heren (2) noun "fortune", etymologically "governance" ("and so what is in store for one and what one has in store") (KHER).Herendil masc. name *"Fortune-friend" = Eadwine, Edwin, _Audoin(LR:52, 56, cf. the Etymologies, stems KHER-, NIL/NDIL)_
Quenya
melehtë
might, power
heren
fortune
heru-
to rule
heru- vb. "to rule" (LT1:272; rather tur- in LotR-style Quenya)
hérë
lordship
hérë noun "lordship" (LT1:272)
mára
adjective. good, proper, good, proper; [ᴹQ.] useful, fit, good (of things), [ᴱQ.] excellent; mighty, power, doughty
Cognates
- S. maer “good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)” ✧ PE17/172
Derivations
- ✶magrā “good, useful, proper, fit” ✧ PE17/016
- √MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ VT47/06
- √MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162; PE17/172
- ✶manrā “good” ✧ PE17/162
- √MAN “good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil, good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil; [ᴹ√] holy spirit” ✧ PE17/162
Element in
- ᴺQ. alamára “no-good”
- Q. alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára “it is unwise not to do what one judges good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
- Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154
- Q. lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná “not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
- Q. la navin caritalyas mára “I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good” ✧ PE22/154; VT42/33
- Q. mára ná “it is good” ✧ PE17/093
- Q. mára tyen “good to you = like” ✧ PE22/166
- Q. márië “well, happily; goodness, good estate, being well, happiness” ✧ PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/074; PE17/162; PE17/162
- Q. máralë “goodness” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. namárië “farewell, (lit.) be well, let it be well (to you)” ✧ PE17/059
- Q. nás mára nin “I like it” ✧ VT49/30
- Q. roccor i Erulingaron márë nár (ma naitë)? “the horses of the Rohirrim are good (are they not, lit. is it true)” ✧ PE22/166
- Q. ta mára “so good” ✧ VT49/12
- Q. úmara “bad, ill-used, evil, sinister” ✧ VT49/15
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶magra > māra [magra] > [maɣra] > [māra] ✧ PE17/016 √MAGA > mára [magra] > [maɣra] > [māra] ✧ PE17/162 ✶manrā > māra [manrā] > [mārā] > [māra] ✧ PE17/162 √MAG > mára [magra] > [maɣra] > [māra] ✧ PE17/172 Variations
- māra ✧ PE17/016; PE17/074; PE17/162
- marna ✧ PE17/162 (marna)
- mara ✧ VT49/30
vard-
rule, govern
vard- vb. "rule, govern" (LT1:273; hardly valid in Tolkien's later Quenya)
Vala
power, god, angelic power
Vala (1) noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali (BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348), described as "angelic governors" or "angelic guardians" (Letters:354, 407). The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods (as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated "Sickle of the Gods"), but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa #22 (Appendix E). Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" (FS, MR:18); this form shows the pl. Vali, (irregular) alternative to Valar (the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175). Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Feminine form Valië (Silm), in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo (q.v.) as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala (not a Valië), likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" (sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe), also used as a noun "a Power" _(WJ:403). The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" (WJ:404). However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- (LT2:348)_. For various compounds including the word Vala(r), see below.
vala-
to rule
vala- (2) vb. "to rule", only with reference to the Valar (see Vala). Future tense valuva is attested (WJ:404)
Aino
god
Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)
Amarië
good
Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending -ië (Silm)
ala-
good
ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.
cunta
rule
cunta, also cunya, vb. (or less likely noun) "rule" (PE17:117)
mára
adjective. good
rauco
powerful, hostile, and terrible creature
rauco ("k") noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature", "very terrible creature", especially in the compound Valarauco noun "Demon of Might" _(WJ:415, VT39:10, cf. SA:raukor. In the Etymologies, stem RUK, the gloss is "demon".)_ Longer variant arauco. The plural form Valaraucar "Balrogs" seems to contain the variant rauca.
túrë
noun. *might, mastery, [ᴹQ.] mastery, victory; [ᴱQ.] might, strength, power
Derivations
- √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong” ✧ PE17/115
Element in
- ᴺQ. artatúrë “government”
- ᴺQ. lietúrie “democracy”
- ᴺQ. túrëautocië “tax”
- ᴺQ. turëa “influential”
- Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, mighty, masterful, *having political power” ✧ PE17/115
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √TUR > túrë [tūre] ✧ PE17/115
marto
fortune, fate, lot
marto (2) noun "fortune, fate, lot" (LT2:348); cf. marta # 3 and see mart-.
sanyë
rule, law
sanyë (þ) noun "rule, law" (STAN)
taura
mighty, masterful
taura adj. "mighty, masterful" (TUR, PE17:115), "very mighty, vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10). Cf. túrëa.
túrë
mastery, victory
túrë noun "mastery, victory" (TUR), "strength, might" (QL:95), "power" (QL:96)
arauco
powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon
arauco ("k")noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon" (variant of rauco). Tolkien's earlier "Qenya" has araucë "demon" (WJ:415, LT1:250)
melehta
mighty
melehta adj. "mighty" (PE17:115), cf. meletya
melehta
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā (with [kt] > [ht]). A variant form meletya appears with the 2nd-plural possessive suffix -lda as Meletyalda “your mighty” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369), likely from the primitive form ✱✶mbelekya (with [kj] > [tj]). This variant form has a more typical primitive adjective suffix ✶-ya, but is inconsistent with the attested Sindarin cognate S. belaith, so I’d stick with melehta for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
Cognates
- S. belaith “mighty” ✧ PE17/115
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Aran Meletyalda “king your mighty” ✧ WJ/369
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √mbelek > melehta [mbelekta] > [melekta] > [melexta] ✧ PE17/115
meletya
mighty
#meletya adj. "mighty", isolated from meletyalda adjective with suffix "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; meletya = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). Compare melehta.
meletya
adjective. mighty
Valarauco
demon of might
Valarauco ("k") noun "Demon of Might" (here vala- assumes its basic meaning "power, might"), Sindarin balrog(WJ:415). Pl. Valaraucar (sic, not -or) "Balrogs", apparently containing rauca (q.v.) as an alternative form of rauco "demon" (SA:val-, SA:rauco). Earlier forms from the "Qenya Lexicon" are Valcaraucë, Malcaraucë (q.v.), apparently abandoned in LotR-style Quenya.
polië
noun. ability
Elements
Word Gloss pol- “can, to be able to”
hérë
noun. lordship
Derivations
- √KHER “possess, possess, [ᴹ√] rule, govern, [ᴱ√] have power”
aino
noun. god
Cognates
- ᴺS. aenor “god”
Derivations
- √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere”
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss aina “holy, revered, numinous, holy, revered, numinous, *divine, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”
mahtë
noun. hold, grip, *grasp; power, possession
Derivations
- √MAH “handle, manage, control, wield; serve, be of use, handle, manage, control, wield; serve, be of use; [ᴹ√] hand; [ᴱ√] grasp”
melehtë noun "might, power" (inherent) (PE17:115)