Sindarin 

al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:101:146] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

al-

well

pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:172] < ALA good, healthy, prosperous, fortunate. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

al-

prefix. no, not

Sindarin [PE17/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al-

prefix. well, happily

Sindarin [PE17/146; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

mae

well

_ adv. _well. >> mael

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:131:162] < either MAY or MAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mael

adjective. well

_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:172] < (A)MAY suitable, useful, prosper, serviceable, right. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

-less

pref. -less. >> penadar

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:173] < PEN lack, have not. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:34:144] < PENE lack. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mael

adjective. well

Sindarin [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

û

adverb/interjection. no, not, no, not, [G.] nor

Sindarin [PE17/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dae

adverb. very

law

adverb. not

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < ƀan fair. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

baw

interjection. no, don't!

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < *_magā_ < MAGA to thrive, be in good state. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mae

adverb. well

Sindarin [LotR/I:XII, Letters/308] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mae

adverb. well

adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:16] < (_maZĕ_ <) _măgē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < MAY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

Sindarin [Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen-

-less

pref. -less. Q. _pen _without, not having. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:171] < PEN lack, not have. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

Sindarin [S/437] sereg+gond. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

Sindarin [WJ/369, LotR/A(v)] Group: SINDICT. Published by

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:144] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an-

very

(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:

an-

very

as in:

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

dae

very

dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

dae

very

(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

eithel

well

(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

eithel

well

(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

no, not

also ú

no, not

-, also ú-

mae

well

(adverb) mae (lenited vae).

mae

well

(lenited vae).

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

good

(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

Noldorin 

al-

prefix. no, not

@@@ the phrase “the only place in Noldorin where the primitive prefix is preserved” was deleted (EtyAC/AR²)

al-

prefix. no, not

Noldorin [Ety/367] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dae

adverb. very

Noldorin [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. well

interjection. no

Noldorin [EtyAC/MŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadriel

feminine name. Galadriel

Noldorin [PE22/068; SDI1/Galadriel; TI/246; TII/Galadriel; WRI/Galadriel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quenya 

al-

prefix. -less

-less

Quenya [PE 18:30] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

'al-

thrive

'al- (1) vb."thrive" (GALA; the 'simply indicates that the original initial G has disappeared and needs not normally be included, PE17:100) Other sources hint at the meaning "grow" (cf. the root GAL meaning "grow, be healthy; to grow [like a plant]", PE17:153). Compare ala- #4 and #alála- (and cf. ol-).

ala-

plant, grow

ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).

ala-

not

ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.

ala-

good

ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.

altáriel

feminine name. Galadriel

The Quenya name of Galadriel, an adaptation of the Telerin name Alatáriel (UT/266, PM/347). See the entry on Galadriel for further discussion of this name’s history, and ✶Ñ(g)alatā-rigelle for a discussion of the conceptual development of its etymology.

Quenya [MR/182; MRI/Altariellë; NM/346; NM/353; PE17/050; PE17/084; PE17/169; PM/347; PMI/Galadriel; RGEO/58; SA/kal; UT/266; UTI/Al(a)táriel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laima

noun. plant

A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.

naltariel

feminine name. Galadriel

What the Quenya name of Altáriel (S. Galadriel) would have been if it had been coined in Quenya instead of adapted from Telerin (PM/347). This name is a compound of nalta “radiance, glittering reflection” and riel(lë) “garlanded maiden”. See S. Galadriel and ✶Ñ(g)alatā-rigelle for further discussion.

Quenya [PE17/059; PE17/060; PM/347] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sanavaldo

the almighty

Sanavaldo noun "the Almighty" (SD:401). The word is difficult to fully explain, since sana- is not elsewhere associated with the meaning "al(l)".Compare iluvala.

al(a)-

prefix. well, happily

Quenya [PE17/146; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al(a)-

prefix. in-, un-, not; †-less, without

Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/156; PE22/160; VT42/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. no, not

Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/160; PE22/161; PE22/162; PE22/166; PE23/134; VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much

Quenya [PE17/162; VT47/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nec-

prefix. without

ú

particle. not

lai

adverb. very

tampo

noun. well

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

-lóra

-less, without

-lóra ending "-less, without", as in ómalóra "voiceless" (VT45:28)

-valta

-less

-valta suffix "-less", also -viltë (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23) The ending -lóra appears with the same meaning in Tolkien's later Quenya.

-viltë

-less

-viltë adjectival ending "-less", also -valta (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23). Rather -lóra in Tolkien's later Quenya.

Amarië

good

Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending - (Silm)

Mairen

well

Mairen fem. name(UT:210), initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" (PM:372) could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "(of) good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon (PE18:163).

ala

not

ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation , -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix - (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in ála tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.

alála-

to continually grow

#alála- vb *"to continually grow" (VT27:20, 25), maybe the frequentative form of a simpler verb al- or ala- "to grow". Cf. 'al- "thrive".

an-

very

an- (2) intensive or superlative prefix carrying the idea of "very" or "most", seen in ancalima "most bright" (cf. calima "bright"), antara "very high, very lofty" and #anyára "very old" or "oldest" (the latter form occurring in the so-called Elaine inscription [VT49:40], there with the dative ending -n). Assimilated to am- before p-, as in amparca ("k") "very dry", and to al-, ar-, as- before words in l-, r-, s- (though Tolkien seems to indicate that before words in l- derived from earlier d, the original quality of the consonant would be preserved so that forms in and- rather than all- would result). See also un-. (Letters:279, VT45:5, 36) Regarding the form of the superlative prefix before certain consonants, another, partially discrepant system was also set down in the Etymologies and first published in VT45:36. The prefix was to appear as um- or un- before labialized consonants like p-, qu-, v- (the consonant v preserving its ancient pronunciation b- following the prefix, thus producing a word in umb-), as in- (technically -) before c- and g- (the latter presumably referring to words that originally had initial g-, later lost in Quenya but evidently preserved following this prefix), and as an- otherwise. However, this system would contradict the canonical example ancalima, which would have been *incalima if Tolkien had maintained this idea. In a post-LotR source, the basic form of the prefix is given as am- instead (see am- #2). In this late conception, the prefix still appears as an- before most consonants, but as ama- before r, l, and the form an- is used even before s- (whether original or from þ), not the assimilated variant as- described above. General principles would suggest that the form am- should also appear before y- (so the form #anyára probably presupposes an- rather than am- as the basic form of the prefix, Tolkien revisiting the earlier concept in the _Elaine inscription). (PE17:92)_

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

ehtelu-

verb. well, bubble out

Quenya [PE 22:103, 117] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

empanya-

plant

*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

ita

very, extremely

ita, íta adv. 2) "very, extremely" (PE17:112). Like #1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril (Q Itaril), so it is questionable if #1 and #2 were ever meant to coexist in the "same" version of Quenya.

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see ); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

lai

very

[lai adverbial particle "very" (VT45:8)]

laima

plant

laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.

no, not

(1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

mai

well

mai (1) adv. "well" (VT47:6), apparently also used as prefix (PE17:17:162, 163, 172)

mandë

well

mandë (2) adv. "well" (VT49:26; this is "Qenya"). Rather mai in Tolkiens later Quenya.

mára

adjective. good

Quenya [PE 22:154, 166] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

tampo

well

tampo noun "well" (QL:93)

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare , which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

Primitive elvish

al(a)

root. good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)

A root variously meaning “blessed, fortunate, prosperous” (PE17/146) and in some circumstances “healthy” and “good (physically)” (PE17/149, 172) or just simply “good” (PE17/146, 150, 153, 158). It was first mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s in association with the root ᴹ√ALAM “elm” to which it might be related “since the elm was held blessed and beloved by the Eldar” (Ety/ÁLAM). In Quenya at least its sense was influenced by √GAL “grow, be healthy, flourish” (PE17/146, 153). At one point Tolkien said “this stem was less used in Sindarin, but occurs in a few old forms”, notably S. elia- “to cause to prosper, bless” and S. alw [alu] “wholesome (PE17/146).

The existence of this root is one of reasons that Tolkien decided to abandon la-negation around 1959, saying “AL, LA have too much to do”. Tolkien’s vacillations on the nature of la-negation might therefore have pushed this root in and out of favor, but it is difficult to tell for certain.

Primitive elvish [PE17/059; PE17/146; PE17/149; PE17/150; PE17/153; PE17/158; PE17/162; PE17/170; PE17/172; VT42/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. well

Primitive elvish [PE17/016; PE17/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

manrā

adjective. good

Primitive elvish [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

aba-

prefix. not

alatáriel

feminine name. Galadriel

Telerin [NM/349; NM/352; NM/353; PE17/060; PM/346; PM/347; PMI/Galadriel; UT/266] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

al-

prefix. form of the negative particle

Early Quenya [QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by

almo

noun. shoulder(s), back

The word ᴱQ. almo or aldamo “back, shoulders” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, and the longer form was an element in the name ᴱQ. Aikaldamor “Broad Back” (QL/29). This pair of words (along with deleted {alma}) reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but there they had the gloss “shoulder” (PE16/144).

Neo-Quenya: The early root ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree”, which in later writings was derived from ✶galadā. Thus ᴺQ. almo “shoulder” might be retained as a derivative of the later form of the root: √GAL. The sense of the later root was “grow (like plants), flourish” rather than “spread”, so this is a bit of a reach semantically, though not impossible since ✶galadā referred to broad, spreading trees as opposed to ✶ornē for tall trees (NM/349). I would use ᴺQ. almo only for “shoulder”; for “back” I recommend the neologism ᴺQ. catta.

Early Quenya [PE16/144; QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Early Quenya [PME/093; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-vilte

suffix. -less

Early Quenya [GL/23; QL/065; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ausi-

prefix. well

Early Quenya [QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mande

adverb. well

Early Quenya [QL/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vande

adverb. well

Early Quenya [QL/099] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-valta

suffix. -less

aldamo

noun. shoulder(s), back

enqe

preposition. without

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

al-

verb. to thrive

Qenya [Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al(a)-

prefix. not, negative prefix

Qenya [Ety/GALA; EtyAC/ALA; EtyAC/LA; PE19/056; PE23/099] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ava-

prefix. without

Qenya [Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il-

prefix. no, not

Qenya [Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lai

adverb. very

adverb. no, not

Qenya [Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/122; PE23/074; PE23/078; PE23/099; PE23/103; PE23/104; PE23/107; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

au-

prefix. without

Middle Primitive Elvish

ala-

prefix. very

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/41] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al

prefix. without

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root. no, not

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GŪ; Ety/MŪ; Ety/UGU; EtyAC/GŪ; EtyAC/ƷŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gū̆-

interjection. no, not

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GŪ; Ety/UGU; EtyAC/GŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

-(a)vlid

suffix. -less

alc(hor)

noun. shrine, fane, temple

Gnomish [GL/18; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. well

Gnomish [GL/20; GL/52; GL/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mora

adjective. good

Gnomish [GG/10; GG/15; GG/16; GL/17; GL/56; GL/57; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mawr

adjective. good

odra

adverb. very

Early Noldorin

agos

adverb. very

Early Noldorin [PE13/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maur

adjective. good

Early Noldorin [PE13/122; PE13/124; PE13/125; PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

môr

adjective. good

Early Primitive Elvish

ū

root. not

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/096; QL/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

magra

adjective. good

Old Noldorin [EtyAC/MAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by