Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

mai

adverb. too much

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. if; do?

Early Quenya [PE14/053; PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maita

adjective. maimed

A word for “maimed” appearing in vocabulary lists for drafts of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 (PE16/77), not used in the finished versions. Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiwe

feminine name. Maiwe

Another name for Vána in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√MAẎA (QL/60). Its meaning is unclear, but may be similar to Maiwendi.

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mailin

masculine name. Mailin

Qenya cognate of Meglin in a very early name list (PE13/103-4).

Early Quenya [PE13/103; PE13/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiwendi

proper name. *Greatest Maiden

A variant of the name Maiwe (Vána) in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/60), apparently a combination of the root ᴱ√MAẎA with ᴱQ. wen(di) “maiden”, so perhaps “✱Greatest Maiden”. It also appeared as Maiwen in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/18).

Early Quenya [GL/18; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mairu

noun. (horse) mane, flowing hair; charger

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAẎA, with the gloss “horse” in parenthesis marked with a “?”, followed by the gloss “mane, flowing hair” (QL/60). In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “mane; charger”. In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, ᴱQ. mairo was given as the cognate of G. †mair “horse” (GL/56).

Early Quenya [GL/56; PME/060; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maite

noun. maple

A word appearing as {mavain >>} ᴱQ. maite “maple” in Early Qenya Word-lists (PE16/140), likely based on ᴱQ. “hand” and perhaps simply ᴱQ. maite “handed” as suggested by Wynne and Gilson.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. mavoisi “chestnut” from the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s also seems to be based on an adjectival form of ᴱQ. “hand”, seen more clearly in its fuller name ᴱQ. alda mavoite “chestnut” where the second element is ᴱQ. mavoite “having hands” (QL/57; PME/57).

Neo-Quenya: Given the ambiguity of the form maite, for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would restore the deleted form as ᴺQ. mavaina “maple” as a combination of “hand” and [ᴺQ.] vaina “clad”. For “chestnut” I would use ᴺQ. olmos (olmoss-) inspired by G. omlos (GL/62).

Early Quenya [PE16/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval ki

if I come (fut.), they will come

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maika

adjective. cruel

Early Quenya [GL/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mailina

adjective. beautiful

Early Quenya [PE14/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maira

adjective. excessive, strong

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maisilanda

noun. sycamore

Early Quenya [PE16/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maisinto

fraction. one thousandth

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maisintya

fraction. one thousandth

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maite

cardinal. thousand

Early Quenya [PE14/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maite

adjective. handed

Early Quenya [PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maivoine

noun. great longing

Early Quenya [LT2A/Mavwin; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ke·tule

do you come?

Early Quenya [PE14/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai

*if I come then they might come

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ni·tule tu·tulil

if I come (generic), they come (generic)

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval

whenever I come, they will come

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai ni·túlie tu·túliel

*if I had come, they would have come

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mairo

noun. *horse

maisinya

ordinal. thousandth

Early Quenya [PE14/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maisitto

fraction. one thousandth

maisitya

fraction. one thousandth

maivoita-

verb. to long exceedingly after

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tessa

noun. maid, maiden

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a maid, maiden” but with no explicit root given (QL/90). It also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “maid”.

Early Quenya [PME/091; QL/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eldasilqe

noun. maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress

A word appearing as ᴱQ. eldasilqe “maidenhair fern, (sea) elf’s tress” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, a combination of ᴱQ. Elda “elf” and ᴱQ. silqe “tree of hair” (QL/35; PME/35).

Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. eldafindë “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, using the later word findë for “tress”.

Early Quenya [PME/035; QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tessara

adjective. maiden, maidenly

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “maiden, maidenly”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tessa “maiden” (QL/90).

Early Quenya [QL/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wen(di)

noun. maid, girl, maiden

Early Quenya [GL/45; LT1A/Ónen; LT1A/Urwen; LT1A/Wendelin; QL/060; QL/096; QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wende

noun. maiden

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wendele

noun. maidenhood

Early Quenya [LT1A/Urwen; QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aris

noun. daughter, maid

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daughter, maid”, a feminine variant of ᴱQ. ar “child” (QL/32). It is also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “daughter” (PME/32).

Early Quenya [PME/032; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tessare

noun. little maid

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “little maid”, a diminutive form of ᴱQ. tessa “maiden” (QL/90).

Early Quenya [PME/091; QL/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saike

noun. hunger

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. saike (saiki-) “hunger” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hunger” was instead saiste (PE13/147).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the noun ᴺQ. saicë “hunger” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of various famine-related words like ᴺQ. saicelë. For normal speech I would assume ᴺQ. maitië is the ordinary word for “hunger”, a noun form of the adjective Q. maita “hungry” from around 1960.

Early Quenya [PE13/147; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saiqa

adjective. hungry

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. saiqa “hungry” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hungry” was instead saisa, though its Early Noldorin equivalent ᴱQ. haib seems to indicate primitive ✱saikwā (PE13/146).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the adjective ᴺQ. saiqua “hungry” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of related words like ᴺS. saeb “hungry”. For normal speech I would assume Q. maita “hungry” is the ordinary word for “hungry” (VT39/11).

Early Quenya [PE13/146; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mande

adverb. well

Early Quenya [QL/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. hand

Early Quenya [GL/55; LT2A/Ermabwed; PE14/052; PE14/076; PE14/117; PE15/73; PE16/137; QL/057; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

máwe

noun. gull, seamew

Early Quenya [MC/213; PE16/138; PME/060; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anai

noun. woman

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s form “woman” with variants anai and anî, a feminine form ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

Early Quenya [QL/031] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anî

noun. woman

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ausi-

prefix. well

Early Quenya [QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ausie

noun. wealth

Early Quenya [LT2A/Ausir; QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

auvar

masculine name. Wealth

A Qenya name for G. Ausir in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/33), also appearing as Autar and replacing rejected Avar/Avas.

Early Quenya [QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heru-

verb. to rule

Early Quenya [LT1A/Valahíru; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ista-

verb. to know

Early Quenya [LT2A/Eldarissa; PE14/086; PE15/32; PE16/133; QL/043; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulu

noun. gold

Early Quenya [LT1/100; LT1A/Laurelin; LT2A/Glingol; LT2A/Parma Kuluinen; MC/220; PE14/046; PE14/050; PE14/071; PE14/083; PE14/084; PE14/110; PE15/22; PE15/72; PE15/73; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PME/049; QL/049; QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiqasse

noun. greenness

Early Quenya [GL/52; LT1A/Tári-Laisi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiwa

adjective. pale

Early Quenya [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

loime

noun. thirst

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “thirst” under the early root ᴱ√LOYO (QL/56).

Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

loimea

adjective. thirsty

Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

loire

adjective. thirsty

Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

makte

noun. hand

An archaic word for “hand” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). There are no signs of it in Tolkien’s later writings.

Early Quenya [QL/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malin(d)

adjective. yellow

malina

adjective. yellow

Early Quenya [PME/058; QL/044; QL/058; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

mata-

verb. to eat

Early Quenya [PE12/026; PE14/023; PE14/028; PE14/034; PE14/056; PE14/057; PE14/058; PE14/059; PE14/070; PE14/085; PE16/141; QL/043; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

matl

noun. food

Early Quenya [QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

matso

noun. food

Early Quenya [PE16/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mel(i)na

adjective. dear

mella

noun. girl

A word for “girl” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MELE “love”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/60). The same word did appear in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, however (PME/60).

Early Quenya [PME/060; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

milkin

noun. wealth

Early Quenya [QL/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/082; PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mára

adjective. mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)

Early Quenya [GG/10; LFC/030; PE13/122; PE13/125; PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/32; PE15/73; PE16/137; PE16/140; PE16/141; QL/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

máye

adverb. too much

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nesta-

verb. to feed

The verb ᴱQ. nesta- “feed” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). It has past forms nēse and nesse, indicating a close relationship to the verb ᴱQ. nese- “graze, pasture, give to feed, feed” from the same root, which likely would have had the same or similar past-tense forms.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would combine both these early verbs into ᴺQ. nesta- “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√NES.

Early Quenya [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyara

noun. tale

Early Quenya [QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyél

noun. woman

A word for “woman” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with stem form nyel-, as indicated by its accusative nyela (PE16/135). Its etymology is unclear; Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson suggested it might be connected to the early root ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” or later root ᴹ√NYEL “ring, sing”, but these both feel like stretches to me.

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

níva

adjective. pale

Early Quenya [MC/213] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. woman

Early Quenya [GL/60] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saisa

adjective. hungry

saiste

noun. hunger

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

silde

noun. daughter

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sui

noun. daughter

Early Quenya [PME/087; QL/038; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Early Quenya [PME/093; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuksainen

cardinal. thousand

tuksainenya

ordinal. thousandth

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuksa kainen

cardinal. thousand

Early Quenya [PE14/050; PE14/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

túrea

adjective. mighty

Early Quenya [QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túvima

adjective. acceptable

Early Quenya [QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vande

adverb. well

Early Quenya [QL/099] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

warda-

verb. to rule

Early Quenya [QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yavanna

feminine name. Yavanna

Early Quenya [GL/18; GL/38; GL/52; LBI/Yavanna; LT1A/Yavanna; LT1I/Yavanna; LT2I/Yavanna; PE13/148; PE14/014; QL/105; SM/012] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by