Quenya 

sap-

dig

sap- or sapa- vb. "dig", pa.t. sampë (PE16:145, QL:82); cf. sampa, and sapsanta below.

sáva

juice

sáva noun "juice" (SAB)

pirya

juice, syrup

pirya noun "juice, syrup" (PIS)

(n)ungwar-

verb. to undermine, weaken, hinder, sabotage, sap, (lit.) to under/down-fret

@@@ from Röandil in the “Neologism of the Day” series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), 2023-04-09, < PE ✱(n)un-ñgwar-

Elements

WordGloss
nu“under, beneath”
ñgwar-“fret, wear away”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

paich

noun. juice, syrup

Sindarin [Ety/382, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nîdh

noun. juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice

A noun for “juice” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip”; its Quenya cognate was Q. nehtë “honey” (PE19/91). Sindarin nîdh was a later iteration of N. {nēdh >>} nīdh “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of G. nectha “honey comb” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60), cognate to ᴱQ. nekte “honey” and hence derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use nîdh with its earlier meaning “honeycomb”. For “juice” I’d use other words like [N.] saw and [ᴺS.] paich (adapted from N. peich).

Cognates

  • Q. nehtë “honey, honey; [ᴹQ.] honeycomb” ✧ PE19/091

Derivations

  • negdē “exudation” ✧ PE19/091
    • NEG “‽ooze, drip, ooze, drip; *honey” ✧ PE19/091

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
negdē > nîdh[negdē] > [neidē] > [neide] > [nīde] > [nīðe] > [nīð]✧ PE19/091

Variations

  • nîdh ✧ PE19/091
Sindarin [PE19/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nîdh

noun. juice

juice

Sindarin [PE 19:91] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

saw

juice

1) saw (i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB). 2) *paich (i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.

saw

juice

(i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB).

paich

noun. juice, syrup, juice, syrup, *sap

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

paich

juice

(i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.

Primitive elvish

sap

root. *dig

This root first appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” with derivatives like ᴱQ. sapa- “dig” and ᴱQ. sat (sap-) “hole” (QL/82). At some later point Tolkien wrote ÐAPA as a replacement above this root, but that is not reflected in any of its derivatives. Indeed, the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon has a base form sab- and derivatives like G. sabli “spade, shovel” and G. saptha- “to dig, to bite into” (GL/67), indicating ᴱ√SAPA not ᴱ√ÐAPA. Later hints of ᴱ√ÐAPA can be seen in the root ᴹ√DAG “dig” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, but this root was deleted (EtyAC/DAG).

The root √SAP reappeared in a list of roots from the Outline of Phonology (OP2) of the early 1950s with the derivative ✶sapnā > Q. samna “delved hole, pit” (PE19/86). This list was rejected but only because Tolkien revised his thinking on the demonstrated phonetic developments, not the roots themselves. Indeed, the appearance of S. -habar (soft-mutated ✱sabar) “delving” in various late words like S. Anghabar “Iron-delvings” (S/138) and S. Nornhabar “Dwarrowdelf” (WJ/209) indicate Tolkien probably never really abandoned √SAP “dig”.

Derivatives

  • sapnā “delved hole, pit” ✧ PE19/086
    • ᴺQ. sapta “(delved) hole, pit; [ᴱQ.] grave”
    • Q. samna “delved hole, pit” ✧ PE19/086
  • S. sabar “delving”
Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sap

root. [ᴱ√] dig, excavate

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. sampa “spade, *shovel”
  • ᴺQ. sampo “*cellar, vault; cave, hollow”
  • ᴺQ. sap- “to dig”
  • ᴺQ. sappa “hollow, dug-out, excavated”
  • ᴺS. sab- “to dig”
  • ᴺS. samp “spade, shovel”

Noldorin 

saw

noun. juice

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

saw

noun. juice

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “juice” from the root ᴹ√SAB of the same meaning (Ety/SAB).

Conceptual Development: G. gwâs “juice” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a possible precursor (GL/44).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. sáva “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Derivations

  • On. sōba “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB
    • ᴹ√SAB “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. sōba > saw[sǭba] > [souba] > [souva] > [sauva] > [sauv] > [sau]✧ Ety/SAB
On. sōba > sui[sǭbi] > [soubi] > [souvi] > [sauvi] > [suiv] > [sui]✧ Ety/SAB

peich

noun. juice, syrup

Noldorin [Ety/382, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

peich

noun. juice, syrup

A noun appearing as N. peich “juice, syrup” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s under the root ᴹ√PIS, probably from primitive ✱pisya given its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. pirya (Ety/PIS). Here sy became χı̯ [pixı̯a], the i became e via a-effection [pexı̯(a)], and then the i intruded into the preceding syllable to produce the diphthong ei after the final a was lost to produce peich [peix].

Conceptual Development: Several earlier words seem to be precursors of this one. The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. bith “juice, sap” with a deleted primitive form {viđa} (GL/23), cognate to ᴱQ. vite “sap, juice” under the early root ᴱ√VITI (QL/101). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. “sap, juice” derived from ᴱ✶pisye (PE13/147) with initial p becoming h as was usual in Early Noldorin of the 1920s.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. paich as suggested in HSD (HSD), since ei became ai unless it was in a non-final syllable in Sindarin.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, juice, syrup, *sap” ✧ Ety/PIS

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PIS “*juice” ✧ Ety/PIS

Element in

  • N. pichen “juicy, juicy, *oozing” ✧ Ety/PIS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PIS > peich[pisja] > [pixja] > [pexja] > [pexia] > [pexi] > [peix]✧ Ety/PIS

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

apsa

noun. juice

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PAS “*juice” ✧ PE22/050

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PAS > apsa[apsa]✧ PE22/050

Variations

  • apsa ✧ PE22/050

sáva

noun. juice

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “juice” from the root ᴹ√SAB of the same meaning (Ety/SAB).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. văsă “juice” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (a cognate to G. gwâs) is a possible precursor (GL/44).

Cognates

  • On. sōba “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB
  • N. saw “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAB “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SAB > sáva[sāba] > [sāβa] > [sāva]✧ Ety/SAB

pirya

noun. juice, syrup, juice, syrup, *sap

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “juice, syrup” derived from the root ᴹ√PIS (Ety/PIS).

Conceptual Development: Several earlier words seem to be precursors of this one. The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. pulqe “juice” under the early root ᴱ√PḶQḶ which was unglossed and had no other derivatives (QL/74). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. pihye, a cognate of ᴱN. “sap, juice” and derived from ᴱ✶pisye (PE13/147). The Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s had ᴹQ. pite “juice” pl. pitsin (PE21/7).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word for thicker juices, syrups and ✱sap, as opposed to ᴹQ. sáva as “juice” for drinking (such as from fruits).

Cognates

  • N. peich “juice, syrup” ✧ Ety/PIS

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PIS “*juice” ✧ Ety/PIS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PIS > pirya[pisja-] > [pizja-] > [pirja-]✧ Ety/PIS

pite

noun. juice

Old Noldorin 

sōba

noun. juice

Changes

  • sābasōba ✧ Ety/SAB

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. sáva “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAB “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Derivatives

  • N. saw “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB

Element in

  • N. gilhof “dew, *(lit.) star-juice”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SAB > sōba[sāba] > [sǭba]✧ Ety/SAB

Variations

  • sóba ✧ EtyAC/SAB
  • sāba ✧ EtyAC/SAB (sāba)
Old Noldorin [Ety/SAB; EtyAC/SAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

sab

root. juice

This root was one of a surprisingly large number of roots Tolkien used for “juice”, appearing as ᴹ√SAB in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. sáva/N. saw “juice” (Ety/SAB). It might be a variant of (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√WASA needed to explain the forms G. gwâs and ᴱQ. vasa “juice” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/44). The primitive form ᴹ✶sāba also appeared in a rough 1940 note with the word N. iofog “fruit drink”, though Tolkien ultimately decided the second element was derived from ᴹ√SUK “drink” (TMME/53).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root refers mainly fruit juice and pulp, as opposed to syrup and tree sap which would be derived from ᴹ√PIS.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶sāba “*juice”
  • ᴹQ. sáva “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB
  • On. sōba “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB
    • N. saw “juice” ✧ Ety/SAB
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sāba

noun. *juice

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAB “juice”

Variations

  • sāka ✧ TMME/053
Middle Primitive Elvish [TMME/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag

root. dig

A rejected root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dig” (Ety/DAG), it may have been a transient replacement for √SAP.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶dagdā “pit” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
    • N. daudh “pit” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
  • ᴹQ. lára “grave” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pas

root. *juice

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. apsa “juice” ✧ PE22/050
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pis

root. *juice

This root was one of a surprisingly large number of roots Tolkien used for “juice”, appearing unglossed in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. pirya/peich “juice, syrup” and N. pichen “juicy” (Ety/PIS). A similar primitive form ᴱ✶pisye appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, with derivatives ᴱQ. pihye/ᴱN. “sap, juice” (PE13/147). This in turn might have been a later iteration of unglossed root ᴱ√PḶQḶ from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with a single derivative: ᴱQ. pulqe “juice”.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root refers mainly to syrup and tree sap, as opposed to fruit juice which would be derived from ᴹ√SAB.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶pisye
    • Eilk. fiss “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
    • Eq. pihye “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
    • En. “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
    • Et. pirie “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
  • ᴺQ. pirina “juicy, oozy”
  • ᴹQ. pirya “juice, syrup, juice, syrup, *sap” ✧ Ety/PIS
  • N. peich “juice, syrup” ✧ Ety/PIS
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PIS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

bith

noun. juice, sap

Cognates

  • Eq. vite “sap, juice” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VITI “*juice, sap” ✧ GL/23

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√viđa > bith[βiða] > [biða] > [bið] > [biθ]✧ GL/23

laus

noun/adjective. juice, sap; energy, vitality; (aj.) fresh

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAWA “*life (esp. plants)”

gwâs

noun. juice

Cognates

  • Eq. vasa “juice” ✧ GL/44

Derivations

  • ᴱ√WASA “juice”

Early Ilkorin

molk

noun. sap

Cognates

  • En. bliw “oil” ✧ PE13/139

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶mḷgo “*oil” ✧ PE13/139
Early Ilkorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fiss

noun. sap, juice

Cognates

  • En. “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pisye ✧ PE13/147
    • ᴹ√PIS “*juice”
Early Ilkorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

noun. sap, juice

Cognates

  • Eilk. fiss “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
  • Eq. pihye “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147
  • Et. pirie “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pisye ✧ PE13/147
    • ᴹ√PIS “*juice”
Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

pirie

noun. sap, juice

Cognates

  • En. “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pisye ✧ PE13/147
    • ᴹ√PIS “*juice”
Solosimpi [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

viti

root. *juice, sap

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. vite “sap, juice” (QL/101). G. bith “juice, sap” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon is probably related; there the primitive form was given as viđa, but this was erased (GL/23). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • Eq. vite “sap, juice” ✧ QL/101
  • G. bith “juice, sap” ✧ GL/23

Variations

  • viđa ✧ GL/23 (viđa)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/23; QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kava

root. *dig

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. kava- “dig” and ᴱQ. kambo “cellar, cave, vault” (QL/45). Elvish “dig” words in later writings were mostly based on √SAP.

Derivatives

  • Eq. kava- “to dig” ✧ QL/045
  • Eq. kaune “grave” ✧ PME/045; QL/045
  • Eq. kambo “cellar, cave, vault” ✧ QL/045

Variations

  • KAV ✧ PME/045
Early Primitive Elvish [PME/045; QL/045] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pḷqḷ

root. *juice

Derivatives

  • Eq. pulqe “juice” ✧ QL/074
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mṛkṛ

root. *juice

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. mark “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture” and ᴱQ. marqa “oozy, juicy, moist” (QL/63); Tolkien marked the root with a “?”. There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • Eq. mark “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture” ✧ QL/063
  • Eq. marqa “oozy, juicy, moist” ✧ QL/063
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wasa Speculative

root. juice

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

vasa

noun. juice

Cognates

  • G. gwâs “juice” ✧ GL/44

Derivations

  • ᴱ√WASA “juice”

Variations

  • văsă ✧ GL/44
Early Quenya [GL/44] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pihye

noun. sap, juice

Cognates

  • En. “sap, juice” ✧ PE13/147

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pisye ✧ PE13/147
    • ᴹ√PIS “*juice”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶pisye > pihye[pisjē] > [pisje] > [pij̊e]✧ PE13/147
Early Quenya [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vite

noun. sap, juice

Cognates

  • G. bith “juice, sap” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VITI “*juice, sap” ✧ QL/101

Element in

  • Eq. vitevíse “*resin, gum, (lit.) sap-blood” ✧ QL/101

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√VITI > vitsĭ-[βiti-] > [viti-] > [vitsi-]✧ QL/101
ᴱ√VITI > vite[βiti] > [βite] > [vite]✧ QL/101
Early Quenya [GL/23; QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mark

noun. ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture” and derived from the early root ᴱ√MṚKṚ (QL/63).

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MṚKṚ > mark[mṛk] > [mark]✧ QL/063
Early Quenya [QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pulqe

noun. juice

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√PḶQḶ > pulqe[pḷkʷē] > [pḷkʷe] > [pulkʷe]✧ QL/074
Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by