va

preposition. from; with

vanar

collective name. Valar

A variant plural form of Vala appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/99).

valkane wilwarindon

vague as a butterfly

The sixth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is the adjective valkane “vague” followed by the adverbial form of the noun wilwarin “butterfly”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> valkane wilwarin-don = “✱vague butterfly-as”

vailimo

masculine name. Vailimo

vainóni

feminine name. Vainóni

vaire

feminine name. Vaire

valwe

masculine name. Valwe

Father of Lindo in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/16). The meaning of this name is unclear.

varda

feminine name. Varda

valkane

adjective. vague

valkarauke

proper name. Valkarauke

vaqa-

verb. vanquish

varastirion

place name. Varastirion

Archaic Qenya cognate of G. Gwarestrin “Tower of Guard” in an early name list (PE13/102), perhaps a combination of some form of the root ᴱ√VṚÐṚ having to do with rulership and tirion “tower”.

valima

adjective. valima

valatúru

masculine name. Lord of the Valar

Title of Manwë as Lord of the Valar in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/180), a combination of ᴱQ. Vala and some form of the root ᴱ√TURU “be strong”.

Conceptual Development: In a marginal note, there was a variant form Valahíru, with its second element derived from the root ᴱ√HERE “rule”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Valahíru).

valahíru

masculine name. Lord of the Valar

valto

noun. the luck of the Valar

valinórea

proper name. *Valinorean

valpio

proper name. Holy Cherry of Valinor

vana-

verb. to pass, depart, vanish, go away

valka

adjective. *vague

vartyo

noun. servant, slave

vaima

noun. wrap, robe

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. vaima “wrap, robe” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about” (QL/100).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹ√WAY “enfold” appears in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/WAY), I would retain ᴺQ. vaima “wrap, robe” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, used of very simple clothing.

vaiya

noun. sky, skies

A word for “sky” or “skies” in the Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts from around 1930 (MC/221; PE16/75) probably based on the early root ᴱ√VAẎA.

vaine

noun. sheath, pod

@@@ origin of “stem-form” unclear; it may instead be a variant

vakko

noun. jacket, coat

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. vakko in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. bacha “jacket, coat” with a deleted primitive form ᴱ✶baχa (GL/21).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. vacco “jacket, coat” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

vaisan

proper name. Monday

Alternate name of the first Monday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination Vai “Outer Ocean” and sana “day”.

vaite

adjective. skied

An adjective appearing as part of karnevaite “red-skied” in the Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts from around 1930 (MC/221) related to ᴱQ. vaiya “sky” (PE16/75).

vansil

proper name. Fairgleam

Qenya cognate of G. Bansil from an early name list (PE13/103) perhaps a combination of the root ᴱ√VANA with Sil “Moon”.

vardasan

proper name. Monday

Name of the second Monday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Varda and sana “day”.

vardo meoita

masculine name. Prince of Cats

A title of ᴱQ. Tevildo in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/15), a combination of vardo “prince” and some form of meoi “cat”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT2A/Tevildo). Perhaps meoita is a genitive form, though whether it is singular or plural is unclear.

vaska

adjective. making a plash or rush

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “making a plash or rush”, derived from the root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100).

vaskelu

noun. fountain

A word for “fountain” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed, a combination of the roots ᴱ√VASA and ᴱ√KELU (QL/93).

vasse

noun. wing

A word for “wing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar word ’wasse appeared under the early root ᴱ√GWASA (QL/103). The word vasse “wing” also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/22) and again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but not thereafter.

vassivaswe

noun. beating or rushing of wings

A word given as {vassiwaswe >>} vassivaswe the “beating or rushing of wings” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. vasse (vassi-) “wing” (QL/100).

vansamírin

place name. Road of the Feast of Double Mirth

Road used in the festival of Samírien in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/207), a combination vand- “way” with the festival’s name, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Qalvanda, Samírien).

vaimata-

verb. to robe

A word appearing as ᴱQ. vaimata- “robe” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a verb form of ᴱQ. vaima “wrap, robe” (QL/100).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain the noun ᴺQ. vaima “wrap, robe” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would also retain ᴺQ. vaimata- as a general verb for putting on clothing.

vanasan

proper name. Wednesday

Name of the second Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Vána and sana “day”.

vai

proper name. Outer Ocean

vaina

adjective. clad

vaita-

verb. to wrap

vaitya

proper name. Outermost Airs

vandl

noun. staff

vanwa

adjective. gone, on the road, past, over, lost

vaile

noun. covering, *sheath

vanko

noun. wares

vea

noun. sea

vainole

noun. quiver

val

noun. good fortune, blessedness, happiness

vala

noun. God

valin

adjective. happy

valinor

place name. Land of the Gods

valis

noun. female god

valmar

place name. House or City of the Gods

valon

noun. male god

van

noun. way, path

vard-

verb. to rule, govern

varni

noun. queen

vakse

noun. sale

vaktele

noun. trade

valda

noun/adjective. worth; worthy, dear

valka

adjective. cruel, bitter

valkane

noun. torture

valke

noun. edge, sharp blade

valmandui

noun. heaven and hell

vande

adverb. well

vande

adverb. away, hence, forth

vane

adjective. fair, lovely

vanesse

noun. beauty

vanga

noun. staff

vanima

adjective. proper, right, as it should be, fair

vanéni

noun. beauty

vaqi(e)

noun. victory

var

conjunction. or

vardo

noun. prince

varka

noun. fear, dread

varka-

verb. to bode (impersonal); to dread, fear

var limpilto var túkielto

*they are bound to or have looked for

varne

noun. strangeness, estrangement

varne

adjective. ?brown

varqa

adjective. in fear, afraid

varta

noun. change

vartyane

noun. service

varya

adjective. different

varúse

adverb. *in other manner [than]

varúse qentier nóvo san i

*in other manner than was said before

vasa-

verb. to rush (of both noise and speed, tr.)

vassale

noun. rustling

vasta

noun. road

vasta-

verb. to rush (of both noise and speed, intr.)

vat

noun. wares

vá

adverb/adjective. gone forth, away

vardar

noun. king

va-

prefix. together

vaiya

noun. seamew

vaktelear

noun. merchant

valde

noun. female god

valdea

adjective. of moment, important

valkea

adjective. cutting, sharp

valle

?. [unglossed]

valma

adjective. powerful

valme

noun. female god

valmo

noun. male god

valsi

noun. female god

vanest(e)a

adjective. beautious

vanga

noun. beard

vanta

adjective. ?beautiful

vanwe

noun. wind

vanya

adjective. good (not evil), holy

vaqasta

noun. a victory

varavilindo

masculine name. *Birdwarden

Qenya cognate of G. Gwarbilin in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/70) perhaps a combination of the roots ᴱ√WARA “guard” and ᴱ√VILI “flight” with lindo “singer”.

varimo

noun. foreigner

varitsi

noun. foreigner (fem.)

varivoite

adjective. foreign

varkima

adjective. dreadful

varyani

noun. foreigner (fem.)

varyanu

noun. foreigner

vasa

noun. juice

va tulien

will be having come

vá

noun. wind

-va

suffix. adjectival

laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon?

*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?

The second phrase (lines 3-4) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of the noun laivar “ocean” followed by the compound lúnelinqe of the words lúne “blue” and linqe “flowing”. This is followed by the instrumental plural of tala “sail” and the adverbial plural form of tinwe “star”: tinwelindon = “like stars”.

The sense of the phrase resembles the third and fourth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “with/in the flowing sea upon wings like stars”. The locative phrase laivarisse lúnelinqe “✱in sea blue-flowing” is quite close: the English omits only the word “blue”. The instrumental form talalínen “✱with sails” is more loosely translated as “upon wings”; the ship’s sails are equated to wings in other versions of the poem as well.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> laivar-i-sse lúne-linqe tala-lí-nen tinwe-li-ndon = “✱sea-(plural)-in blue-flowing sail-(plural)-with star-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: The locative plural for “in seas” was first given as vainolisse, apparently a variant of the noun Vai “(outer) ocean” (PE16/78).

uswevanda

place name. Way of Escape

Qenya cognate of G. Bad Uthwen in early name lists (PE13/102, 103, 105), first appearing as (rejected) Van Uswea. It is a combination of uswe “escape” and van “way”.

ava-

verb. to depart

laivar

noun. ocean

A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).

níva

adjective. pale

taitelon

place name. Vault of Heaven

Qenya cognate for name for ᴱN. Daideloth in a Noldorin word list from the 1920s (PE13/141), perhaps a combination of taime “sky” and a variant form of telin “roof”.

murmenalda

place name. Vale of Sleep

The valley where Men first awoke in the earliest Lost Tales, glossed “Vale of Sleep” (LT1/233). It is a combination of murme “sleep” and nalda “valley” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Murmenalda).

súlimi

feminine name. Varda

A name of Varda, feminine equivalent of Súlimo appearing in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/86; PME/86).

ulmo

masculine name. Valon of the Seas

vika

adjective. valiant

endl

noun. plain, vale

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “plain, vale”, a derivative of ᴱ√EŊE (QL/36). More than likely it is an example of the sound change “where a nasal came to stand finally before ḷ (from ḷ or lǝ) it gave -ndl (through ndl, ngl, mb[l])” (PE12/25).

kambo

noun. cellar, cave, vault

ᴱQ. kambo “cellar, cave, vault” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the root ᴱ√KAVA, also the basis of ᴱQ. kava- “dig” (QL/45).

Neo-Quenya: Derivatives of the early root ᴱ√KAVA are no longer suitable for Neo-Quenya, as both √KAM and √KAB have very different meanings in later writings, but I think this word may be adapted as ᴺQ. sampo, reconceived as a derivative of √SAP “dig”. In the Qenya Lexicon, ᴱQ. sambo was “cave, hollow” along with variant ᴱQ. sampe (QL/82), but there are plenty of other cave words in Quenya, so using sampo for “cellar, vault” seems better to me.

nalda

adjective. lowly, valley (aj.), dale (aj.)

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “lowly, valley (aj.), dale (aj.)” and variants nalda and nalba, both derived from the root ᴱ√NḶĐḶ (QL/66).

nes

noun. mead, valley, land

A noun given as archaic ᴱQ. †nes (ness-) “mead, valley, land” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE], but Tolkien indicated it should be transferred to ᴱ√NESE, which is a much more plausible root for this word (QL/66).

aika

adjective. broad, vast

tumbo

noun. dale, vale

virt

noun. servant, slave

minda-

verb. to diminish, fade, lessen, vanish

nalba

adjective. lowly, valley (aj.), dale (aj.)

vorokantele

noun. harping, vain or monotonous repetition

hanstovánen

place name. Hanstovánen

A name of the beaching place of the ship Mornie, first appearing as (rejected) Mornielta and Vane Hansto (LT1/170). The meaning of this name is unclear.

taime

noun. sky

A word for “the sky” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with variants Taime and Taimie from the early root ᴱ√TAHA [DAHA] (QL/87). ᴱQ. tea “sky” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s is probably related, as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/142).

ulmosan

proper name. Monday

Name of the first Monday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Ulmo and sana “day”.

aiko

noun. cliff

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiko (aiku-) “cliff” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun variant of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aico (aicu-).

enga

noun. mead

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mead” in the sense “✱meadow”, a derivative of ᴱ√EŊE (QL/36).

falmasan

proper name. Friday

Name of the first Friday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Falman (Osse) and sana “day”.

fantóran

proper name. Wednesday

Name of the first Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the god-name Fantur and sana “day”.

koirisan

proper name. Wednesday

Alternate name of the second Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of koire “life” and sana “day”.

onensan

proper name. Friday

Name of the second Friday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Ónen and sana “day”.

palúrien

proper name. Friday

Name of Friday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to the Earth and was possibly derived from Palúrien “Wide Earth”, another name for Yavanna.

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

tinwesan

proper name. Monday

Alternate name of the second Monday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of tinwe “star” and sana “day”.

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

vána-laisi

feminine name. Vána-Laisi

A name of Vána in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/180), a combination of her name with laisi “youth”.

e-

verb. to be

hwa-

prefix. his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive

ka

?. [unglossed]

heru-

verb. to rule

fange

noun. beard

kuluina

adjective. golden

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

manya

adjective. good (not evil)

meoi

noun. cat

máwe

noun. gull, seamew

ninqe

adjective. white

súlime

noun. wind

A noun for “wind” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” and connected to the name ᴱQ. Súlimo (QL/86). Later on, Q. Súlimë was used as the name of March (LotR/1110), whereas Q. Súlimo became “Breather” (PE21/85), a combination of Q. súlë (†þúlë) “breath” + Q. mo “person”.

vildi-

verb. to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment

vilki-

verb. to cut

virti-

verb. to serve

vána

feminine name. Vána

vára

adjective. other

váro

adverb. *rather

wal(i)na

adjective. brown

wanwa

noun. great gale

wá

noun. wind

yu

?. [unglossed]

au

preposition. away from

-víke

suffix. as

ala

noun. wing

alle

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

arwa

noun. field

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

ausi-

prefix. well

eant

?. [unglossed]

ektar

noun. swordsman

ektele

noun. fountain

ematte

?. [unglossed]

en(we)

noun. name

ere-

verb. to go

fa-

prefix. his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive

feng-

verb. to cut

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hen

noun. eye

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

ike

adjective. this

intya

?. [unglossed]

kalmaliondo

proper name. Son of Light

kante

noun. edge

karwalin

noun. russet

kektele

noun. fountain

kuluksa

adjective. golden

kuluvoite

adjective. golden

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

laiwa

adjective. pale

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

las

noun. [unglossed]

laurea

adjective. golden

laurina

adjective. golden

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

lossa

adjective. white

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

lómin

noun. shade, shadow

maika

adjective. cruel

mailina

adjective. beautiful

makillar

noun. swordsman

makte

noun. hand

An archaic word for “hand” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). There are no signs of it in Tolkien’s later writings.

malkane

noun. torture

mande

adverb. well

manwe

masculine name. Manwe

masta

noun. bread

matl

noun. food

matso

noun. food

mel(i)na

adjective. dear

min-

verb. [unglossed]

má

noun. hand

múrien

proper name. Monday

Name of Monday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to sleep and dreams, and was probably derived from ᴱ√MURU having to do with sleep. The name was first given as (rejected) Olōrien, probably derived from the root ᴱ√LORO, also related to sleep.

nalle

noun. dell

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

ni

adjective. this

nierme

?. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

nyara

noun. tale

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

orda

adjective. lofty

oronta

adjective. steep

orot

noun. cave

orwa

adjective. lofty

palante

noun. plain

palume

noun. plain

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

poa

noun. beard

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pulqe

noun. juice

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

pusta-

verb. to blow

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qi

adjective. this

qinda

adjective. this

qinqe

noun. this

ralle

?. [unglossed]

ramba-

verb. to walk

rótele

noun. cave

saile

noun. [unglossed]

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

si

adjective. this

sinda

noun. eye

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

sur-

verb. to blow

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

súlimo

masculine name. Manwe

súme

?. [unglossed]

tahóra

adjective. lofty

taimie

noun. sky

taimoinen

proper name. Wednesday

Name of Wednesday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to the heavens and was probably derived from taime “sky”.

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tea

noun. sky

tevildo

masculine name. Prince of Cats

First precursor to Sauron in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/47; LT2/15), this name was derived from the root ᴱ√TEFE having to do with hatred (QL/90).

tie-

verb. to go

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toron

?. [unglossed]

tuilére

noun. Spring

tulka

adjective. strong

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

tur

noun. king

turanion

noun. prince

turillo

noun. prince

turinqi

noun. queen

turka

adjective. strong

turqin

noun. queen

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

táma

adjective. this

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

túrani

noun. queen

túranu

noun. king

túrea

adjective. mighty

túrion

noun. prince

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

ve

preposition. as, like

velte

noun. beard

vildima

adjective. essential, imperative

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

waiwe

noun. seamew

wanwavoite

adjective. windy

warda-

verb. to rule

wassale

noun. rustling

wasse

noun. wing

welme

noun. spring

welwe

noun. spring

yaim-

verb. to possess

yaima-

verb. to possess

yanwa

noun. goose

yarendilyon

noun. sailor

yaule

noun. cat

ó-

verb. to be

ô

preposition. from

latta

noun. year