A prefix (and sometimes suffix) meaning “high” as in Tarcil “High Man” or Tarmenel “High Heaven”. It is often used in reference to royalty and nobility, as in Tarumbar “King of the World” or Sorontar “Lord of Eagles”, as well as the names of Númenorean kings and queens. It is related to the adjective tára “high” based on the root √TĀ/TAƷ of similar meaning (Ety/TĀ).
Quenya
tar-
verb. to stand
tar-
affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)
tar-
stand
#tar- (3) vb. "stand", attested in the past tense: tarnë (PE17:71)
tar
adverb. thither
PQ. thither
tar
beyond
tar (2) prep. "beyond" (FS)
tar
thither
tar (1) adv. or technically pron. with old allative ending: "thither" (TA). This is ta #1 with the same allative ending -r (from primitive -da) as in mir "into". Compare tanna. According to VT49:11, tar may also appear in the logner form tara.
tar
noun. honorific, sir, madam
Tar-culu
gold
Tar-culu ("k"), name listed in the Etymologies but not elsewhere attested. The second element is apparently culu "gold" (a word Tolkien seems to have abandoned); Hostetter and Wynne suggest that this may be an alternative name of Tar-Calion (= Ar-Pharazôn "the Golden"); see VT45:24.
tar(a)
adverb. thither, thither; [ᴹQ.] beyond
An (archaic?) word for “thither” appearing in a list of demonstratives from 1968, a combination of primitive ✶ta with the ancient allative suffix ✶-da (VT49/11). The short form tar was mentioned a few times in Tolkien’s earlier writings (PE19/104; Ety/TA). In one phrase from the 1930s, tar was used in the sense “beyond”: enyáre __tar__ i tyel, íre Anarinya qeluva “in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth” (LR/72).
-tar
king
-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.
-tar
suffix. honorific
tara
thither
tara adv. "thither"; see tar #1.
tár
king
tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.
termar-
verb. stand
termar- vb. "stand" meaning last (ter-mar- "through-abide"); future tense termaruva in CO.
Tar-Míriel
Tar-Míriel
Tar-Telperiën
Tar-Telperiën
Tar-Telperiën's name is in Quenya. It is difficult to translate exactly; it appears to be a feminization of Telperion, one of the Two Trees of Valinor. Alternatively, her name could mean "Silver One" (from tyelpë 'silver' and -iën, a feminine ending). Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal titles in Quenya, Telperiën added the suffix tar- ('high') to her name when she received the Sceptre.
tar-aldarion
Tar-Aldarion
Tar-Aldarion's royal name signifies "Son of the trees" (alda + -ion) because he was a noted tree steward and forester — trees were essential to the construction of his fleets, but he took great care to replenish what was being felled.
tar-elendil
Tar-Elendil
Elendil means "Friend of the Elves" in Quenya (from elen "star, Elf" and -ndil "friend, lover, devoted to"). Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Elendil added the prefix tar- ("high") to his name when he received the Scepter. Tar-Elendil's Adûnaic name was "Ar-Nimruzîr" although it is not mentioned by Tolkien.
tar-meneldur
Tar-Meneldur
All of Tar-Meneldur's names were in Quenya. Meneldur means "Servant of the Heavens" (from Quenya menel "the Heavens" and -ndur "servant"); Írimon took this name because of his love for stargazing. Írimon itself means "Beautiful Man" (from írima "beautiful" and -on, a masculine suffix). Elentirmo is another name that referred to his interest in the Heavens; it signifies "Star Watcher" (from elen "star", tir "watch", and -mo, a masculine agentive suffix). Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Meneldur added the prefix tar- ("high") to his title when he received the Sceptre.
tar-amandil
Tar-Amandil
Amandil means "Devoted to Aman" in Quenya (from -ndil "friend, lover, devoted to"). Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Amandil added the prefix tar- ("high") to his name when he received the Sceptre. In Sauron Defeated, the name of Elendil's father, Amandil, is listed as Aphanuzîr, therefore his Adûnaic name was Ar-Aphanuzîr.
tar-ancalimë
Tar-Ancalimë
Ancalimë (pron. [aŋˈkalime]) is a Quenya name meaning "Radiance" or "Most bright".[source?] See also Tar-.
Tar-Ardamin
Tar-Ardamin
tar-ciryatan
Tar-Ciryatan
Eärendur (son of Tar-Amandil)
Eärendur (son of Tar-Amandil)
míriel
feminine name. *Jewel-daughter
This name was given to two different women in Tolkien’s legendarium. First, it was the name of the first wife of Finwë, the mother of Fëanor (S/63). She was the first Elf to die a non-violent death, for which she was also called Fíriel “She that Sighed, She that Died” (MR/250). The second woman, Tar-Míriel, was the Quenya name of the queen of Númenor, also known as Ad. Ar-Zimraphel (S/269, UT/224). The first element of this name is almost certainly mírë “jewel”. The second element is the suffix -iel, which either means “-daughter” or is a general feminine suffix.
Conceptual Development: The first name given to the last queen of Númenor was ᴹQ. Istar >> Tar-Ilien (LR/27).
mairon
masculine name. Admirable
The original name of Sauron before his corruption by Melkor (PE17/183). Even after his corruption, he still called himself Mairon or Tar-Mairon sometimes, at least until he lost his beautiful form after the fall of Númenor (PE17/183). This name seems to be a masculinized form of the adjective maira “admirable”.
taniquetil
place name. High White Peak
Tallest mountain in the world, where Manwë and Varda made their home (S/26). The name was adapted from its Valarin name of unknown meaning (PE17/168, 186), perhaps Val. Dahanigwishtilgūn (WJ/417). The Valarin name was altered to give it meaning as Quenya word. In Ancient Quenya, the name became ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilde “High White Peak” (PE17/186). Taniquetil was thereafter interpreted as a compound of tar- (ta-) “high”, ninquë “white” (or niquë “cold, snow”) and tildë “point”, once its true origin was obscured.
Conceptual Development: This name dates back to the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/58), and ᴱQ. Taniqetil “Lofty Snowcap” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon where it was a compound of ᴱQ. tá “high” and ᴱQ. niqetil “snow cap” (QL/66, 86; LT1A/Taniquetil). ᴹQ. Taniqetil “High White Horn” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a compound of ᴹ✶tāna “✱high” (Ety/TĀ), ᴹQ. ninqe “white” (Ety/NIK-W) and ᴹQ. tilde “horn” (Ety/TIL). The concept of the Valarin origin of this name did not emerge until the 1950-60s (PE17/168, 186; WJ/416-7).
In The Etymologies, Tolkien indicated that its (ᴹQ) genitive form was Taniqetilden (Ety/TIL, EtyAC/TIL), so that its stem form would be Taniqetild-, which was also its stem form in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/87). In the 1950s, Tolkien gave its ancient form as ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilde (PE17/186), further supporting a stem-form of Taniquetild-.
tarmenel
place name. High Heaven
A term for the “true firmament” where the stars dwelled. It is a compound of tar- “high” and menel “heaven” (properly, “the heavens”).
Conceptual Development: The name ᴹQ. Tarmenel first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s within Bilbo’s poem at Rivendell (TI/97). This name was retained in the published version of this poem (LotR/235) making it canonical, but its exact cosmological significance is unclear. In Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings, he described Tarmenel as the “Region of the Wind” (RC/216).
In one version of Tolkien’s cosmology from the mid-50s, the Tarmenel was distinct from the Nur-menel “✱Under Heaven” (“lesser firmament”) that Varda created as a barrier over Valinor against the depredations of Melkor (MR/388). The idea of a lower heaven (and the terms Tarmenel and Nurmenel) did not survive into the published version of The Silmarillion, but that book did describe the Ilmen, region of the stars through which the Sun and Moon travelled (S/99), which seems conceptually similar to Tarmenel.
In the incomplete Alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun prayer from the 1960s (translating the first two lines of Gloria in Excelsis Deo into Quenya), Tolkien used the term Tarmenel to refer to the Christian Heaven, though elsewhere he used the name Eruman for “Heaven”.
tar calimos
place name. *Royal Bright City
tyul-
verb. to stand
A neologism coined by Alex Grigny de Castro in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, based on the root ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight)”, along with an intransitive variant ᴺQ. tyulya- and a transitive form ᴺQ. tyulta- (inspired by ᴱQ. tyulta-) suggested by Helge Fauskanger. I’d stick to attested tar- instead for “stand (intr.)”, which was published in 2007.
aran
king
aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.
aran
noun. king
arata
high, lofty, noble
arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)
carilye tar
you do, sir
ciryalya tar
your ship, sir
culo
gold
[culo, culu ("k")noun "gold" (substance)] (KUL, VT49:47; the word culu_ also occurred in early "Qenya" [LT1:258], but in the Etymologies it was struck out; the regular Quenya word for "gold" is apparently _malta. In another version, culo meant "flame" [VT45:24], but this is apparently also a word Tolkien abandoned.)
halda
adjective. high, tall
han
beyond
han prep. "beyond" (compare the _postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)_
han
preposition. beyond
A word for “beyond” in the final version of the Átaremma prayer of the 1950s in the phrase Átaremma i ëa han Eä, equivalent to “our Father who art in Heaven” but more literally “✱who is beyond Creation” (VT43/12). This word also appeared with the gloss “beyond” in notes from around 1970 as a derivative of √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, honour (espec. by gift)” (VT43/14).
haran
king, chieftain
haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)
laurë
gold
†laurë noun "gold", but of golden light and colour, not of the metal: "golden light" (according to PE17:61 a poetic word). Nai laurë lantuva parmastanna lúmissen tengwiesto "may (a) golden light fall on your book at the times of your reading" (VT49:47). In Etym defined as "light of the golden Tree Laurelin, gold", not properly used of the metal gold (LÁWAR/GLÁWAR, GLAW(-R), VT27:20, 27, PE17:159). In early "Qenya", however, laurë was defined as "(the mystic name of) gold" (LT1:255, 258) or simply "gold" (LT1:248, 268). In Laurelin and Laurefindil, q.v., Laurenandë "Gold-valley" = Lórien (the land, not the Vala) (UT:253) and laurinquë name of a tree, possibly *"Gold-full one" (UT:168). Laurendon "like gold" or "in gold fashion" (but after citing this form, Tolkien decided to abandon the similative ending -ndon, PE17:58).
malta
gold
malta noun "gold", also name of tengwa #18 (Appendix E). The Etymologies (entry SMAL) instead has malda, q.v. for discussion, but according to VT46:14, the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Also compare the root MALAT listed in PM:366.
pella
beyond
pella "beyond", apparently a postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) In one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used pell' (evidently an elided form of pella) as a _preposition, but this version was abandoned (VT43:13)_
tamen
thither
tamen adv. "thither" (VT49:33). Compare simen.
tamen
adverb. thither
tande
thither
tande adv. "thither" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")
tanna
thither
tanna (2) pron. in allative "thither" (VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta #2: "to that [place]"). Compare tar and locative tassë.
tanna
adverb. thither
A word for “thither” appearing in the Nieninquë poem of the 1950s (PE16/96), a combination of ta “that” and the allative suffix -nna. Similarly formed ᴹQ. tanna appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112). ᴹQ. tanna was also used for “thither” in the Koivienéni sentence from the 1930s.
Conceptual Development: In the version of the Nieninqe poem from around 1930, Tolkien used ᴱQ. tande for “thither” (MC/215), with allative suffix -nde that appeared in early 1930s (PE21/52).
taran
king
taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)
tarya
tough, stiff
tarya adj. "tough, stiff" (TÁRAG)
tá
high
tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)
tána
high, lofty, noble
tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.
túr
king
túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)
vardar
king
vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)
arata
high, lofty, noble
arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)
eldatár
`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king
The root √TAR is translated “stand” in notes from around 1967 (PE17/186), and its past form tarne “stood” appears in a sentence from the same document: sanome tarne Olórin, Aracorno... “there stood Gandalf, Aragorn...” (PE17/71).
Conceptual Development: Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyā- “stand” (PE16/132). The Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 had a past form ᴹQ. tolle “stood” (PE22/117) and an inceptive verb ᴹQ. tolu- “stand up” (PE22/114) clearly based on ᴹ√TOL (Ety/TOL²), but later in the same document had ᴹQ. thar- “stand” based on the root ᴹ√THAR (PE22/126), probably a precursor to later tar- “stand” < √TAR.