uin

uin

uin (1) see #u-.

uin

the primeval whale

Uin (2) masc. name, "the primeval whale" (LT1:263)

uin carë

I do not make

in

the

i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar "the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar "the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *"the best" (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma "the left hand" in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).

in

article. the

ui-

verb. to not be, to not do

Lindissë

woman

Lindissë fem.name, perhaps lin- (root of words having to do with song/music) + (n)dissë "woman" (see nís). (UT:210)

i

article. the

nissë

woman

nissë noun "woman" (NDIS-SĒ/SĀ, NI1, NIS, VT47:33); see nís. Note: nissë could apparently also mean "in me", the locative form of the 1st person pronoun ni, q.v.

nissë

noun. woman

ní

woman, female

†ní (2) noun "woman, female" (NI1, INI (NĒR ) ). Not to be confused with ní as a stressed form of the pronoun ni "I".

nína

woman

#nína (gen.pl. nínaron attested) noun "woman" (VT43:31; this word, as well as some other experimental forms listed in the same source, seem ephemeral: several sources agree that the Quenya word for "woman" is nís, nis [q.v.])

nís

woman

nís (niss-, as in pl. nissi) noun "woman" _(MR:213. The Etymologies gives _nis (or nissë), pl. nissi: see the stems NDIS-SĒ/SĀ, NI1, NIS (NĒR), VT46:4; compare VT47:33. In Tolkien's Quenya rendering of Hail Mary, the plural nísi occurs instead of nissi; this form is curious, since nísi would be expected to turn into *nízi, *_níri** (VT43:31). VT47:33 suggests that Tolkien at one point considered _niþ- as the older form of the stem, which etymology would solve this problem (since s from older þ does not become z > r). Even so, the MR forms, nís with stem niss-, may be preferred. - Compare †ní, #nína, nisto, Lindissë.

uan carë

I do not make

wenci

woman, maiden

wenci ("k") noun, apparently a diminutive form of the stem wēn- "woman, maiden". It is possible that this is meant to be Common Eldarin rather than Quenya; if so the Quenya form would be *wencë (compare nercë "little man") (VT48:18)

uin

suffix. I do not

_ v. & pron. suff. _I do not. Could be used with bare verbs : uin gare I do not make. >> -n, ú-

uin

preposition. of the

uin gar Archaic

I do not make

a pherhael ar am meril suilad uin aran o minas tirith nelchaenen ned echuir

to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring

uin

from the, of the

uin.

uin

from the, of the

.

o

preposition. from, of

This is the Sindarin preposition meaning “from”, as well as “of” in the sense “originating from” as in Celebrimbor o Eregion “Celebrimbor of Hollin” [= originating from] (LotR/305). In various phrases where it appears, o seems not to cause any mutation, as with o galadhremmin ennorath “from tree-tangled middle-lands” and o menel “from heaven” (LotR/238). However, in the Quendi and Eldar essay from around 1959-60, Tolkien indicated that this preposition causes stop mutation, which does not mutate voiced stops or nasal m. As Tolkien explained it:

> As the mutations following the preposition o show, it must prehistorically have ended in -t or -d. Possibly, therefore, it comes from ✱aud, with d of the same origin as that seen in Q öar. Some have thought that it received the addition -t (at a period when ✱au had already become ǭ > o) by association with ✱et “out, out of”. The latter retains its consonant in the form ed before vowels, but loses it before consonants, though es, ef, eth are often found before s, f, th. [Sindarin] o, however, is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o- (WJ/366-367).

A similar etymology (from aut- influenced by et) was given in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 (PE17/148). In the Quendi and Eldar essay, Tolkien also said:

> ✱ho as a proclitic might have given o; but it does not occur as a verbal prefix, although it possibly contributed to the Sindarin preposition o (see under ✱Awa, Sindarin) which is used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker (WJ/370).

Thus in origin this preposition was √AWA “away” + the ancient allative suffix ✶-da “towards”, originally meaning “towards away” = “away from the speaker”, but under the influence of ancient √HO came to simply mean “from” in general, regardless of the direction, either away from the speaker or away from someone or something else.

In the King’s Letter from the omitted epilogue of The Lord of the Rings, this preposition seems to have a definite variant uin in the phrase __suilad uin aran__ o Minas Tirith “the King’s greeting [= greeting from the King] from Minas Tirith”; compare indefinite o “from” later in the same phrase. In this period, in is usually the plural definite article and i is its singular, but in this case the following noun aran is singular. I suspect that for uin this n is epenthetic, used to separate ui = o + i from the following vowel. Compare also definite N. nui = no + i [= “under the”] from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NU).

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this preposition seems to be G. a(n·) “from” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, of which Tolkien said:

> a(n·) with vowel mutation = Q ô. “from” {signifying motion} and used as addition to {both} ablative {and allative} cases. Is always suffixed to article in those cases (GL/17).

In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, this became G. ô “from” derived from ᴱ✶au̯(a) (PE13/115). The preposition ᴱN. o appeared in some untranslated phrases in the 1920s (PE13/128, 138). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. o “from” was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” rather than √AWA, and was equivalent to ᴹQ. ho (Ety/ƷŌ̆).

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

o

of

(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.

o

from

(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)

ú-

prefix. no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-

-a Archaic

suffix. [old] genitive suffix

adaneth

noun. (mortal) woman

arwen

noun. noble woman

bess

noun. (young) woman

bess

noun. wife

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

nan

preposition. of

adaneth

mortal woman

(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).

an

to the, for the

(for) + i (the).

bess

woman

bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.

bess

woman

(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.

dess

young woman

(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).

en

of the

e- (sg. genitival article)

en

of the

e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

gwanur

kinsman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

i

the

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see

n

that

added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”.  This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

uin

Uin

In the Gnomish Lexicon, the word uin means "whale". The original meaning of uin seems to have been "wave". Another Gnomish word for whale was uimoth, "sheep of the waves" (incorporating moth).

i

article. the

a(n)

preposition. of

bess

noun. (young) woman

bess

noun. wife

dess

noun. young woman

dî

noun. woman, lady

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

nan

preposition. of

kali

noun. woman

A noun translated “woman” (SD/434).

-ul

suffix. of

nis

root. woman

This root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√NIS “woman”, an extension of ᴹ√NĪ “female” (Ety/NIS). It also had a strengthened form ᴹ√NDIS, unglossed but apparently meaning “bride” based on its derivatives ᴹQ. indis/N. dîs of that meaning (Ety/NDIS). Unstrengthened ᴹ√NIS seems to have survived only in Quenya as the basis for ᴹQ. nis (niss-) “woman”, but this word was also blended with ✱ndis-sē to produce a longer form nisse of the same meaning.

In Tolkien’s later writings, both short Q. nís and longer nissë appeared as words for “woman” (MR/213; VT47/33) and Q. indis reappeared as well, though glossed “wife” (UT/8). As primitive forms, both unstrengthened √nis (VT47/33) and strengthened ✶ndī̆s “woman” also appeared in later writings, the latter given as the feminine equivalent of ✶[[p|n[d]ēr]] “man” (PE19/102).

-o

suffix. of