-rē

suffix. -rē

rē

noun. single item take out of a (long) series

tō/oto

root. back

The earliest appearance of this root was ᴹ√TOTO- “repeat” from Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109). The root appeared as √TŌ/OTO in a discussion of prefixes for “back” from around 1959, where Tolkien specified its meaning as “back as an answer, or return by another agent to an action affecting him, as in answering, replying, avenging, requiting, repaying, rewarding”; Tolkien also considered the forms √UTU/TŪ (PE17/166). In this 1959 note Tolkien crossed √TŌ/OTO through and seems to have replaced it with √KHAN. Tolkien mentioned the root √OT in a discussion of numbers from the late 1960s, but only to specify that “there was no primitive base OT-” (VT47/16).

(a)tata

cardinal. two

-(a)rē

suffix. abstract noun

atata

root. two, two; [ᴹ√] again, back

atatya

adjective. double

atta

cardinal. two

khan

root. back

lairē

noun. *summer

ndorē

noun. land

ndōro

noun. land

nōrē

noun. kindred, race

tata

masculine name. Two

taurē

noun. forest

yenā

adjective. female

-rë

suffix. abstract noun

re

re

[re, possibly a 3rd person singular emphatic pronoun, struck out by Tolkien (VT49:49)]

-r

suffix. plural suffix

an-

re

an- (3) prefix "re" in antúlien, q.v. (LotR-style Quenya shows en- instead.)

ceura

adjective. renewed

An adjective for “renewed” in rough notes from the late 1960s. Where it first appeared, Tolkien had {keura “renewal” >>} keure “renewed” (VT48/7). Although keure is not a typical adjective form, it seems this change was intentional, since the corresponding Telerin form was T. ciure (VT48/7). However, on a later page Tolkien wrote keura again below Q. kēva “fresh, new, renewed” and adjacent to the Sindarin adjective S. cŷr; on this later page the noun form seems to be Q. keule (VT48/8). Thus it seems to be that ceura “✱renewed” was restored. Hat-tip to Luinyelle for this suggestion.

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

atahenta-

verb. to revise, (lit.) re-examine

A neologism coined by Luinyelle posted on 2023-11-04 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of at(a)- “again” and henta- “examine”.

catta

noun. back

A neologism for “back” coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, based on Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back of place”. This word can refer to the back of body as well as the back of other things.

-më

suffix. abstract noun

-s(së)

suffix. he, she, it; him, her, it

-ssë

suffix. abstract noun

atatya

adjective. double

atta

cardinal. two

ne(re)sta

fraction. one ninth

ré

noun. day (period from sunset to sunset)

tuilë

noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green

eneques

noun. rumor, (lit.) re-saying

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

-uva

fill

-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- "fill", future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb "to be" is given as uva, apparently the future-tense "ending" appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for "will be" (see ná #1).

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.

ata

again

ata adv. "again", also prefix ata-, at- "back, again, re-; second time, double" (AT(AT), PE17:166, cf. ataquanta-, ataquetië) or "two" (PE17:166), also "ambi-" as in ataformaitë, q.v.

atatya

double

atatya vb? adj.? "double" (VT42:26)

atta

cardinal. two

atta (1) cardinal "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19). Elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44); notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are "singular" and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45). Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta_ "again" was struck out; see the entry _TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list.

atta-

verb. back again, re-

[atta- (prefix) (2) "back again, re-" (TAT)]

atwa

double

atwa adj. "double" (AT(AT) )

ceura

renewed

ceura ("k"), probably adj. "renewed" (VT48:8). Also in the form ceurë (VT48:7), but ceura seems to be the form that would fit Tolkien's general principles best: there are many adjectives in -ra, whereas forms in -rë would normally be taken to be the plural form of such adjectives.

ceurë

renewed

ceurë ("k")adj. "renewed" (emended from a noun ceura "renewal") (VT48:7). See ceura and compare ceuranar.

ceurë

adjective. renewed

en-

verb. again-

en- (4) prefix "again-", "re-" (PE17:68), in enquantuva "shall refill", entuluva, "shall come again", Envinyatar "Renewer", envinyanta "healed, *renewed", enyalië "to recall" (Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch. 8, VT41:16, MR:405, UT:317; as for the etymology of en-, see comments on Common Eldarin base EN "again, once more" in VT48:25)

enyal-

verb. to recall

#enyal- vb. "to recall", "to commemorate", gerund/infinitive enyalië with infinitival ending -ië; dative enyalien "for the re-calling", "[in order] to recall" in CO.

inimeitë

female

inimeitë adj.? ?"female" (INI)

inya

female

inya (1) adj. "female" (INI)

manyel

female

[manyel noun "female" (PE17:190)]

málos

forest

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

nan

adverb. again

nenemma-

verb. keep on (re)appearing

neresta

one ninth

neresta fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also nesta, nersat. (VT48:11)

nersat

one ninth

nersat fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also neresta, nesta (VT48:11)

nersat

fraction. one ninth

nesta

one ninth

nesta fraction "one ninth" (1/9), also neresta, nersat (VT48:11)

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nóre

noun. land

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

opto

noun. back

pontë

back, rear

pontë (ponti-) noun "back, rear" (QL:75)

quanta

full

quanta (1) ("q") adj. "full" (KWAT, Narqelion, VT39:8, VT43:28), "filled, full" (PE17:68); the gloss "filled" would suggest that quanta can be regarded as a passive participle of quat- (q.v.) In these phrases: quanta sarmë "full writing", writing with separate letters for vowels (VT39:8); #quanta tengwë "full sign" (only pl. quantë tengwi is attested), in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant + a vowel (then analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes); hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi, namely ma + ta. (VT39:5)

quanta-

verb. fill

quanta- (2) vb. "fill" (PE17:68), cf. enquantuva "will refill" in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta "full" as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- (q.v.) is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT.

quat-

verb. fill

quat- vb. "fill" (WJ:392), future #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") (Nam, RGEO:67) Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva (VT48:11) displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquantuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward.

ré

day

ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

satto

cardinal. two

satto, "Qenya" numeral "two" (in Tolkiens later Quenya atta) (VT49:54)

tanta

double

tanta (2) (prob. adj.) "double" (TATA)

tauno

forest

tauno noun "forest" (LT1:267; in Tolkien's later Quenya taurë)

taure

noun. forest

tuilë

spring, spring-time

tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

ad

re

also meaning "back, again, second"

ad

re-

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, again, second"

cŷr

adjective. renewed

An adjective meaning “renewed” based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed” (VT48/7-8).

nothrim

noun. kindred, family, house

The word was rejected in favor of nost , but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

taur

noun. forest

_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw

-as

suffix. abstract noun

-ed

suffix. gerund

-th

suffix. abstract noun

@@@ mostly seems to use base vowel between suffix and root

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

adu

adjective. double

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

edaid

adjective. double

ethuil

noun. spring, spring [the season]

pant

adjective. full, full; [G.] (with article) the whole, all the

tuil

noun. spring

tâd

cardinal. two

inu

noun/adjective. female

-ad

suffix. gerund

-in

suffix. plural suffix

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

celu

noun. spring, source

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

edaid

ordinal. double

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

eryn

forest

_n. _forest, wood of trees.

inu

adjective. female

noss

noun. kindred, family, clan

nost

noun. kindred, family, house

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

panna-

verb. to fill

pant

adjective. full

penninor

noun. last day of the year

tad

cardinal. two

tâd

cardinal. two

ad

again

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

again

also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

celu

spring

(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

celu

spring

(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

cŷr

renewed

cŷr (lenited gŷr; no distinct pl. form) (VT48:7-8). Another form, cîr, clashes with the word for ”ship”.s

cŷr

renewed

cŷr (lenited gŷr; no distinct pl. form) (VT48:7-8). Another form, cîr, clashes with the word for ”ship”.

dan

back

(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);

dan

back

(lenited nan) (again, against);

dôr

land

1. dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

edaid

double

(adj.) 1) edaid; no distinct pl. form, 2) tadol (lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)

edaid

double

; no distinct pl. form

eden

begun again

(new), pl. edin

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

eithel

spring

(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

ethuil

spring

(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW

ethuil

spring

(no distinct pl. form).

glâd

forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwanur

kinsman, kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

gwanur

kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

inu

female

inu (analogical pl. iny)

inu

female

(analogical pl. iny)**

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

pant

full

pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, whole)

pant

full

(lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, whole)

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

pathra

fill

pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

pathra

fill

(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

tad-dal

two-legged

(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.

tadol

double

(lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)

taur

forest

1. taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (

taur

forest

(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

tawar

forest

(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)

tuia

spring

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

tuia

spring

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

tâd

cardinal. two

1. tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).

tâd

two

(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)

ui

two

(twi-, both).

inw

noun/adjective. female

A word appearing as N. inw “female” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√INI of the same meaning, the equivalent of the Quenya adjective ᴹQ. inya but altered in form to match N. anw “male” (Ety/INI).

Conceptual Development: The word for “female” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was G. gwinwed, an adjectival form of G. gwin “woman, female” (GL/45). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips from the 1910s the adjective for “fem[ale]” became G. gwineth based on primitive {ᴱ✶u̯eniı̯ásta >>} ᴱ✶u̯eniı̯ássa (PE13/118).

Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. inu to better fit Sindarin phonology, as suggested in HSD (HSD). It seems likely the Noldorin form was intended to be an adjective, but for purposes of Neo-Sindarin I think it is acceptable to use it as both an adjective or a noun, like its male equivalent ᴺS. anu.

-as

suffix. abstract noun

-ed

suffix. gerund

-os

suffix. abstract noun

-th

suffix. abstract noun

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

ar-

prefix. day

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

ethuil

noun. spring

pant

adjective. full

tadol

adjective. double

tâd

cardinal. two

-ad

suffix. gerund

-in

suffix. plural suffix

ad-

prefix. back, again, re-

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

celw

noun. spring, source

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

inw

adjective. female

nos

noun. kindred, family, clan

noss

noun. kindred, family, clan

pannod

verb. to fill

pant

adjective. full

pathra-

verb. to fill

penninar

noun. last day of the year

tad

cardinal. two

tadol

ordinal. double

tâd

cardinal. two

satta

noun. two

The Adûnaic number “two” (SD/428). It seems likely that it is related to Q. atta “two”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (AAD/22), though it is unclear how the initial s- might have developed in the Adûnaic. It may also be related to the Adûnaic dual suffix -at, as suggested by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/SAT).

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).

khibil

noun. spring

A noun translated “spring” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

zinî

noun. female

A noun translated “female” and fully declined as an example of an (archaic) feminine Strong II noun (SD/437). The archaic form of this word is †zini which is a Strong II noun since it ends in a single short vowel. Its non-archaic form is zinî, which is presumably declined as a Weak II noun; most masculine and feminine nouns became weak in Classical Adûnaic (SD/436).

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

twílë

noun. spring

ceura

adjective. renewed

tata

cardinal. two