na

preposition. of (the)

narthseg

masculine name. Narthseg

nauglafel

adjective. mean, avaricious, (lit.) dwarf-natured

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s meaning “mean, avaricious”, more literally “dwarf-natured” as a combination of G. naugla “of dwarves” and G. fel “like” (GL/59). Tolkien also gave it the Greek gloss αίσχροκέρδος, or “shameful desire of gain” according to the editors.

nag-

verb. to chew, gnaw

naur

noun. a snarl, ugly grin

nast

noun. being (abstract); being (creature)

A noun appearing as G. nast in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “1) being, abstract; 2) being, creature” (GL/59), a noun form of G. na- “is” (GL/58) based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √NĀ “be” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain the noun ᴺS. nast “being”, used for both “a creature” and “the state of existence”.

nal

noun. dale, vale

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dale, vale”, most likely a derivative of the root ᴱ√NḶĐḶ as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/59; LT1A/Murmenalda).

nalos

noun. sinking, setting, descent, slope

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sinking, setting, descent, a slope”, apparently a noun based on G. nal “down(wards)” (GL/59).

nandor

noun. farmer

A noun appearing as G. nandor “farmer” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. nand “field acre”, with an unglossed form nanweg written below it which might be a variant with the same meaning (GL/59).

naugladur

masculine name. Lord of the Dwarves

Dwarvish lord of Nogrod. It is a probably a combination of adjective naugla “of dwarves” and the lenited form of tûr “king”, as suggested by Parmandil.

nab-

verb. to take, lay hold of

A verb appearing as G. nab- “take, lay hold of” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/59), apparently derived from the early root ᴱ√NAPA which was a variant of ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (QL/59, 64). Its past form nôbi appeared in the untranslated phrase G. nôbi i·mab ’len suila ontha from the contemporaneous Gnomish Grammar, apparently “✱he took the slender hand of his daughter” (GG/11).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √NAP appears in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “grasp, seize quickly” (VT47/20), “take hold” (VT47/27), and “take, pick up” (VT47/28), I would retain ᴺS. nab- “to take, lay hold of” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

nabos

noun. seizure

A noun appearing as G. nabos “seizure” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a noun form of G. nab- “take, lay hold of”; compare also G. naptha- “seize” (GL/59). It was followed by an oth in parenthesis, probably indicating an alternate form or [nab]oth.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. nab- “take, lay hold of” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this noun as ᴺS. nabas “seizure” = “✱act of taking”.

nanc

noun. bite

A noun appearing as G. nanc “a bite” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/59), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NAKA “bite” (QL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√NAK “bite” appeared in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain the noun ᴺS. nanc “bite” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

naptha-

verb. to seize

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “seize” (GL/59), apparently derived from the early root ᴱ√NAPA which was a variant of ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (QL/59, 64).

narcos

noun. rot, decay

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s translated “rot, decay” (GL/59), probably based on the early root ᴱ√NṚQṚ “to wither, fade, shrivel” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/68).

narp

adjective. rotten, decayed, corrupt; overripe

An adjective in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s translated “rotten, decayed, corrupt; overripe” (GL/59), probably based on the early root ᴱ√NṚQṚ “to wither, fade, shrivel” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/68).

naud

adjective. bowed, bent; ashamed, abashed, bashful

An adjective in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bowed, bent” and also meaning “ashamed, abashed, bashful” (GL/59). It might be based on G. nud- “incline head, bend face down”.

nacthanaith

noun. incisor (tooth)

A noun appearing as G. nacthanaith “incisor (tooth)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. nactha- “bite” and G. naith “tooth” (GL/41).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this as ᴺS. nagnel “incisor” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, using the later word [N.] nêl for “tooth”, and with the initial element [N.] nag- “bite”.

nathanwi

noun. fatherhood

A word for “fatherhood” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s replacing rejected {athonri}, an elaboration of G. {athon >>} nathon “father” (GL/17, 59).

nand

noun. field acre

nauglafring

proper name. Necklace of the Dwarves

naugli

noun. dwarf

na-

verb. to be

nad

noun. *thing

nath

noun. thing, affair, matter

naus

noun/adjective. keen-witted, observant; notice

naitha-

verb. to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for

nal

adverb. down, downwards

nalos·aura

proper name. Sunset

nandir

proper name. fay of the country

nan dumgorthin

place name. Land of the Dark Idols

nan tathrin

place name. Land of Willows

naug

noun. dwarf

naugla

adjective. of or belonging to the dwarves

nauglath

collective name. Dwarves

nactha-

verb. bite

naf-

verb. to suspect, have inkling of

nafa

noun. suspicion, inkling

nafra-

verb. to nose about in others’ business

naith

noun. tooth

nandri

noun. the country (as opposed to town)

narcolas

noun. the fall of the leaf, Autumn

narth

noun. odour

narthiel

noun. fragrance

narthol

adjective. fragrant, odorous

nathon

noun. father

naudra-

verb. to abash, to make ashamed

naur

adjective. ill-tempered, sour, grumbling

nautha-

verb. to hint at, give a hint to

naithol

adjective. miserable

naboth

noun. seizure

nafol

adjective. suspicious (subjective)

naithonwi

noun. misery

nalairin

noun. iris

naldron

adjective. lower down

naltha

adjective. downward, lower, lower-down; (av.) below, beneath

nam-

verb. withdraw, draw out, draw back, take back; (intr.) withdraw, retire

nan

preposition. of

nandriol

adjective. rustic, rural

nann

noun. field acre

nanweg

noun. *farmer

nanwin

noun. mother

nathrin

adjective. real; possible (in sense possible to exist or think of)

nauin

adjective. dwarf

raina-

verb. to return

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as raina- “return” or rinta- (GL/64), probably based on the early root ᴱ√RINI having to do with circles (QL/80).

dana nosteg

birthday

fring na nauglithon

proper name. Necklace of the Dwarves

fingli

noun. narrow place, straits, sound, pass in mountains

@@@ for “strait” using something from NAKH?

-iel

suffix. name suffix

dautha

adjective. naked, stripped

em

adjective. named, called by name

enn

noun. name

falon

adjective. naked

fing

adjective. narrow

hulc

adjective. naked

enweg

noun. name sake

falin

adjective. naked

gweithiad

noun. nation, folk

nôs

noun. birthday; nature

A word appearing as G. {noss >>} nôs “birthday” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NŌ “become, be born” (QL/66). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Grammar it appeared with the gloss “nature” in phrases like nôs mora “good by nature” (GG/10).

Neo-Sindarin: The usual Neo-Sindarin word for “birthday” is ᴺS. oronnad, a combination of aur “day” and [ᴺS.] onnad “birth”. The word has been floating around for long enough that I have no idea where it originated, but I first learned of it from Fiona Jallings’s Sindarin word lists.

gôm

noun. shout, call; name, nickname

embrin

adjective. by name, named

entha-

verb. to name, call, indicate, point out

fecthi

adjective. less bad; baddish, naughty

aur(a)

noun. Sun

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as Aur “Sun” (GL/20), probably a cognate of ᴱQ. Ûr from the root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). It appeared as aura in G. nalos·aura “sunset” and G. orosaura “sunrise” (GL/59, 62). The word G. aur “sun” was also mentioned in Gnomish Lexicon Slips with corrections for that document (PE13/114), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. aur meant “day”, whereas N. Anor became the name of the Sun (Ety/ANÁR, AR¹).

cantha

noun. flame

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “flame” (GL/25), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KṆŘṆ [KṆÐṆ] “shine” (QL/47).

clochiol

adjective. stone

An adjective for “stone” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as an element in G. gôf·clochiol “stone-fruit” (GL/40), derived from G. cloch “a stone” (GL/26).

cwam

adjective. ill

A word glossed {“sick, unwell” >>} “ill” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28). In an earlier but deleted version of the entry it was connected to adjective ᴱQ. qamba, and hence it was based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

gwaidhin

noun. web

A word for “web” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√gu̯iđ and related to G. gwidh- “weave” (GL/46). It had a deleted variant gwaith².

hŷr

noun. sun

A word appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s as {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” beside a variant G. aur of the same meaning (PE13/114).

ior

noun. eagle

An archaic word for “eagle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to ᴱQ. ea(r) of the same meaning (GL/51), though the exact correspondence (and sound changes) are not clear.

ioroth

noun. eagle

A word for “eagle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of archaic G. †ior “eagle” of the same meaning (GL/51).

mais

noun. gore

An archaic noun for “gore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶meχse via the vocalization of the spirant χ before s: eχ > ei > ai (GL/56). It is clearly related to the early root ᴱ√MEHE “ooze‽” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon that was likewise the basis for “gore” words (QL/60).

mal-

verb. to chew

A verb appearing as G. mal- “to chew” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56), perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “crush” (QL/58).

Neo-Sindarin: The root became ᴹ√MBAL in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MBAL), whose Sindarin derivatives would start with bal- conflicting with later forms like S. bal- “✱to have [divine] power” (PE17/131). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would use ᴺS. nadh- “to chew, gnaw” from ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw” (Ety/NYAD).

mechor

noun. gore

A noun appearing as G. mechor “gore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56), clearly related to the early root ᴱ√MEHE “ooze‽” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon that was likewise the basis for “gore” words (QL/60).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word as ᴺS. mechor “gore” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√MEKH of similar meaning, from primitive ✱mekhār or ✱mekhrē.

nig-

verb. to steal, creep, do or go by stealth

A verb for “steal, creep, do or go by stealth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with past form naigi (GL/60), probably based on the early root ᴱ√NAQA “steal, take; get by stealth, unlawfully” or a variant thereof (QL/64).

nâla

noun. yellow-lily

A noun appearing as G. nâla “yellow-lily” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶nalda (GL/59).

Neo-Sindarin: Since there are no later “lily” words in Sindarin, I would retain ᴺS. nala “(yellow) lily” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, perhaps with an updated etymology based on ✱nalga.

past

noun. skin

A word for “skin” appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s under G. path “peel, skin, bark” with pl. padhin (GL/63), hence probably related to ᴱQ. parma “skin, bark; parchment; book” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√PARA [✱PAÐA] (QL/72).

tumli

noun. dale

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a dale” (GL/72), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√TUM(B)U as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tombo; QL/95).

tustarol

adjective. inflammable

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “inflammable”, an adjectival form of G. tusta- “inflame” (GL/72).

urc

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/75), likely related to ᴱQ. ulku “wolf” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon derived from the early root ᴱ√ULUKU (QL/97). In the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien gave the Gnomish form as ulug, but in the Gnomish Lexicon the gloss of G. ulug was changed {“wolf” >>} “dragon” (GL/74).

bâb

noun. father

A word for “father” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/111). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s itself, G. babi or baba was “mummy, mamma” (GL/21, 57). As pointed out by Gilson, Welden, Hostetter and Wynne, there is a complementary change of {nân “father” >>} G. nân “mother” elsewhere in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/115).

cith

noun. affair, matter, thing

A word appearing as G. cith “affair, matter, thing” in the Gnomish Lexicon, an elaboration of G. cî “here” (GL/26), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√KI “this by me” (QL/46). Cith was originally glossed “hither”, but this gloss was deleted and elsewhere G. sith has glossed “hither” derived from a newer root ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” (GL/68).

Neo-Sindarin: Given the alteration of the root, I would adapt this early word as ᴺS. sith “affair, matter”, as opposed to [N.] nad “thing”. Compare also the later Quenya word tama “that matter” based on a different demonstrative.

dâd

noun. grandfather

A noun for “grandfather” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variants G. dâd and nâd, the latter related to G. nathon “father” (GL/29, 59).

Neo-Sindarin: As we have no other attested alternatives, I would use ᴺS. dâd for “grandfather” in Neo-Sindarin, but would avoid nâd since in later writings Tolkien use naneth for “mother” (Ety/NAN).

galtha-

verb. to kindle

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as {galta- >>} galtha- “kindle”, apparently a transitive or causative variant of G. gal- “shine (golden)” (GL/37).

gobli

noun. dell

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dell” (GL/40), an elaboration on G. gob “hollow of hand” so perhaps originally meaning “✱hollowness”.

gogail

noun. mouth

A noun appearing as G. gogel “mouth” in The Gnomish Grammar (GG/8) and as {gogel >} gogíl or gogail “mouth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/40). In the latter document, Tolkien said it was a combination of G. go- “together” and G. cail “lip”, from more archaic forms gwa-caíl, gwa-cil. An unrelated word G. mem “mouth” also appeared in Gnomish Lexicon (GL/57), perhaps related to G. beg “chin” which Tolkien connected to ᴱQ. pé “(closed) mouth” = “the two lips” (GL/57; QL/72).

Neo-Sindarin: I’ve used these Gnomish words as the inspiration for a neologism ᴺS. gobem “mouth”, based on the (neologism) ᴺS. pemp “lip”, where the reduction of -mp to -m finally is an irregular assimilation to the preceding voiced b: -mp > -mb > -m.

masgar

noun. pasture

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pasture” (GL/56), perhaps a combination of G. mast “feed” and G. gar “place”.

tuvrin

adjective. acceptable

An adjective appearing as G. tuvrin “acceptable” in the Gnomish Lexicon based on G. tû- “get, receive, take”, followed by -riol indicated a variant form [tuv]riol (GL/71).

-ra

suffix. adjective suffix

ranuin

masculine name. Month

a(n)

preposition. of

damroth

proper name. Damroth

golda

noun. Gnome, wise one

dor-tathrin

place name. Land of Willows

nîn

noun. tear

(n)ada

noun. daddy, father

(n)gôl

noun. slaughter

A noun appearing as (n)gôl “slaughter” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/41). Its etymology is unclear.

-(i)ol

suffix. adjective suffix

-(r)in

suffix. adjective suffix

-a

suffix. genitive suffix

-n

suffix. genitive suffix

-r(i)ol

suffix. adjective suffix

-wed

suffix. adjective suffix

a

preposition. from

a-

prefix. ?

abair

noun. victory

ador

noun. father

aith

noun. thorn

amil

noun. mother

auba

noun. shout

bannoth

place name. Mandos

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

crictha-

verb. to bend

crisc

adjective. sharp

cub

adjective. hollow

culu

noun. gold

cweloth

noun. fading

cwist

noun. secret

dala-

verb. to sing or ring

dolc

adjective. deep

drith-

verb. it smells, smacks of, savours of

dôn

?. [unglossed]

dûl

adjective. hollow

eg

noun. point

engan

noun. spear

faig

adjective. cruel

falathron

masculine name. Ossë

falmon

masculine name. Ossë

falt

adjective. bare

flig-

verb. to hew

fost

noun. odour

gag

noun. jaw

gail

noun. star

gaista-

verb. to oppress, cause great grief to

gam

noun. shout

ganos

noun. youth

glôr

noun. gold

gwaith

noun. people

gwilthi

noun. peace

gwioth

noun. youth

harog

noun. wolf

hathwalin

place name. Hathwalin

hîl

noun. frost

idhru

place name. the world

im

pronoun. I

luim

adjective. blue

mab(a)

noun. mother

man

masculine name. Man

mem

noun. mouth

necha

noun. woe

neglis

noun. honey

nunta-

verb. to assent

nunthi

adverb. downward

nur-

verb. to growl, grumble

nus-

verb. to take notice, perceive

nân

noun. mother

nîr

noun. woman

nôl

noun. head

odrum

noun. hammer

pad

noun. [unglossed]

paib

adjective. sour

pelectha-

verb. to hew

pigwa

adjective. bitter

rothrin

adjective. hollow

rui

noun. whisper

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

sâ

noun. fire

tathn

noun. number

telu

noun. end

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thorn

noun. eagle

thred

noun. knot

tigla-

verb. to prick

A verb glossed “to prick” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/70).

tum

noun. hollow

tûm

noun. valley

um

pronoun. we

uril

proper name. Sun

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

-thol Reconstructed

suffix. adjective suffix

to

proper name. To

ranoth

noun. month

a

preposition. of

ada

noun. daddy

adi

noun. daddy

adrum

noun. hammer

aitha-

verb. to prick, sting

amaith

noun. mother

aura-nûmin

proper name. Sunset

colw

adjective. black

cwithri

noun. whisper

fî

noun. [unglossed]

galaduir

proper name. Sun

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

glamog

adjective. loathsome

gogel

noun. mouth

gogìl

noun. mouth

gold

noun. Gnome

goldrin

adjective. Gnome

goltha

noun. Gnome

gond

noun. stone

gul

noun. Gnome

gweith

noun. people

gwesol

adjective. affable

harw

noun. wolf

heloth

noun. frost

le

preposition. and

lemfarilt

noun. ring

luin

adjective. blue

mabir

noun. mother

maiwest

noun. welcome

maiwethrin

adjective. welcome

mugwen

adjective. secret

nien(n)

noun. tear

noss

noun. birthday

nâd

noun. grandfather

nân

noun. *thing

nôf

noun. suspicion, inkling

o

preposition. from

ongos

noun. anguish

pigwed

adjective. bitter

praust

noun. [unglossed]

pridwir

noun. judge

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

redhos

noun. land

rinta-

verb. to return

rô

noun. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

thancol

adjective. loathsome

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thug

noun. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tuvriol

adjective. acceptable

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

ulug

noun. wolf

umeg

?. [unglossed]

umin

pronoun. we

ungathos

noun. eighteen

unthos

noun. eighteen