. beauty

gwanweth

noun. beauty

gwaren

noun. family

gwarin(n)

noun. family

The word G. {gwaren >>} gwarin(n) “family” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋuarenđā (GL/44). It was a combination of G. gwa- “together” and G. renni “family” (GL/65), but it is not clear why the e became i in the compound.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would adapt this word as ᴺS. gwaren as a combination of later prefix gwa- “together” and the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D “kin”. Furthermore, I would use it specifically for a nuclear family (just the parents and children), as opposed to S. nos(s) which seems to refer to an extended family or clan.

gwast

noun. dwelling

A noun for “dwelling” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√[[ep|ŋwa[ð]-]] (GL/47).

gwiniel

noun. lady

gwâ

noun. wind

halthi

noun. sheath

hermon

noun. lord

hothrim

noun. army

hulc

adjective. naked

igin

adjective. excited, agitated

igol

adjective. exciting; excitable

inthanfog

place name. Hell

lunta

noun. ship

malc

noun. lord

malon

adjective. yellow

man

masculine name. Man

mavrog

adjective. eager

mawr

adjective. good

mindon

noun. tower

minthon

noun. tower

mora

adjective. good

mothweg

noun. shepherd

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shepherd”, a combination form of G. moth “sheep” and the masculine suffix G. -weg “herd” (GL/58).

nathon

noun. father

nil

adjective. empty

nîn

noun. pool

An archaic noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pool” (GL/60), almost certainly derived from the early root ᴱ√NENE (QL/65).

ongos

noun. anguish

pad

noun. [unglossed]

padra-

verb. to walk

palta-

verb. to beat

porogwil

noun. hen

The word G. porogwil appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a combination of G. porog “fowl (domestic)” and G. uil “hen” (GL/64, 74).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. porochuil for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, updating the second element to the neologism ᴺS. huil “hen”. The longer form is better distinguished from ᴺS. huil “bitch, female dog”.

praust

noun. [unglossed]

pridwen

noun. judgment

pridwir

noun. judge

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

ram

noun. wing, pinion

redhos

noun. land

renni

noun. family

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a family”, derived from the early root ᴱ√redh- having to do with kin (GL/65).

rô

noun. [unglossed]

sair

adjective. hot

sentha

adjective. russet

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

sog-

verb. to drink

sîr

noun. river

taleg uthwen

place name. Way of Escape

taura

adjective. powerful

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tuilir

feminine name. Vána

turinthir

noun. *queen

turwin

noun. queen

túrin

masculine name. Lord

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulcarm

noun. sin

ulcrum

noun. sin

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

umrod

noun. fate

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]