se

preposition. as, like, in manner of

senge

adjective. keen of sight, observant, sagacious

sehta-

verb. to see

sie

noun. sight, sense of sight, eyesight; pupil of eye

sehte

noun. pupil; bead; †eye, eyeball

The word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] with the glosses “pupil” and “bead” (QL/82). Tolkien indicated it also had the same meaning as ᴱQ. sé “eye, eyeball”, but marked this with a “†” indicating that sense was archaic.

serindo

masculine name. Stephen

A Qenya name glossed “Stephen” in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/83), an elaboration on serin “crown”, mirroring the etymology of the English name: from Greek Stéphanos = “crown”.

senda

adjective. like, something like, similar

sesta-

verb. to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate

seste

noun. similarity

sé

noun. eye, eyeball, pupil

selka

adjective. bright

senna

adjective. red, brown, red-brown

serin

noun. wreath, crown

serma

noun. string, cord

serta-

verb. to tie

sestaine

noun. assimilation, imitation, etc.

sestima

adjective. comparable

sen

preposition. as, like, in manner of

serindo

noun. crown

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

heresse

noun. sister

A word for “sister” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with numerous variants: heresse, hesta(noi)ni, and hestaqin, all based on the early root ᴱ√HESE that was the basis for “brother” and “sister” words (QL/40). Of these Tolkien said heresse was the “ordinary word”, and it also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

uilosse

noun. foam

A (rejected) noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/139). Its etymology is unclear.

meles(se)

noun. love

asesta

noun. similarity

asesta-

verb. to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate

aseste

noun. similarity

piosenna

noun. holly

vilisse

noun. spirit

ardalomba

place name. Secret Place

A Qenya name for G. Gar Thurion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and lomba “secret”. It appeared beside the variant form Ardaurin whose etymology is less clear.

falmarin

noun. sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam

The spirits of the sea foam appearing in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/66). It is an elaboration of falma “foam” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Falman).

milt

noun. semen

A word appearing as ᴱQ. milt “semen” under the early root ᴱ√MILI which had various “seed” derivatives (QL/61).

Neo-Quenya: I’d adapt this word as ᴺQ. miltë (milti-) “semen” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, though its etymology in Tolkien’s later conceptions of the language isn’t clear (< ✱ᴺ√MILIT?).

ore

noun. seed, grain

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. ore (ori-) “seed, grain” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70). Tolkien indicated its primitive form was ✱[or]ı̯ǝ. Tolkien also indicated that its root may be better analyzed as o- + ᴱ√RIẎI “scatter” (QL/70, 80).

Neo-Quenya: There are indications that the root ᴹ√RĪI̯ survived until at least the early 1930s, so I would salvage this early word but update it to ᴺQ. ori “grain” = o + RĪ. I would use the later word ᴹQ. erde for “seed”, however. I would assume that like English “grain”, ori be used both collectively for a mass of “grain” as well as an individual “grain”.

erintion

proper name. second half of January

A period described as the “second half of January”, derived from the name of Erinti and appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/36).

kalain(e)a

adjective. serene

kalaine

noun. serenity, serene

liske

noun. sedge, reeds

lomba

adjective. secret

maptale

noun. seizure; robbery by violence; rape, ravishment, forcible seizure and carrying off

mile

noun. seed

nuste

noun. sense of smell

otso

cardinal. seven

pano

noun. series, course, plan, arrangement

satl

noun. search, enquiry

sonda

noun. seat, chair

sóra

noun. seat

tende

noun. sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling

tyavasta

noun. sense of taste

vartyane

noun. service

vea

noun. sea

veakirya

noun. sea-ship

virt

noun. servant, slave

feng

noun. serpent

fent

noun. serpent, dragon

fólima

adjective. secretive

lingwin

noun. serpent, dragon

okkainen

cardinal. seventy

okkaiya

ordinal. seventeenth

okkea

cardinal. seventeen

otsokainen

cardinal. seventy

otya

ordinal. seventh

pilukka

adjective. secret, stealthy

qentele

noun. sentence; wording, expression, phrase

tengwele

noun. sense

tentima

adjective. sensitive

vaiya

noun. seamew

vartyo

noun. servant, slave

waiwe

noun. seamew

haloisi

noun. the sea (in storm)

A word for “the sea (in storm)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√HALA with other derivatives having to do with leaping (QL/39). The word haloisi also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “sea (aroused)” (PME/39).

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

ollo

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a cognate of G. ol “cliff, seaward precipice” and apparently of similar meaning (GL/62). It appeared as an element in the name ᴱQ. Eriollo “Ironcliffs” also appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19; LT1A/Eriol), though in the tales themselves this name was {Erenol >>} ᴱQ. Evadrien “Coast of Iron” (LT2/313, 334). It might be related to the root ᴱ√OLO “tip” (QL/69).

puhta

noun. coitus, *sex

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. puhta or pukta (the second possibly a primitive form) in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as the cognate of ᴱN. hoith “coitus” (PE13/147, 163), probably derived from a variant form of the early root ᴱ√PU(HU) “generate” (QL/75).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. puhta “coitus, ✱sex” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√PUK for Elvish “sex” words.

purya-

verb. to set fire to

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “set fire to” and derived from the early root ᴱ√PUŘU [PUÐU] “consume by fire” (QL/75).

rista

noun. shoot (sowing), plant, seedling

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shoot (sowing), plant, seedling” under the early root ᴱ√RIẎI “scatter” (QL/80).

ríma

noun. line of seeds planted, row, series, furrow

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. rīma “line of seeds planted, row, series, furrow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RIẎI “scatter” (QL/80).

Neo-Quenya: This early root seems to have survived as (unglossed) ᴹ√RĪI̯ in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with the derivative ᴹQ. rí “reed, grass-stem” (PE21/38). As such I think early derivatives of this root can be salvaged for purposes of Neo-Quenya, in this case as ᴺQ. ríma “line of seeds planted, row, series, furrow”. Note that this conflicts with ᴹQ. ríma “edge, hem, border” from The Etymologies written around 1937 under the root ᴹ√RĪ (Ety/RĪ). However, Tolkien revised this 1937 root form to ᴹ√SRI (EtyAC/RĪ), so I think this word from The Etymologies should be updated to ᴺQ. hríma “edge, hem, border” which eliminates the conflict.

ᴺQ. ríma “furrow” also conflicts with 1968 Q. ríma “fillet, snood, ✱headband, hairnet” (NM/353), but in this case I think the two words can co-exist as they are unlikely to be used in the same contexts.

orivaine

noun. pod, seed pod, pea; peapod (a boat)

A word appearing as ᴱQ. orivaine “pod, seed pod, pea” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. ore (ori-) “seed” and ᴱQ. vaine “sheath, pod” (QL/70). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa this word was glossed “peapod (a boat)” (PME/70).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing he had ᴹQ. erde for “seed”, so I think this word could be updated to ᴺQ. erdevainë “seed pod, peapod” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. For an individual “pea” I would use ᴺQ. mildë.

inqa

adjective. same

amapta-

verb. to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

aqa-

verb. to seize

enqendóre

cardinal. *sextillion

fainu-

verb. to release

foalóke

noun. *serpent that guarded a treasure

foina

adjective. hidden, secret

fóle

noun. stealth, a secret, secrecy

ilk-

verb. to seem

isqa

adjective. wise

kalta-

verb. to kindle, set light to

kasóro-

verb. to make sit, set

kili-

verb. to see, heed

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

laqa-

verb. to catch, seize, snare

las

noun. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

mapa-

verb. to seize, take; to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

mapta

noun. ravishment, seizure, (usually =) rape

moina

adjective. safe, secure

morwa

adjective. unclear, secret

neme-

verb. to sew

norka

noun. slave, thrall, servant

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

otsondóre

cardinal. *septillion

panyara

adjective. ?setting

potsina

adjective. rearward, back, rear, hinder; next, following; second

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

saile

noun. [unglossed]

saka-

verb. to pursue, look for, search

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

sorto-

verb. to set, settle

sunqele

noun. sinking, falling, setting of heavenly bodies

súme

?. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tendile

noun. feeling, sentiment

tengenwa

adjective. wise, knowing, understanding; sensible

tirt

noun. part, portion, share, section

toron

?. [unglossed]

tuktalla

noun. *search

tulka-

verb. to fix, stick in, set up, establish

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

tunta-

verb. to see, notice, perceive

vealta-

verb. to resemble

virti-

verb. to serve

véla

verb. to see

alle

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

eant

?. [unglossed]

ematte

?. [unglossed]

erefainu

noun. release

erevainu

noun. release

esta-

verb. to send

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

iswa

adjective. wise

ka

?. [unglossed]

karwalin

noun. russet

kasondo-

verb. to make sit, set

kityalea

adjective. ticklish, susceptible, sensitive

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

map-

verb. to seize, take

mapta-

verb. to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

min-

verb. [unglossed]

máwe

noun. gull, seamew

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

nierme

?. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

otsollume

adverb. *seven times

otsondóra

cardinal. *seven million

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pukta

noun. coitus, *sex

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

ralle

?. [unglossed]

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sunqelaina

adjective. falling, fading, setting

sunqelea

adjective. westering, setting

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tantya-

verb. to set bouncing

teler-’ohta

proper name. *Sea-elf War

tendilea

adjective. feeling; sentimental

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

tulya-

verb. to send, bring

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

yu

?. [unglossed]

falassien

proper name. Thursday

Name of Thursday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to the sea and was probably derived from falas(se) “shore”.

ailin

noun. shore

A word for “shore” in the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its draft of the late 1920s (MC/213, 221), in one place given an archaic form aile and a translation “beach” (PE16/75). In the version of the Markirya poem from the 1960s, this word became Q. hresta (MC/221-222), whereas Q. ailin itself usually meant “lake” in later writings.

fen

noun. reed

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “reed” under the early root ᴱ√FEŊE (QL/38). It appeared as its stem form feng- “reed” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as a cognate of G. feng “(war) arrow” (GL/34).

ilma

noun. air

A word for “air” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), probably based on the early root ᴱ√ILU “ether”. Later ᴹQ. Ilma was used for “Starlight” (Ety/GIL; LR/205).

kémisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the second Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Kémi and sana “day”.

laivar

noun. ocean

A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).

nessaran

proper name. Thursday

Name of the second Thursday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Nessa and sana “day”, with the last s dissimilating to r.

poldórien

proper name. Sunday

Name of Sunday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to manhood and strength, and was probably derived from poldor “strength”.

sulpa

noun. soup

A word appearing as ᴱQ. sulpa “soup” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84).

Neo-Sindarin: This early root became ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP), but I assume the existence of a variant form ᴹ√SULUP “lap up” serving as the basis for words like 1948 ᴹQ. sulpa- “to lap up” (PE22/114). As such, I would preserve ᴺQ. sulpa “soup” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

tunda-

verb. to kindle

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “kindle” with variants tunda- and turu- (the latter marked † as archaic), appearing under the early root ᴱ√TUŘU [TUÐU] of the same meaning (QL/96).

wilin

noun. bird

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bird”, derived from the early root ᴱ√GWILI that was the basis for words having to do with flight (QL/104).

vísi

noun. blood

A noun appearing as vísi- “blood” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VIKI or ᴱ√VIT͡YI (QL/60). Its form might be explained by the Early Qenya sound changes ti &gt; tsi &gt; si (PE12/23).

hoiye

noun. foam

A noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/136). Its etymology is unclear.

manwisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Manwe and sana “day”.

mella

noun. girl

A word for “girl” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MELE “love”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/60). The same word did appear in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, however (PME/60).

palastor

noun. surf

A word for “surf” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from ᴱ√Palas (QL/72).

poldosan

proper name. Thursday

Alternate name of the first Thursday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of poldor “strength” and sana “day”.

súlisan

proper name. Sunday

Alternate of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of súlime “wind” and sana “day”, replacing rejected Taimósi (probably from taime “sky”).

tulkassan

proper name. Thursday

Name of the first Thursday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Tulkas and sana “day”.

aiko

noun. cliff

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiko (aiku-) “cliff” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun variant of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aico (aicu-).

lunde tiqilindea

proper name. February

A name for the month of February in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and tiqilindea “thawing”.

sinqele

noun. mine

A noun for “mine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. sink (sinq-) “mineral, gem, metal” (QL/83). This word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/83).

aiwe

noun. bird

anta-

verb. to give

ekte

noun. sword

faika

adjective. free

faire

adjective. free

falmo

noun. foam

hen

noun. eye

hesin

noun. winter

hil(de)

noun. child

ike

adjective. this

ilke

noun. appearance

kaka-

verb. to laugh

karne

adjective. red

kaune

noun. grave

kisin

adjective. cleft

kondo

noun. dragon

lahta-

verb. ‽

matl

noun. food

mekta

adjective. centre

mekte-

verb. to aim at

meqa

adjective. middle

metl

noun. centre

oqi

noun. snake

orne

noun. tree

qen

noun. Elf

qi

adjective. this

ruin

noun. peace

sat

noun. hole

sihta

adjective. moist, wet

sui

noun. daughter

talka

adjective. heavy

teler

proper name. little elf

tendl

noun. string

tinwe

noun. star

tu

pronoun. he

táma

adjective. this

tóle

noun. centre

víke

adjective. like

yelin

noun. winter

-víke

suffix. as

a

pronoun. it

amillion

noun. February

ar

noun. child

arne

noun. child

enqe

preposition. without

fenume

noun. dragon

hari

noun. blood

hestani

noun. sister

hestanoini

noun. sister

hestaqin

noun. sister

kaitoile

noun. rest

kale

noun. day

lasta

noun. sight

lempea

adjective. half

lemya

adjective. half

lenya

adjective. half

lin

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with a stem form of {linge- >>} ling- (QL/54).

lingo

noun. snake

lunga

adjective. heavy

lungo

adjective. heavy

lá

noun. day

marda

noun. world

matso

noun. food

minya

ordinal. first

ni

adjective. this

oi(we)

noun. bird

oive

noun. bird

orme

noun. tree

qende

noun. Elf

qinda

adjective. this

qinqe

noun. this

ranta

noun. part

si

adjective. this

silde

noun. daughter

sinda

noun. eye

sinda

adjective. sinda

soraksa

noun. shingle

sovalwaris

noun. February

telelle

proper name. little elf

tunda

noun. hole

turu-

verb. to kindle

wende

noun. maiden

íle

noun. star