A hypothetical Sindarin name for Gondolin if it had developed from the same primitive form as its Quenya name Ondolindë (PE17/133), also appearing as Goen(g)lin (PE17/29).
Sindarin
lin
adjective. thy (reverential)
lín
pronoun. *thy
lín
adjective. thy (reverential)
lind
adjective. fair
lind
noun. song, chant, singing; singer, song, chant, singing, [N.] air, tune; [N. and S.] singer
linna-
verb. to sing
lind
noun. air, tune
linna-
verb. sing
linnathon
verb. I will sing, I will chant
linnon
verb. I sing
lîn
noun. pool, mere
lîn
noun. pool
gon(g)lin
place name. Singing Stone, Stone of Music
caro den i innas lin
thy will be done
The fourth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word caro is the imperative form of the verb car- “to do”. The third word is the definite article i “the”, followed by innas “will” and the possessive pronoun lin “your”, with the adjectival element following the noun as is usual in Sindarin.
The function of the word den in this phrase is unclear. Bill Welden suggested (VT44/25) that is a marker of the passive voice (“thy will be done” instead of “do thy will”), and is the lenited form of ten, either a 3rd-plural pronoun “they” (as in impersonal English phrases such as “they say ...”) or a neutral pronoun “it”. Since “they” appears as di (← ti) elsewhere in the prayer, I think the second possibility is more likely.
See the entry for the second line of this prayer for a discussion of the use of the definite article i before the possessed noun in this phrase.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> car-o den i innas lin = “✱do-(imperative) it the will yours”
aerlinn
noun. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song)
lín
thy
lín
lín
thy
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
linna
sing
(i linna, i linnar) (chant)
lîn
pool
lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
pool
(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
tolo i arnad lín
thy kingdom come
The third line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word tolo is the imperative form of the verb tol- “to come”. The second word is the definite article i “the”, followed by arnad “kingdom” and the possessive pronoun lín “your”, with the adjectival element following the noun as is usual in Sindarin.
See the entry for the second line of this prayer for a discussion of the use of the definite article i “the” before the possessed noun in this phrase.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> tol-o i arnad lín = “✱come-(imperative) the kingdom yours”
Conceptual Development: Tolkien first wrote aranarth for “kingdom” before replacing it with arnad. He also wrote lin (with short i) initially for lín, but this could have been a slip.
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
ael
pool
1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)
ael
pool
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
glir
sing
1) glir- (i **lîr, in glirir) (recite poem), 2) linna- (i linna, i linnar**) (chant)
glîr
song
1) glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also HYMN regarding the word aerlinn**.
glîr
song
(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
arwen
noun. noble woman
bain
fair
_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân
bess
noun. (young) woman
bess
noun. wife
bân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain
fael
adjective. fair minded, just, generous
gwain
adjective. fair
adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.
gwana
noun/adjective. fair
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gwân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, pale.
laer
noun. song, long lay
laer
noun. song
leweg
noun. snake
_ n. _snake.
lhûg
noun. snake, serpent
loeg
noun. pool
loeg
noun. pool
lîr
noun. song, poem, lay
lýg
noun. snake
_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.
lŷg
noun. snake
lŷg
noun. snake
The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
rim
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
romru
noun. sound of horns
rû
noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
bain
fair
bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
fair
(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
belen
adjective. expanded, unrolled, unfurled, set (of sails)
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
both
small pool
(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.
caw
top
caw (i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
caw
top
(i gaw, o chaw), pl. coe (i choe)
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
glir
sing
(i ’lîr, in glirir) (recite poem)
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
laew
many
laew (frequent); no distinct pl. form.
laew
many
(frequent); no distinct pl. form.
lammad
sound of voices
pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.
law
noun. sound
lhûn
making sound
lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb
loeg
pool
loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
loeg
pool
(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
lŷg
snake
1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid);
romru
sound of horns
pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;
A word for “pool” or “lake”, appearing as an element in the name Linaewen “Lake of Birds” (S/119; UT/401). As an independent word it is probably ✱lîn, and it is probably a derivative of the root √LIN of similar meaning (PE17/145, 160).
Conceptual Development: The earliest obvious precursor to this word is ᴱN. lhuin “pool” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as N. lhîn “pool”, a derivative of the root ᴹ√LIN “pool” and cognate to ᴹQ. linya (Ety/LIN¹). Remnants of the ancient y can be seen in its (lenited) class plural liniath in the name N. Hithliniath “Pools of Mist” (Ety/KHIS; LR/262). It cannot be a direct cognate of its Quenya form, however, at it has no signs of a-affection. Christopher Tolkien mentioned the name element lin “pool, mere” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/lin), though whether it was intended to be a primitive form or a Sindarin word isn’t clear.
Neo-Sindarin: I think it is best to simply adapt the Noldorin form into (Neo) Sindarin as lîn, perhaps derived from primitive ✱linyē and hence with class plural liniath.