hya

or

hya conj. "or" or noun "other thing" (VT49:14)

hya

conjunction. or

hya

pronoun. other thing

hyana

other

hyana adj. "other", cf. hya (VT49:14)

hyana

adjective. other, other, *another [a different one]

An adjective for “other” in notes from 1968 or later, derived from primitive ✶khyana (VT49/14).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use hyana for “other” and also “an other” or “another” in the sense “a different one”, as opposed to “another” = “one more” for which I would use enta (see below). For example: cennen hyana elda “I saw another elf [different from the one previously discussed]” vs. á anta enta “give me another [one more]”. Saying á anta hyana would mean “give me another [a different one]”.

Conceptual Development: A different note from the late 1960s had exa “other” based on the root √KES (VT47/40). This same note had enta “another: in sense one more (not except by implication ‘another different one’)”, so presumable exa “other” had the sense “another different one”. Notes on Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. aia(na) “other, different”, also meaning “alien, strange, any other” (PE23/105). It had quite a few rejected variants; see the discussion in the entry on the related pronoun ᴹQ. ai(a)na for discussion.

The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. nyanya “other (general)” with the additional gloss “alter”, which is Latin for “another, other (of many)” according to Carl Hostetter and Bill Welden (PE14/55 and PE14/56 note #97). The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s ᴱQ. vāra “other” under the early root ᴱ√VARA (QL/100).

epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen

consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations

Second phrase @@@

| |  I  | II |III|IV|  V  |VI|VII| |{tánen >> ta >> etta >>}|potai| |etta [>> potai]|epetai| |hyarmen|i hyarma| |láne|aune|láne|ú téna|>> ú ten| |“sinister”|ulca| | |{khe >> hela >>} hya úmara| | |{símasse >>}|símaryasse|símaryassen|

hela

or

hela conj. "or", apparently an ephemeral form, replaced by hya (VT49:14-15). The editor theorizes that hela literally meant "other than" (VT49:15)

tar-

verb. to stand

The root √TAR is translated “stand” in notes from around 1967 (PE17/186), and its past form tarne “stood” appears in a sentence from the same document: sanome tarne Olórin, Aracorno... “there stood Gandalf, Aragorn...” (PE17/71).

Conceptual Development: Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyā- “stand” (PE16/132). The Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 had a past form ᴹQ. tolle “stood” (PE22/117) and an inceptive verb ᴹQ. tolu- “stand up” (PE22/114) clearly based on ᴹ√TOL (Ety/TOL²), but later in the same document had ᴹQ. thar- “stand” based on the root ᴹ√THAR (PE22/126), probably a precursor to later tar- “stand” < √TAR.

var

or

var (1) conj. "or" (QL:100). In Tolkiens later Quenya, the word hya appears for "or". A phrase involving a double var…var may mean "either…or" in one early (untranslated) text, according to Christopher Gilsons interpretation (PE15:32, 39)

exa

other

exa adj.? "other" (apparently as adjective) (VT47:10, VT49:33). Also eces ("k"), unless this is intended as the stem underlying exa (the root KES with prefixed stem-vowel) rather than a Quenya word (VT49:33).

exa

adjective. other

ecar

conjunction. or

herca

conjunction. or

tyul-

verb. to stand

A neologism coined by Alex Grigny de Castro in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, based on the root ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight)”, along with an intransitive variant ᴺQ. tyulya- and a transitive form ᴺQ. tyulta- (inspired by ᴱQ. tyulta-) suggested by Helge Fauskanger. I’d stick to attested tar- instead for “stand (intr.)”, which was published in 2007.