hwinda

adjective. mad, crazy

Elements

Word	Gloss
hwinde	“eddy, whirlpool”

mat-

verb. to eat

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (VT39/7).

Conceptual Development: This verb and root are quite well established, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. mat- and ᴱ√MATA of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/59) and appearing as ᴹQ. mat- and ᴹ√MAT in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MAT), as well as numerous other places albeit with occasional variants like mata- (PE12/26). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Quenya verb system itself.

Cognates

• S. mad- “to eat”
• T. mat- “to eat”

Derivations

• ✶mat- “to eat” ✧ PE22/132; PE22/157
  • √MAT “eat”
• √MAT “eat” ✧ VT39/07

Element in

• ᴺQ. accamátala “over-eating”
• ᴺQ. accamatië “over-eating”
• ᴺQ. avamat- “to fast, (lit.) refuse to eat”
• Q. en i matinye “I shall eat then soon” ✧ PE22/131
• Q. lamate “fasting, a fast”
• Q. mátima “edible”
• ᴺQ. matimar “restaurant, (lit.) eating hall”
• ᴺQ. matina “eaten”
• Q. -matya “-eating”
• Q. umbestë matë “he was going to eat” ✧ PE22/132
• Q. vá matuvatyë mastanya “you are not to eat my bread, you shan’t eat my bread” ✧ PE22/162

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mat-ubā-ni/njē > matuvanye	[matubānjē] > [matuβānjē] > [matuβanjē] > [matuβanje] > [matuvanje]	✧ PE22/132
√MATA > mante	[mante]	✧ VT39/07

mat-

eat

mat- (1) vb. "eat" (MAT, VT45:32), also given as mata- (VT39:5), pa.t. mantë "ate" (VT39:7). The form matumnë is said to be future-past: "was going to eat", with the "OQ" (Old Quenya?) future-past element umnë (VT48:32; possibly this could function independently as a form of the verb "to be", hence "was to be"). It is not clear if the form matumnë is itself "Old Quenya" as if this is an archaic future-past formation, or it is just umnë (as an independent word) that is archaic. (Note: Tolkien's translation of matumnë is actually "I was going to eat", but the pronoun "I" does not seem to be expressed in the Quenya form.) Adj. or pseudo-participle #matya "eating" in melumatya "honey-eating" (PE17:68)

mat-

verb. eat

vare

verb. err, stray

mad-

verb. to eat

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (PE17/131; Ety/MAT). In Tolkien’s later writing it appears only in inflected forms, but the verb itself is well established, dating back all the way to G. mad- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Sindarin verb system.

Cognates

• Q. mat- “to eat”
• T. mat- “to eat”

Derivations

• ✶mat- “to eat” ✧ PE17/131; PE17/131
  • √MAT “eat”

Element in

• ᴺS. madui “edible”
• S. madweg “gluttonous”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mantinā > manthen > mannen	[mantinā] > [mantina] > [mantʰina] > [manθina] > [manθena] > [manθen] > [mannen]	✧ PE17/131
✶matina > maden	[matina] > [matena] > [maten] > [maden]	✧ PE17/131

mad

eat

mad- (i vâd, i medir). HONEY-EATER, see BEAR

mad

eat

(i vâd, i medir).

hwiniol

mad

(see VT46:16 for this gloss) hwiniol (fantastic, giddy; literally this is the participle ”whirling”), lenited chwiniol. It is unclear whether Sindarin participles have any distinct plural forms.

hwiniol

mad

(fantastic, giddy; literally this is the participle ”whirling”), lenited chwiniol. It is unclear whether Sindarin participles have any distinct plural forms.

hwiniol

adjective. whirling, giddy, mad, fantastic

hwiniol

whirling

(participle) hwiniol (giddy, fantastic, mad), lenited chwiniol. It is unclear whether Sindarin participles have any distinct plural forms.

hwiniol

noun. whirling, giddy, fantastic

rúthui

7~M3hJ adjective. angry, wrathful

Combination of ‘rûth’ (anger) and -ui (-full/having that quality)

mat-

verb. to eat

Cognates

• Q. mat- “to eat”
• S. mad- “to eat”

Derivations

• ✶mat- “to eat”
  • √MAT “eat”

mat

root. eat

This was the root for eating words for all of Tolkien’s life, appearing very regularly. It was ᴱ√MATA “eat” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/59), ᴹ√MAT “eat” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MAT), and √MAT “eat” in etymological notes from the late 1960s (VT48/26), among its many other appearances. This puts it among the most conceptually stable of Elvish roots.

Derivatives

• ✶ammat- “to devour, eat up” ✧ PE18/085; PE18/088
• ✶amtā ✧ PE18/085; PE18/087
  • Q. anta “jaw” ✧ PE18/085
• ✶mammata- “to gobble up, devour” ✧ PE22/136
  • Q. mammata- “to gobble up; to go on eating, gorge oneself, to gorge (oneself), gobble up, [ᴹQ.] devour; [Q.] (lit.) to go on eating”
• ✶masta- “to feed up, fatten” ✧ PE18/095
  • ᴺS. masta- “to [put to] feed, graze”
• ✶mat- “to eat”
  • Q. mat- “to eat” ✧ PE22/132; PE22/157
  • S. mad- “to eat” ✧ PE17/131; PE17/131
  • T. mat- “to eat”
• ✶matwā
  • S. maud “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/148
• ✶matyā- “to feed”
  • ᴺQ. matya- “to feed”
  • ᴺS. media- “to feed”
• ✶maita- “to feed” ✧ PE18/095
• Q. anto “mouth, mouth [as a thing for eating]; [ᴱQ.] jaw”
• Q. maita “hungry” ✧ VT39/11
• Q. mat- “to eat” ✧ VT39/07
• ᴺS. mâd “meal”
• ᴺS. mast “fodder, feed, food, nourishment”
• ᴺS. math “food”

Element in

• ᴺ✶. womātē “*community, (lit.) eating-together”

Variations

• mata ✧ VT39/05
• MATA ✧ VT39/07

mat-

verb. to eat

Derivations

• √MAT “eat”

Derivatives

• Q. mat- “to eat” ✧ PE22/132; PE22/157
• S. mad- “to eat” ✧ PE17/131; PE17/131
• T. mat- “to eat”

Element in

• ✶aumata- “to eat away, corrode” ✧ PE22/136
• ✶matnā “eaten, eaten, [ᴹ✶] food”
• ✶matulā “edacious”
• ✶matˢtimā “edible”

Variations

• mata ✧ VT39/09

mad-

verb. to eat

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mat- “to eat” ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT
• ᴹT. mat- “to eat”

Derivations

• ᴹ√MAT “eat” ✧ Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT

Element in

• N. megli “bear, (lit.) honey-eater”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MAT > medi	[mat-] > [mad-]	✧ Ety/MAT
ᴹ√MAT > mad-	[mat-] > [mad-]	✧ EtyAC/MAT

mad-

verb. to eat

chwiniol

adjective. whirling, giddy, mad, fantastic

A word appearing N. chwiniol “whirling, giddy, mad, fantastic” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an adjectival form of N. chwinia- “twirl, whirl, eddy” (Ety/SWIN; EtyAC/SWIN). The gloss “mad” was missing from The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/388) but was noted by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/16).

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapted this word as ᴺS. hwiniol “whirling, giddy, mad, fantastic” since ancient initial sw became hw in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s rather than chw as it did in Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s.

chwiniol

noun. whirling, giddy, fantastic