et prep. (and adv.?) "out", when followed by ablative "out of" (VT45:13) or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps "out of the mouth" (VT47:35). Prefixet- "forth, out" (ET), also in longer form ete- (as in etelehta, eteminya); verb ettuler "are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). (SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya). The forms etemmë and etengwë (VT43:36) seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively (Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. "you" from -llë to -ldë).
Quenya
et
preposition. out (of)
et
out
etellë
etellë
etellë, see et
etelyë
etelyë
etelyë, see et
etemmë
etemmë
etemmë, see et
etengwë
etengwë
etengwë, see et
et(e)-
prefix. *out, [ᴹQ.] forth, out
A prefix for “out” implied by words like et-henta “read aloud” = “✱read out” (PE17/77) and eteminya “prominent” = “✱out first” (VT42/24). The prefix ᴹQ. et- appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ET “out, forth” (Ety/ET).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had prefixes ᴱQ. ere- “out” and ᴱQ. es- based on the early roots ᴱ√ERE [EÐE] and ᴱ√ESE (QL/36).
et-henta
read aloud
et-henta vb. "read aloud" (PE17:77). Compare henta-.
etsat-
verb. distribute in even portions
etsat- vb. "distribute in even portions" (apparently et- "out" + the base sat "divide, apportion"). Not cited with a final hyphen in the source (VT48:11), but some ending would obviously be required in Quenya; the verb should probably be treated as a consonant stem (primary verb). Alternative form estat-, but as pointed out in VT48:12, the transposition ts > st is not regular in Quenya.
ettul-
verb. come forth
#ettul- vb. "come forth", attested in the form ettuler *"are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). Read probably *ettulir* or continuative ettúlar** in Tolkien's later Quenya. (SD:290)
etya
exiled noldor
#etya adj. initial element of Etyangoldor "Exiled Noldor", literal meaning likely something like "outer" or "outside" as adjective; compare preposition et.
Etyangoldi
exiled noldor
Etyangoldi ("ñ")noun "Exiled Noldor" _(WJ:374). _Sg. probably *Etyangol* (with stem Etyangold**-).
et eärello endorenna utúlien
Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth I am come
First phrase @@@
ethenta-
verb. to read aloud
@@@ Eldamo’s automated transcription doesn’t properly handle the tengwar spelling of this word, which should actually be `V1d$4#
et i péti
*out of the lips, out of the mouth
et sillumello ter yénion yéni tenn’ ambarmetta
*from this hour, through years of years until the ending of the world
etya
adjective. exiled
tambë engë i et...
as it was [in] the [beginning]...
The second line of Alcar i Ataren, Tolkien’s translation of the Gloria Patri prayer. The first word is tambë “as”, also seen in the Átaremma prayer. The second word is enge “[it] was”, the past tense of ëa- “to be, to exist”. This is followed by i “the” and an incomplete word beginning with et (“out?”). At this point Tolkien stopped work on the prayer.
etelenda
adjective. exiled
ehtelë
noun. spring, issue of water
A noun glossed “spring, issue of water”, derived from the primitive form ✶et-kelē, literally “✱out-flow”, but in ancient times the [tk] was transposed to [kt] giving ektelē (SA/kel; Ety/KEL). In Quenya, this kt became ht [xt].
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, this word appeared as ᴱQ. ektele “fountain”, a variant of ᴱQ. kektele (QL/35). This word was mentioned in a number of other documents from this period, including the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/31), the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/46), and the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/23). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it appeared as ᴱQ. ehtil (PE13/136, 158). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹQ. ehtele with the gloss and derivation given above (Ety/ET, KEL).
-lyë
you, thou
-l or -lyë (VT49:48, 51), pronominal endings for 2nd person sg. polite/formal "you, thou": caril or carilyë *"you do" (VT49:16), hamil "you judge" (VT42:33), anel "you were" (see ná #1); see -lyë for further examples. These endings may also be added to pronouns (etel/etelyë or mil, milyë; see et, mi). In one source, -l is rather used as a reduced affix denoting plural "you"; see heca! (WJ:364)
Elendë
elvenhome
Elendë (1) place-name "Elvenhome", regions of Valinor where the Elves dwelt and the stars could be seen (MR:176, ÉLED). Plural ablative elendellor in the phrase et elendellor, evidently *"out of the elf-lands" (VT45:13).
henta-
verb. to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)
henta- vb. "to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)" (for "read aloud", et-henta is used). Forms cited: Aorist henta, present continuative hentëa, "aorist past" hentanë, perfect ehentanië. Gerund #hentië "reading", isolated from parmahentië "book reading" (PE17:77, 156).
ta
then
ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of tá "then", used "before each new item in a series or list"; "if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important". (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, "and ta") for "et cetera"; in older language ta ta or just ta.
ëar
sea
ëar noun "sea" (AYAR/AIR [gives also dat. sg. ëaren],WJ:413; see Letters:386 for etymology). Not to be confused with the pl. form of the verb ëa "be, exist". Pl. ëari "seas" (FS, LR:47); Eär "the Great Sea" (cf. ëaron "ocean"), ablative Eärello "from the Great Sea", et Eärello "out of the Great Sea" (EO). Eärë noun "the open sea" (SD:305). Compound ëaruilë noun "seaweed" (UY). Found in proper names like Eärendil "Sea-friend", Eärendur masc. name, *"Sea-servant"; in effect a variant of Eärendil(Appendix A). Eärendur was also used ="(professional) mariner" (Letters:386).Fem. name Eärwen "Sea-maiden" (Silm); Eärrámë "Sea-wing", "Wings of the Sea", name of Tuor's ship (RAM, AYAR/AIR, SA)
cuivië
awakening
cuivië noun "awakening" (early "Qenya" coivië, q.v., but this word Tolkien later used = *"life"). In Cuiviénen, "Water of Awakening" (SA:cuivië, SA:nen, KUY; spelt with a k_ in the Etymologies). Somewhat surprisingly, cuivië is used to mean "life" in cuivie-lancassë ("k"), literally 'on the brink of life' ("of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death") (VT42:8)_ The form coivië is used for "life" elsewhere.
ilcë
you
ilcë ("k") (2) *"you", emphatic pronoun of the 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. An alternative form incë was also listed; a query appears between the forms (VT49:48).
incë
you
incë ("k") *"you", emphatic pronoun for 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. It is listed as an alternative to ilcë in the source, a query appearing between the forms (VT49:48, 49). The word could also be read as intë (VT49:49)
le
you
le, pronominal element "you", (originally) the "reverential 2nd person sing" (RGEO:73, VT49:56). However, singular le was apparently altered to lye (q.v.), and le took on a plural significance (le for pl. "you" is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51). Stressed lé (VT49:51), dual let "the two of you" (ibid.). At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. "thou" rather than pl. "you". It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë "give thou" (VT43:17); see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean "with you" (pl.) Compare aselyë "with thee" (sg.) in a later source (see as).
tye
you, thou, thee
tye pron. "you, thou, thee", 2nd person intimate/familar (LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55), corresponding to formal/polite lye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and (grand)parents and children also used it to address one another ("to use the adult lye was more stern"). Tyenya "my tye", used = "dear kinsman" (VT49:51). The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e(VT49:50). Stressed tyé; dual tyet "the two of you" (VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar "never deleloped" dual or plural forms). Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë "yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE (2nd person sg.), if tye represents earlier *kye.
vëa
sea
vëa (3) noun "sea" (MC:213, 214, 216; possibly obsoleted by #1 and #2 above, though some argue that the initial element of the late names Vëantur and Vëandur [q.v.] could be vëa #3 rather than #2 (it can hardly be #1) . In any case, the normal word for "sea" in LotR-style Quenya seems to be ëar.) Inflected vëan "sea" (MC:220), vëar "in sea" (a "Qenya" locative in -r, MC:213), vëassë "on sea" (MC:220). Cf. also vëaciryo.
airë
noun. sea
An archaic word for “sea” which fell out of use to due conflict with “holy” words like aira or airë; it was a noun form of primitive ✶gaı̯ră (PE17/27). The more common modern word for “sea” is ëar.
Conceptual Development: ᴹQ. aire “sea” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√AYAR (Ety/AY); it appeared beside a form ᴹQ. airen that might be a genitive form, or might be a longer form; see the entry on ᴹQ. airon for discussion.
calca
noun. glass
A word for “glass” appearing in notes from around 1968 as a derivative of √KALAK (VT47/35).
Conceptual Development: There was a similar form ᴱQ. talqe (talqi-) “glass” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (PME/88; QL/88). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with a Gnomish cognate G. celc, both words being based on variant early roots ᴱ√kail(i)k and ᴱ√tail(i)k (GL/25).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word for “glass” was ᴹQ. hyelle from the root ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” with Noldorin cognate N. hele (Ety/KHYEL(ES)). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages in the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien instead said that “there was no common Eldarin word for glass”, and that the Sindarin word for “glass” was borrowed from Khuzdul while the Quenya word was cilin (PE17/37). Tolkien’s last published word for “glass” was calca as noted above (VT47/35), which seems to be a restoration of the early root ᴱ√kail(i)k.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use calca as the main Quenya for “[clear] glass”, but would retain cilin as another word for transluscent or reflective glass.
cuivië
noun. awakening
A word for “awakening”, most notably an element in the word Cuiviénen “Water of Awakening” (S/48). It was derived from the root √KUY (Ety/KUY). In a few places it appeared as kuive instead (PE17/68; Ety/KUY).
Conceptual Development: The earliest form for “Waters of Awakening” was ᴱQ. Koivie-néni (LT1/85), and ᴱQ. koivie was glossed as “awakening” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/48). It was glossed “liveliness” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, however, and ᴱQ. qîvie was “awakening” (GL/29).
eccuinu-
verb. to awake, wake up
A neologism for “to awake, wake up”, based on primitive ✶et-kuinu “awake, wake up” from the 1950s (PE22/136) with the sound change of tk to kk.
tuilë
noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green
tá
adverb. then, then, [ᴹQ.] at that time [past]
A word for “then” appearing in a list of demonstratives from 1968, a vowel-lengthened form of ta “that” (VT49/11). It reappeared in some notes from 1969 alongside a variant tai (VT49/33). ᴹQ. tá “then, at that time (past now)” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, where Tolkien indicated it was specifically used to refer to the past (PE23/109), as opposed to ᴹQ. en “then” referring to the future.
-ldë
you
-ldë (1) pronominal suffix "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:51; carildë *"you do", VT49:16). This ending Tolkien revised from -llë in earlier sources (VT49:48, cf. PE17:69).
-llo
you
[-llo (2) "you", dual; abandoned pronominal ending. Also written -illo. (VT49:49)]
-llë
you
-llë (2) abandoned pronominal ending "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:48); Tolkien later revised this ending to -ldë.
-ndë
you
[#-ndë (2) pronominal suffix for dual "you", as in carindë *"you (two) do". Tolkien changed the ending to -stë (VT49:33)]
-ntyë
you
[-ntyë "you", abandonded pronominal ending for 2nd person pl. familiar (VT49:49)]
-stë
you
-stë "you", 2nd person dual pronominal ending (VT49:51, 53), e.g. caristë "the two of you do" (VT49:16). Tolkien first wrote carindë, but changed the ending (VT49:33). The ending -stë is derived from earlier -dde (VT49:46, 51). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual, "the two of them" (but see -ttë #1).
-tyë
you
-t (3) reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" (sg.), the long form being -tyë (both endings are listed in VT49:48). See heca regarding the example hecat (WJ:364). However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form (VT49:51, 57). The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful.
-tyë
you, thou
-tyë pronominal ending "you, thou" (VT49:48, 51), 2nd person familiar/intimate: carityë *"you do" (VT49:16; the corresponding formal/polite ending is -l, -lyë, cf. PE17:135 where Tolkien states that hiruvalyë "thou shalt find" from Namárië would be hiruvatyë if the polite pronoun were replaced by the familiar one). Compare the independent pronoun tye. In VT49:51, Tolkien denies that the ending -tyë has any short form (see, however, -t # 3). Cf. natyë "you are"; see ná #1. Compare tye, -tya.
Eldamar
elvenhome
Eldamar place-name "Elvenhome" (ÉLED; found already in Narqelion), according to MR:176 another name of Tirion (see tir-).
airë
sea
airë (2) noun "sea" (the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg.) (AYAR/AIR; cf. airon)
alyë
you
alyë imperative particle with ending -lyë "you"; see a #3.
atsa
catch, hook, claw
atsa noun "catch, hook, claw" (GAT)
calca
glass
calca noun "glass" (VT47:35); compare hyellë, cilin.
cilin
glass
cilin noun "glass" ("often used as in English ("often used as in English for any thing or implement made of glass") (PE17:37). Compare calca, hyellë.
coiva
awake
coiva _("k")_adj. "awake" (LT1:257 - read *cuiva in LotR-style Quenya? Cf. coivië becoming cuivië. On the other hand, the elements cui- and coi- having to do with life and awakening cannot be wholly separated.
cuivë
awakening
cuivë ("k")noun "awakening" (KUY)
eccoita-
verb. awake
#eccoita- vb. "awake" (VT27:10)
hyellë
glass
hyellë noun "glass" (KHYEL(ES), VT45:23; the later source also provides the unglossed form hyelma, which may be a synonym of hyellë; alternatively hyellë could be "glass" as a substance, whereas hyelma_ rather refers to "a glass" as a drinking vessel). _In later sources, cilin or calca is given as the word for "glass".
linya
pool
linya noun "pool" (LIN1)
lóna
pool, mere
lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?
maril
glass, crystal
maril noun "glass, crystal" (VT46:13; if this is to be the same word as the second element of Silmaril, the stem-form would be marill-, cf. pl. Silmarilli)
nendë
pool
nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)
san
then
san (1) adv. "then" (MC:216; also twice in Narqelion), a "Qenya" term apparently replaced by tá in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa "it", hence "for it; to it".
tai
then
tai (3) adv. "then", also tá (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33)
tuilë
spring, spring-time
tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.
tá
then
tá 1) adv. "then" (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4.
váya
sea
váya noun "sea" (considered as "waters, motion"). The wording of the source indicates that Tolkien only tentatively considered such a word (PE17:33)
airen
noun. sea
cilin
noun. glass, glass [transluscent or reflective]
cuivë
noun. awakening
ehtelu-
verb. gush forth
sinar
noun/adverb. today, today, [ᴹQ.] nowadays, this morning
tai
1lE adverb. then
cuiva
adjective. awake
cuiva-
verb. to awake
The basic Quenya preposition for “out”, as seen in et Eärello Endorenna utúlien “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth I am come” (LotR/967). It is derived from the root √ET of the same meaning. In most of its appearances, the following noun also has the ablative case, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien said “et with ablative = out of: Et elendellor” (EtyAC/ET).
It is less clear whether et can be used without the ablative, and what it means in such cases. We have only one example: et i péti, untranslated but probably meaning “✱out of the lips” (VT47/35). This example seems to have the same meaning as et + ablative, meaning movement out of the mouth. But I think et without the ablative might also be used to indicate position as in et i coa “out of the house” = “outside the house (not leaving from it)”. It might even be possible to use the allative with et, such as et i ulonna “out into the rain”.