mar

noun. home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth

Cognates

• N. bár “home; earth”
• Ilk. bar “home”

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ EtyAC/ÉNED; Ety/GAWA; Ety/MBAR; Ety/TAN; EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; PE19/036
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

• ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ EtyAC/MBAR
• ᴹQ. ampanaina i·már a·tatallanes “While it was being built people marveled at the house” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. Eldamar “Elvenhome”
• ᴹQ. Endamar “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/ÉNED; Ety/MBAR
• ᴹQ. Fanyamar “Cloudhome, Upper Air”
• ᴹQ. hon-maren “heart of the house” ✧ LR/063
• ᴹQ. Ilu vanya, fanya, eari, i-mar, ar ilqa ímen “the World is fair, the sky, the seas, the earth, and all that is in them” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. lie tatallaner i·már ampanaina “While it was being built people marveled at the house” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e utúlie “*having built a house he has come” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e·tuve “he finds a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108 (már akárielya e·tuve)
• ᴹQ. már akárielya e·utúvie “he has found a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108 (már akárielya e·utúvie)
• ᴹQ. Mardil
• ᴹQ. már karnelya e·tulle “having built a house he came” ✧ PE22/108
• ᴹQ. már karnelya e·túve “he found a house that had been (already) built” ✧ PE22/108 (már karnelya e·túve)
• ᴹQ. Martalmar “Roots of the Earth”
• ᴹQ. Martan(o) “Earth-smith, Earthbuilder” ✧ Ety/GAWA; Ety/MBAR; Ety/TAN
• ᴹQ. Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva “Cottage of the Lost Play” ✧ PE21/69
• ᴹQ. márie “Melko has gone from Earth: it is good.” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. Pelmar “Enclosed Dwelling”
• ᴹQ. Tarkilmar “Westermanton”
• ᴹQ. Valmar “City of the Gods”
• N. Angmar

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ EtyAC/ÉNED
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ Ety/GAWA
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ Ety/TAN
ᴹ√MBAR > mar	[mbar] > [mar]	✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar(d)-	[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]	✧ EtyAC/MBAR
ᴹ√[?mbar] > mar(d-)	[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]	✧ EtyAC/SIL

Variations

• már ✧ PE19/036; PE22/108; PE22/108

marta

adverb. home

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Variations

• marta ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27

má

noun. land, region

Changes

• má → má “hand” ✧ PE21/41

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mā “land” ✧ PE21/38

Element in

• ᴹQ. ilduma “heaven” ✧ PE21/08; PE21/38

Variations

• mā ✧ PE21/08 (mā)
• mā- ✧ PE21/38 (mā-)
• má ✧ PE21/41; PE21/41 (má)

mál

noun. grit

A word in Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “grit” with various forms representing the inflections of nouns with lost ancient vowels: malǝ- (PE21/19, 24). It may be a later iteration of ᴱQ. mar (mard-) “grit, course grain or powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind” (QL/63). Later still Tolkien gave the primitive form ✶smalŭ with the gloss “dust, grit” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s, though this primitive form had no derivatives.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to use ᴹ✶smalu with its 1930s sense “pollen, yellow powder”, as this form has derivatives in The Etymologies (Ety/SMAL), and its root meaning ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” is a better match to the later root √MAL “yellow, gold”. I think it is possible to retain ᴹQ. mál “grit”, however, by assuming that it is a derivative of ᴹ√MBAL “✱pound”, which is a better match with 1910s ᴱQ. mar < ᴱ√MṚÐṚ “grind”.

Variations

• māl ✧ PE21/24

mar(dar)

adverb. homewards

An “old short allative” form appear in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with suffixal -r, with both monosyllabic mar and longer mardar (PE21/25, 27). Tolkien said the longer for mardar was “less usual” (PE21/27), but it is more distinct from már “home”. This allative variant is probably related to ᴹQ. tar “thither” < ᴹ✶tad from later in the 1930s (Ety/TA; PE19/52).

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mart “homewards” ✧ PE21/27
  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Variations

• mardar ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27
• mar ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

• hun ✧ PE21/19