aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)
Quenya
carnë
red
aira
red, copper-coloured, ruddy
carne (carni-)
adjective. red
nasar
red
nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)
Sindarin
caran
adjective. red
caran
red
_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras
caran
adjective. red
Cognates
- Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
Derivations
- ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10
Element in
- ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
- S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
- S.
caralluin“*red-blue”- S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
- S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
- S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
- S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
- S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
- S. Carnen “Redwater”
- ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶carani- > caran [karani] > [karane] > [karan] ✧ VT41/10
gaer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
ruin
adjective. (fiery) red
caran
red
1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also
caran
red
(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)
crann
ruddy
(lenited grann, pl. crain).
born
red
(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn
gaer
red, reddish
(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".
naru
red
(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).
coll
red
(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".
rhosc
red
(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also
Quendya
nasar
adjective. red
Primitive elvish
karani
adjective. red
Derivatives
Element in
- ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10
Variations
- karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
- karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
- carani- ✧ VT41/10
Noldorin
caran
adjective. red
caran
adjective. red
Changes
caran→ caran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁNCognates
- ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶karani > caran [karani] > [karane] > [karan] ✧ Ety/KARÁN ᴹ✶karani > cern [karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern] ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN Variations
- cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (
cern)- Caron ✧ RS/419
- caron ✧ RS/419
caron
adjective. red
naru
adjective. red
naru
adjective. red, [fiery] red
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru [narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru] ✧ Ety/NAR¹
narw
adjective. red
coll
adjective. (golden) red
goer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
karne
adjective. red
Cognates
- N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶karani > karne [karani] > [karane] > [karne] ✧ Ety/KARÁN ᴹ✶karani > karne [karani] > [karane] > [karne] ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN
Doriathrin
arn
adjective. red
A Doriathrin adjective meaning “red” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR), likely derived from a primitive form such as ✱✶yarna [jarna]. It is a good example of how [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]] in Ilkorin.
Derivations
- ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR
Element in
- Ilk. Aros ✧ Ety/YAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YAR > arn [jarna] > [arna] > [arn] > [arn] ✧ Ety/YAR
Middle Primitive Elvish
karan
root. red
This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic ṛ (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.
Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- KARÁN ✧ Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ
karani
adjective. red
Changes
kárāni→ karani ✧ Ety/KARÁNDerivations
- ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
Derivatives
Variations
- kárāni ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (
kárāni)
kuldā
adjective. red
Derivations
- ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
Derivatives
- N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
Variations
- guldā ✧ Ety/GUL (
guldā)
Early Noldorin
lhaur
adjective. red
Early Quenya
karne
adjective. red
Changes
karnea→ karnen ✧ PE16/065Cognates
Derivations
- ᴱ√KṚNṚ “*red” ✧ QL/048
Element in
- Eq. karneambar “robin, (lit.) red-breast” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. karmalin(da) “russet, orange-red” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. karnevaite úri kilde hísen níe nienaite “amid the red skies the Sun with wet eyes dropped tears of mist” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. karnevaite úri kilivande hísen nie nie nienaite “*red-skied the sun will gaze through a haze of tears” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. kuluvai ya karnevalinar “*of golden feathers and orange-red ones too” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. Makarnea “Red-handed”
- Eq. mirukarne “wine-red” ✧ QL/061; QL/061
- Eq. nu karne vaiya “under red skies” ✧ MC/214
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > karne [kṛniǝ] > [kṛni] > [kṛne] > [karne] ✧ QL/048 Variations
- karnea ✧ PE16/065 (
karnea)- Karne ✧ PE16/077
carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.