Quenya 

ambar

fate, doom

ambar (2) noun "fate, doom" (variant of umbar?) in Turambar (SA:amarth); stem ambart- (PE17:66), instrumental ambartanen "by doom" (Silm ch. 21, UT:138, PE17:66). The early "Qenya" lexicon has ambar "Fate", also amarto (LT2:348)

ambar

a-mbar

ambar (1) ("a-mbar") noun "oikumenē [Greek: the earth as the human habitation], Earth, world" (MBAR), stem ambar- (PE17:66), related to and associated with mar "home, dwelling" (VT45:33); in VT46:13 the latter glosses are possibly also ascribed to the word ambar itself (the wording is not clear). The form ambaren also listed in the Etymologies was presumably intended as the genitive singular at the time of writing (in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular); in the printed version in LR, the misreading "ambaron" appears (see VT45:33). Ambar-metta noun "the end of the world" (EO); spelt ambarmetta in VT44:36. The element #umbar in Tarumbar "King of the World" (q.v.) would seem to be a variant of ambar, just like ambar #2 "doom" also alternates with umbar (see below).

ambar

breast

ambar (3) noun ""breast" (chest), with stem in -s- or -r- (QL:30). The form ambar, translated "in bosom", occurs in MC:213 (this is "Qenya"). Note: if this word were to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, we should probably have to read *ambas with stem ambar-; compare olos, olor- "dream" from a late source. However, the form ambos (q.v.) is less ambiguous and may be preferred.

ambar

noun. fate, doom, fate, doom, [ᴱQ.] lot

ambar

noun. The World, Earth, (lit.) Habitation, Settlement

The word Ambar is probably the most common Quenya word for the “World”. Its more literal meaning is “Habitation” (MR/337; NM/226) or “Settlement” (PE17/163) in the sense that it is the realm in which the children of Eru (Elves and Men) live. A clear description of this notion can be found in notes from late 1960s:

> Ambar was thus “the great settlement”. This may be translated “world” — meaning this Earth as the place (by destiny) inhabited by Elves and Men, the Children of Eru. It thus resembles ἡ οἰκουμένη [Greek = “the inhabited world”], but was not limited either to the parts of Earth actually inhabited, or to those inhabited by any special peoples such as the Elves, or among Men the Numenóreans. The decision, the fixing of the dwelling place, was thought of as proceeding from Eru and was so part of his Umbar [Destiny]. Umbar, so used, might be said to be “the history of Ambar”, so far as already accomplished, and its future so far as already arranged and defined (PE17/163).

This specific note was rejected, but similar descriptions appear elsewhere (NM/226-227). As noted by Tolkien here and elsewhere, the term Ambar was also intertwined with the notion of Destiny (Umbar) as willed by Eru.

Another common term for “world” was Q. Arda, more literally “Realm”, but strictly speaking this referred to the regions under the dominion of Manwë, and so included areas outside of the world such as Aman (after its removal from the world) and the remainder of the Solar System (PE17/105; MR/337; NM/227). Tolkien also sometimes used Q. cemen “earth” for “the Earth” (VT44/34; MR/387), particularly in Q. Kementári “Queen of the Earth” as a name for Yavanna (S/28). But that seems to refer more to livable surface of the world rather than the entire world itself.

Etymology: This word was derived from the root √MBAR “settle, dwell”, with a vocalic augment: ✶a-mbar (PE17/105, 124). It is not the result of a syllabic nasal ✶ṃbar, as that would produce Q. umbar, the Elvish word for fate or destiny (PE17/104).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴹQ. Ambar first appeared in a document labeled ᴹQ. Ambarkanta “The Shape of the World” from the early 1930s (SM/235-240). It appeared as ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same basic meaning and derivation as given above. A possible precursor is the word ᴱQ. irmin “the inhabited world” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was similar in form and meaning but derived from a different root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). There was a variant Imbar of Ambar in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth from around 1959 (MR/337) which might be a callback to this earlier word.

Cognates

  • S. amar “world, the Earth, (lit.) settlement, the great habitation” ✧ PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124; NM/228
  • T. ambar “the world, the great habitation” ✧ NM/228

Derivations

  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/226; PE17/064; PE17/066; PE17/078; PE17/090; PE17/163
  • ambar(a) “the settlement, establishment, the world” ✧ NM/228; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/228; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MBAR > ambar[ambar]✧ NM/226
MBAR > ambar[ambar]✧ PE17/064
MBAR > ambar[ambar]✧ PE17/066
MBAR > Ambar[ambar]✧ PE17/078
MBAR > ambar[ambar]✧ PE17/090
ambar- > ambar[ambar]✧ PE17/104
ambar(ă) > ambar[ambara] > [ambar]✧ PE17/105
a-mbar- > ambar[ambara]✧ PE17/124
MBAR > ambar-[ambara]✧ PE17/163

Variations

  • Imbar ✧ MR/337; MRI/Imbar; WJI/Imbar
  • ambar ✧ NM/226; NM/228; PE17/064; PE17/066; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/103; PE17/104; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124; PE22/147; VT44/36
  • ambar- ✧ PE17/163 (ambar-)
Quenya [LotR/0967; MR/337; MRI/Ambar; MRI/Imbar; MS/01; NM/226; NM/228; PE17/064; PE17/066; PE17/074; PE17/078; PE17/090; PE17/103; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124; PE17/163; PE22/147; VT44/36; WJ/402; WJI/Ambar; WJI/Imbar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amba

up, upwards

amba 1) adv. "up, upwards" (AM2, PE17:157). Apparently also ama (UNU).

amba

adverb. up

Quenya [PE 22:21] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ambaron

g.sg. ambarónen

ambaron (ambarón- as in "g.sg. ambarónen", in LotR-style Quenya this would be a dative singular) noun "uprising, sunrise, Orient" (AM2). - In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the form ambaron also appears in the entry MBAR, but according to VT45:33 this is an error for ambaren, apparently intended as the genitive singular of ambar (in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular).

ambas

ambas

*ambas, see ambar # 3

umbar

fate, doom

umbar (umbart-, as in dat.sg. umbarten) noun "fate, doom" (MBARAT), also name of tengwa #6 (Appendix E).Cf. Umbarto. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, umbar was the name of letter #18 (VT45:33), which tengwa Tolkien would later call malta instead changing its Quenya value from mb to m. In the word Tarumbar "King of the World" (q.v.), umbar appears to be a variant of Ambar (q.v.) instead.

umbar

noun. doom

doom

Quenya [PE 18:92] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

umbar

noun. fate, doom, curse

Cognates

  • S. amarth “fate, doom” ✧ PE17/066; PE17/104; PE17/104; PE17/123; PE17/124; PE18/092; NM/228

Derivations

  • ṃbart(ă) “fate, doom; (orig.) permanent establishment” ✧ NM/228; PE17/123; PE17/124; PE18/092; PE19/077
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/228; PE17/124
  • M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ PE17/066
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ PE17/104; PE17/105
  • ṃbar ✧ PE17/104; PE17/104
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ṃbart- > umbar[ṃbart] > [umbart] > [umbar]✧ PE19/077

Variations

  • ambar ✧ PE17/066
  • Umbar ✧ PE17/163 (Umbar)
Quenya [LotR/1122; NM/228; PE17/066; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/123; PE17/124; PE17/163; PE18/092; PE19/077; S/223; UT/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Tarumbar

king of the world

Tarumbar noun; apparently "King of the World" (possibly an ephemeral form): this would be tár "king" (q.v.) + umbar as a variant of Ambar "world".

ama

up

ama adv.? element not glossed, evidently meaning "up" like the prefix am-, or an alternative form of amba (UNU)

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

amarto

fate

amarto noun "Fate" (also ambar) (LT2:348; in LotR-style Quenya rather umbar, umbart-)

ambos

breast

ambos (ambost-) noun "breast" (chest). PE16:82

manar

doom, final end, fate, fortune

manar noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD (under MAN), VT45:32)

marta

fate

marta (3) noun "fate" (VT45:33, VT46:13) Cf. marto.

am-

up

am- (1) prefix "up" (AM2)

am-

prefix. up, up, [ᴱQ.] upwards

Derivations

  • AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

Element in

amu

up, upwards

amu adv. "up, upwards" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya amba)

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

mandë

doom, final end, fate, fortune

mandë (1) noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD, under MAN)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

irmin

the world, all the regions inhabited by men

irmin noun "the world, all the regions inhabited by Men" (LT2:343; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya)

-nen

most nouns have an instrumental in -nen

-nen instrumental ending (pl. -inen, dual -nten, partitive pl. -línen). Attested in ambartanen, lírinen, lintieryanen, súrinen, parmanen; see ambar (#2), lírë, lintië, súrë, parma. Tolkien noted that "most nouns have an instrumental in -nen" (PE17:62), a wording suggesting that the form of the ending may vary; given the normal development ln > ld, it is possible that it would appear as *-den when added to a noun in -l (*macilden "with a sword").

Sindarin 

amarth

noun. fate, doom

Sindarin [Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amarth

noun. fate

n. fate. Q. umbar. >> Amon Amarth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:104] < *_ambarta_ < primitive S. *_ambar_ < _m¥bar_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amarth

fate

1b n. fate, doom. Q. ambar (ambart-). >> Amon Amarth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:66:114] < MAR(AT)/MBART doom, fate. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amarth

fate

n. fate, doom. Q. umbar. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:123-4] < S. _ammarth _< *_mbart-_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amarth

noun. fate, doom

Cognates

  • Q. umbar “fate, doom, curse” ✧ PE17/066; PE17/104; PE17/104; PE17/123; PE17/124; PE18/092; NM/228

Derivations

  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/226; PE17/104
  • ṃbart(ă) “fate, doom; (orig.) permanent establishment” ✧ NM/228; PE17/124; PE18/092; VT41/10
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/228; PE17/124
  • M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ PE17/066
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
  • mbartā- “to define, decree, destine” ✧ PE17/104
    • M(B)ARAT “doom, fate”
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ PE17/104

Element in

  • S. Amarthan “Fated One” ✧ VT41/10
  • S. Amon Amarth “Mount Doom, (lit.) Hill of Doom” ✧ PE17/066; PE17/104; PE17/114; PE17/123; SA/amarth
  • S. Cabed Naeramarth “Leap of Dreadful Doom” ✧ S/224; SA/amarth
  • S. Turamarth “Master of Doom” ✧ SA/amarth
  • S. Úmarth “Ill-fate” ✧ SA/amarth

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbartā > ṃbartā > ambarta > amarth[ṃbartā] > [ambartā] > [ambarta] > [ambartʰa] > [ambarθa] > [ambarθ] > [ammarθ] > [amarθ]✧ PE17/104
ṃbart(ă) > ammarth > amarth[ṃbarta] > [ṃbart] > [ambart] > [ambartʰ] > [ambarθ] > [ammarθ] > [amarθ]✧ PE17/124

Variations

  • ammarth ✧ PE18/092 (Ln. ammarth); VT41/10
  • Amarth ✧ PMI/Amarth
Sindarin [NM/227; NM/228; PE17/066; PE17/104; PE17/114; PE17/123; PE17/124; PE18/092; PMI/Amarth; S/224; SA/amarth; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammarth

fate

n. fate, doom. ammarth > amarth. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:123-4] < *_mbart-_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ammarth

noun. fate, doom

am

adverb. up, up, [G.] upwards, towards head of, above

Cognates

  • Q. amba “up(wards)”

Derivations

  • AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

Element in

  • S. amdir “hope [based on reason], (lit.) looking up, hope [based on reason], *expectation, (lit.) looking up” ✧ MR/320
  • S. Amlaith
  • S. amloth “helm crest, (orig.) uprising flower”
  • ᴺS. amor “morning, early day”
  • S. Amras “Top-russet”
  • S. Amrod “*High and Lofty”
  • S. Amroth “Up-climber, High Climber”
  • S. amrûn “sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising”

Variations

  • Am ✧ MR/320 (Am)

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

place name. The World

A Sindarin name for the world appearing only in the name Mîr n’Ardhon “Jewel of the World” (PM/348). Since this name is the translation of Q. Ardamírë, it follows that Ardhon may be a cognate of Q. Arda: “The World, (lit.) Realm”. As such, it may be a combination of some form of S. gardh “region” (in early writings, N. ardh) with a suffixal element -on, possibly the augmentative suffix -on. It is also possible that this form is lenited, and the proper form is gardhon.

Cognates

  • Q. Arda “The World, (lit.) Realm”

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
gardh“region”
-on“augmentative suffix”

Variations

  • Arðon ✧ PM/348

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

amarth

fate

amarth (doom), pl. emerth; also manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh);

amarth

doom

(noun) 1) amarth (fate), pl. emerth; 2) band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath. 3) manadh (i vanadh) (final end, fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh)

amarth

doom

(fate), pl. emerth

amarth

fate

(doom), pl. emerth; also manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh);

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bartha

doom

(verb) bartha- (i martha, i mbarthar)

bartha

doom

(i martha, i mbarthar)

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth)

band

doom

(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, prison, safekeeping, duress, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

cae

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

manadh

doom

(i vanadh) (final end, fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

Telerin 

ambar

noun. the world, the great habitation

Cognates

  • Q. Ambar “The World, Earth, (lit.) Habitation, Settlement” ✧ NM/228

Derivations

  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/226
  • ambar(a) “the settlement, establishment, the world” ✧ NM/228
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ NM/228; PE17/104; PE17/105; PE17/124
Telerin [NM/226; NM/228] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

Element in

Variations

  • dāira ✧ SD/247

Primitive elvish

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • N. Gondobar “Stone of the World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > amar[ambar] > [ambar] > [ammar] > [amar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammarth

noun. fate, doom

Noldorin [Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ammarth

noun. doom

doom

Noldorin [PE 18:92] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ammarth

noun. fate, doom

should be amarth because [[n|[mm] shortened]] @@@

Changes

  • marthbarth “fate” ✧ EtyAC/MBARAT
  • marthbarth “fate” ✧ EtyAC/SIL

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. marta “fated, fey; fate” ✧ EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL
  • ᴹQ. umbar “fate, doom” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBARAT “fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL

Element in

  • N. Dolamarth “Mount Doom”
  • N. Turumarth “Master of Fate, Conqueror of Fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBARAT > ammarth[ambarta] > [ambartʰa] > [ambarθa] > [ambarθ] > [ambarθ] > [ammarθ]✧ Ety/MBARAT

Variations

  • marth ✧ EtyAC/MBARAT (marth); EtyAC/SIL (marth)
  • barth ✧ EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL
Noldorin [Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

barth

noun. fate

am

preposition. up, upwards, upon

Noldorin [Ety/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

am

adverb. up

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. amba “up(wards)” ✧ Ety/AM²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

  • N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • N. Amroth
  • N. Ammalas
  • N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/AM²; PE22/035

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AM² > am[amba] > [amb] > [amb] > [amm] > [am]✧ Ety/AM²

Variations

  • amb ✧ PE22/035 (amb)
Noldorin [Ety/AM²; PE22/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bartha-

verb. to doom

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Changes

  • cíwcoe ✧ Ety/KEM

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kemen “soil, earth; Great Lands” ✧ Ety/KEM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
  • ᴹ✶kēm “*earth” ✧ EtyAC/KEM
    • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KEM > coe[kǣm] > [kaim] > [kai] > [koe]✧ Ety/KEM
ᴹ✶kēm > cíw[kēm] > [kīm] > [kīv] > [kīw]✧ EtyAC/KEM

Variations

  • cíw ✧ EtyAC/KEM (cíw)
Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

manadh

noun. doom, final end, fate, fortune

Noldorin [Ety/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

manadh

noun. final bliss

Noldorin [Ety/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Old sindarin

ambar

noun. fate, doom

Derivations

  • ṃbar ✧ PE17/104
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ṃbar > ambar[ṃbar] > [ambar]✧ PE17/104
Old sindarin [PE17/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

ambar

noun. fate

ambar

noun. Earth, World

Cognates

  • N. amar “Earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > a-mbar[ambara]✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√[?mbar] > ambar[ambara]✧ EtyAC/SIL

Variations

  • a-mbar ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • ambaron ✧ EtyAC/MBAR
  • ambar ✧ EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; SM/241
Qenya [Ety/MBAR; EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; LRI/Ambar; SD/056; SM/235; SM/236; SM/241; SMI/Ambar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambor

noun. breast, breast, *chest

The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).

ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶amƀus “breast” ✧ PE21/33

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶amƀus- > ambor[amβus] > [ambus] > [ambur] > [ambor]✧ PE21/33

umbar

noun. fate, doom

Cognates

  • N. ammarth “fate, doom” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Derivations

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Turambar “Master of Fate, Conqueror of Fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT (Turumbar)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBARAT > umbar[ṃbarta] > [ṃbart] > [umbart] > [umbar]✧ Ety/MBARAT
ᴹ✶ṃbárt- > umbar[ṃbarta] > [ṃbart] > [umbart] > [umbar]✧ EtyAC/A

Variations

  • ambar ✧ PE21/33; PE21/33
Qenya [Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/A; EtyAC/MBARAT; PE19/036; PE21/33; PE22/022; PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ama

adverb. up

am-

prefix. up

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AM² > am-[am-]✧ Ety/AM²

arda

place name. Earth, world

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
arda“realm, region”

Variations

  • arda ✧ SD/246; SD/310
Qenya [LRI/Arda; SD/246; SD/310; SD/401; SDI2/Arda; SMI/Arda] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

  • hun ✧ PE21/19
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ambar

noun. ambar

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mbarat

root. fate

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. maranwe “destiny” ✧ Ety/MBARAT
  • ᴹQ. martya- “to destine” ✧ Ety/MBARAT
  • ᴹQ. marta “fated, fey; fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL
  • ᴹQ. umbar “fate, doom” ✧ Ety/MBARAT
  • N. ammarth “fate, doom” ✧ Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL
  • N. barad “doomed, *fated” ✧ Ety/MBARAT
  • N. bartha- “to doom” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Turambar “Master of Fate, Conqueror of Fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Variations

  • MAR-TA ✧ EtyAC/MBARAT
  • [?mbar]-ta ✧ EtyAC/SIL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MBARAT; EtyAC/MBARAT; EtyAC/SIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. up

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶amba- ✧ Ety/AM²
    • ᴹQ. amba “up(wards)” ✧ Ety/AM²
    • ᴹQ. ambon “upward slope, hill-side” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • ᴹQ. am- “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • ᴹQ. amba “up(wards)” ✧ Ety/UNU
  • ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • N. am “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
  • N. amon “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ampende “upward slope” ✧ Ety/PEN
  • N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/PEN
  • N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Variations

  • AM ✧ Ety/NDŪ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM²; Ety/NDŪ; Ety/PEN; Ety/UNU] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amƀus

noun. breast

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ambor “breast, breast, *chest” ✧ PE21/33

Variations

  • amƀus- ✧ PE21/33
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

umbart

noun. fate

Cognates

  • Eq. ambar “fate, lot” ✧ LT2A/Turambar

Variations

  • umrod ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Turambar
  • Umrod ✧ GL/75
  • Umbart ✧ GL/75
Gnomish [GL/56; GL/75; LT2A/Turambar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amoth

noun. breast

umrod

noun. fate

idhru

place name. the world

Cognates

  • Eq. irmin “the inhabited world” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IÐI “dwell‽” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril

Element in

  • G. Idhrubar “the world, all the regions inhabited by men” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril
Gnomish [GL/50; LT2A/Idril] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orthi

adverb. up

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising”

Early Noldorin

am(b)

noun. breast

Changes

  • amuithamb “breast” ✧ PE13/137

Element in

  • En. am(b)os “breastplate” ✧ PE13/137 (am(b)os)

Variations

  • amb ✧ PE13/137 (amb)
  • am ✧ PE13/137 (am)
  • amuith ✧ PE13/137 (amuith)
Early Noldorin [PE13/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

adverb. up

Cognates

  • Eq. amba “up” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
  • Et. amba ✧ PE13/159

Element in

  • En. amvenn “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome”
  • En. amvinn “slope, incline, hillside”
Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am(m)arth

noun. fate

Changes

  • ambarthamarth “fate” ✧ PE13/137

Cognates

  • Eq. ambar “fate, lot” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
  • Et. mars ✧ PE13/159
  • Et. morta “fate” ✧ PE13/137

Derivations

Element in

  • En. am(b)red “fated” ✧ PE13/159
  • En. Turmarth “Conqueror of Fate” ✧ PE15/61

Variations

  • amarth ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
  • ambarth ✧ PE13/137 (ambarth)
Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159; PE15/61] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

morta

noun. fate

Cognates

Derivations

Solosimpi [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ambar

noun. breast, bosom

Cognates

  • G. am “breast, front (chest)”

Element in

Variations

  • ambar ✧ MC/213; PME/030; QL/030; QL/048 (ambar)
Early Quenya [MC/213; PME/030; QL/030; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. fate, lot

Cognates

  • En. am(m)arth “fate” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
  • G. umbart “fate” ✧ LT2A/Turambar

Derivations

Element in

  • Eq. Turambar “Conqueror of Fate” ✧ LT2A/Turambar

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ambŕ:t- > ambart-[ambṝt] > [ambart] > [ambar]✧ PE13/137
ᴱ✶a-mbṝt- > ambar[ambṝt] > [ambart] > [ambar]✧ PE13/159
ᴱ√mᵃrtᵃr > Amarto[amṝtō] > [amṝto] > [amarto]✧ QL/034

Variations

  • amarto ✧ LT2A/Turambar
  • ambar ✧ LT2A/Turambar; PE13/159
  • Amarto ✧ QL/034
  • Ambar ✧ QL/034
Early Quenya [LT2A/Turambar; PE13/137; PE13/159; PME/034; QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amba

adverb. up

Cognates

  • En. am “up” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159

Element in

Early Quenya [PE13/137; PE13/159; PE16/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amarto

noun. fate

ambos

noun. breast

Cognates

  • En. amoth “shoulder” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
  • En. bost “back from shoulder to shoulder” ✧ PE13/139

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ > ambos[ambodt] > [amboðt] > [ambozt] > [ambost] > [ambos]✧ PE13/137
ᴱ✶a-mbos-t > ambos[ambost] > [ambos]✧ PE13/159
Early Quenya [PE13/137; PE13/139; PE13/159; PE16/136; PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by