na

preposition. with, by; of

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

na

preposition. to, towards, at

narch

place name. Narch

According to Christopher Tolkien, this was the initial name of the valley of Udûn in Mordor (SD/34), also appearing as Narch Udûn (WR/438). This name seems to have the same word narch seen in Narchost (the second of the Towers of the Teeth), but it isn’t clear whether J.R.R. Tolkien intended these names to be related.

nargil

place name. Nargil

A pass through the mountains south of Mordor in the draft maps for The Lord of the Rings (TI/309-310). This pass did not appear in the final maps for The Lord of the Rings. The meaning of the name is unclear, though Roman Rausch suggested several possibilities (EE/2.52).

Conceptual Development: ᴱN. Nargil was used as the name of a dirk in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, replacing the name Loruin (LB/45, 49).

nargos

place name. Nargos

Name of a tower near Cirith Ungol in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, along with its companion Gorgos (TI/344). The meaning of this name is unclear, but it might be a precursor to later Narchost, one of the towers at the entrance to the Gates of Mordor in the published version of The Lord of the Rings.

nauglavir

proper name. Nauglavir

An adaptation of Ilk. Nauglamír (Ety/NAUK), with the final element mîr “jewel” lenited as it would be in Noldorin.

nardol

place name. Nardol

narog

place name. Narog

nag-

verb. to bite, to bite; [G.] to chew, gnaw

A verb for “bite” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NAK of the same meaning (Ety/NAK).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. nag- was glossed “chew, gnaw” and there was a separate verb G. nactha- for “bite” (GL/59). Both were clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NAKA “bite” (QL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d limit the verb nag- to “bite” for purposes of Neo-Sinarin, and for “gnaw, chew” I’d use a neologism ᴺS. nadh- from the root ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw”.

narogardh

place name. realm of Narog

Apparently an alternate name for Nargothrond appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/NÁRAK), a combination of the river name Narog and ardh “realm”.

naeth

noun. biting, gnashing of teeth

nargothrond

place name. fortress of Narog

naeth

noun. woe (gets sense of gnashing teeth in grief)

naith

noun. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, triangle gore, wedge, narrow promontory

nadhor

noun. pasture

A noun for “pasture” in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as naðor and derived from the root ᴹ√NAD (Ety/NAD).

nadhras

noun. pasture

A noun for “pasture” in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as naðras and derived from the root ᴹ√NAD (Ety/NAD).

naew

noun. jaw

A noun for “jaw” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶nakma (✱“bite-thing”) under the root ᴹ√NAK “bite” (NAK). This word remains phonologically plausible in Sindarin, with ancient k vocalizing to i and the resulting diphthong ai become ae, after which the m became v > w; see VT42/26 for a description of the basic phonetic changes. However, naew might have been displaced conceptually by anc “jaw”, which appeared in a number of later Sindarin names and whose Quenya cognate Q. anca appeared in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E.

nath

noun. web

A noun for “web” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√NAT “lace, weave, tie” with Quenya cognate ᴹQ. natse (Ety/NAT).

nana

noun. mother (hypocoristic), *mommy

A hypocoristic (pet name) for “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the (Noldorin-only?) root ᴹ√NAN (Ety/NAN).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the affectionate or childish diminutives {ami, ama >>} G. (m)ami, (m)ama “mummy” (GL/19), as well as G. babi “mummy, mamma” (GL/21).

Neo-Sindarin: I would use S. emig from the late 1960s as the normal diminutive word for “mother” in Neo-Sindarin, but would retain N. nana as a variant.

nanduhiriath

place name. Dimrill-dale

A precursor to S. Nanduhirion “Vale of Dim Streams” appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/433), apparently ending with the lenited class-plural hiriath of N. sîr “stream”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/1.14).

naneth

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the (Noldorin-only?) root ᴹ√NAN (Ety/NAN). It apparently replaced archaic/poetic N. †emil (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon had a similar set of words for “mother”: G. maba, mabir, baba, and mavwin from the early root ᴱ√maƀ “something nice” (GL/57). The last of these appeared as G. mavwen “ancestress” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, with an archaic meaning of “mother” and variant forms mafwyn and mavuin (PE13/115). In these slips, it seems the normal “mother” word was G. nân (originally glossed “father”) with variant nanwin (PE13/115). This last word is likely the direct precursor of N. naneth.

Neo-Sindarin: I would use S. emel from the late 1960s as the normal word for “mother” in Neo-Sindarin, but would retain N. naneth as a dialectical or more formal variant.

narodûm

place name. Red Valley

Earlier name for Nanduhirion in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s that matched the river name Narosîr “Red Way” (RS/433). It seems to be a combination of naru “red” and a lenited form of tum “valley”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/1.6).

narosîr

place name. Redway

Variant of Crandir, an earlier name for Celebrant in Lord of the Rings (RS/433). It seems to be a combination of naru “red” and sîr “river”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/1.6).

narothal

masculine name. Firefoot

Name of Gandalf’s horse appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/351), a combination of naur “fire” and a mutated form of tâl “foot”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/1.6).

nartha-

verb. to kindle, to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “kindle” given in the Noldorin infinitive form nartho and derived from the root ᴹ√NARTA of the same meaning (EtyAC/NARTA). This root is probably just a causative verb formation from ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire”, and thus more literally “✱make fire”. Hence I think this verb can be used in the general sense of “✱ignite, inflame, set fire to”, etc.

narthas

place name. The Gore

Earliest name for the Naith in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/288). This name also appeared in a deleted entry in The Etymologies as a derivative of a rejected gloss “spear point, gore, triangle” for the root ᴹ√NARTA, whose gloss was changed to “kindle” (EtyAC/NARTA).

nathron

noun. weaver, webster

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “weaver, webster”, an agental form of N. nath “web” (Ety/NAT).

nagol

noun. tooth

Tolkien used various “teeth” words related to the root √NAK “bite” throughout his life. The earliest of these was G. naith “a tooth” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where its connection to the early root ᴱ√NAKA “bite” was made more clear by its archaic plural form nacthin (GL/59). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. naes derived from primitive ᴹ✶nakse under the root ᴹ√NAK “bite” (EtyAC/NAK). As suggested by David Salo (GL/275), another variant ✱nagol “tooth” is suggested by the class plural naglath in the names from Lord of the Rings drafts of 1940s: Naglath Morn “Teeth of Mordor” (WR/122) and Kirith Naglath “Cleft of the Teeth” (WR/137), neither of which made it into the published version.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d recommend using N. nêl or N. neleg for “tooth” words. Primitive ᴹ✶nakse would likely produce ✱nach rather than naes under Sindarin’s phonetic rules; compare S. ach “neck” < ✶aks[e] (PE17/92). As for N. nagol, it was also likely abandoned.

nan-eregdos

place name. Hollin

Earliest Elvish name for “Hollin” (S. Eregion) appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/166), apparently a combination of nann “grassland” and eregdos “holly”.

nan dongoroth

place name. Vale of Black Horror

The Noldorin equivalent of Ilk. Nan Dungorthin in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/DUN, ÑGOROTH), a combination of nann “vale”, donn “black” and goroth “horror”.

nann orothvor

place name. Vale of Black Horror

The Noldorin variant of Ilk. Nan Dungorthin in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/DUN, ÑGOROTH), a combination of nann “vale”, the lenited form of goroth “horror” and the lenited form of morn “black”.

naug

noun. Dwarf

naugol

noun. Dwarf (diminutive)

nae

interjection. alas

naes

noun. tooth

naith

noun. gore

naith

place name. Angle

nan-tathren

place name. Land of Willows

nan-tathrin

place name. Land of Willows

nanduhirion

place name. Dimrill-dale

nan gurunír

place name. Valley of Saruman

nann

noun. wide grassland

nara-

verb. to tell

narchost

place name. *Bitter-biting Fort

nardh

noun. knot

narn

noun. tale, saga

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end; angle, corner

nasta-

verb. to prick, point, stick, thrust

nauglar

collective name. Dwarves

naur

noun. flame

nawag

noun. Dwarf

nad

noun. thing

naeg

noun. pain

narbeleth

noun. October

narch

adjective. *bitter-biting

narcha-

verb. to rend

naud

adjective. bound

nauth

noun. thought

nautha-

verb. to conceive

naw

noun. idea

naeth

noun. biting

naglath morn

proper name. Teeth of Mordor

nagol

noun. tooth

nad

noun. thing

nadhor

noun. pasture

nadhras

noun. pasture

nae

interjection. alas

naeg

noun. pain

naew

noun. jaw

nag-

verb. to bite

naglath

noun. the teeth

nan

preposition. of

nana

noun. mother, mummy

nand

noun. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams

nand

noun. valley

naneth

noun. mother

nann

noun. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams

nann

noun. valley

nara-

verb. to tell

narcha-

verb. to rend

nardh

noun. knot

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

nartha-

verb. to kindle

naru

adjective. red

narw

adjective. red

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nass

noun. angle or corner

nasta-

verb. to prick, point, stick, thrust

nath

noun. web

nathron

noun. weaver, webster

naud

adjective. bound

naug

noun/adjective. stunted, dwarf

naug

noun/adjective. a Dwarf

naugl

noun. dwarf

naugla

noun. *Dwarf

naugol

noun. dwarf

naur

noun. flame

naur

noun. fire

naur ad i gaurhoth

*fire against the wolf-horde

nauth

noun. thought

nautha-

verb. to conceive

naw

noun. idea

nawag

noun. Dwarf

pennas

noun. history

bennas

noun. angle

nírnaeth

noun. lamentation

dannas

noun. autumn

gobennas

noun. history

anaur

noun. Sun

bennas

noun. angle, corner

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

gobennas

noun. history

nírnaeth

noun. (tearful) lamentation

pennas

noun. history, historical account

trenarn

noun. account, tale

naes

noun. tooth

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

agor

adjective. narrow

pethron

noun. narrator, reciter, minstrel

taes

noun. nail

agor

adjective. narrow

agr

adjective. narrow

hell

adjective. naked

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

pethron

noun. narrator

taes

noun. nail

glaer

noun. long lay, narrative poem

gammas

noun. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar)

imlad

noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)

methen

adjective. end, final

nâr

noun. rat

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “rat” derived from primitive ᴹ✶nyadrō under the root ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw” (Ety/NYAD). Tolkien gave the intermediate form naðr, but it is not clear why the ð vanished; compare N. nadhor “pasture” < ᴹ√NAD (< ✱nadrō?), and indeed Tolkien had a variant archaic form naðor “rat” which shows the normal phonetic developments (EtyAC/NYAD).

nelig myrn

proper name. Teeth of Mordor

A name for the towers guarding the entrance to Mordor in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Teeth of Mordor” (WR/113). The name is a combination of the plural of neleg “tooth” and the plural of the adjective morn “black”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.11).

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as (rejected) Naglath Morn (WR/122) using the class-plural naglath “teeth” instead of the ordinary plural nelig. In the published version of The Lord of the Rings, the towers were named individually, as S. Carchost and S. Narchost.

cûl

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

dainthor

masculine name. Saviour of the Dani

A pure Noldorin name for Ilk. Denithor, derived from the same primitive form Ndanithārō (LR/188).

dineth

feminine name. Nessa

A Noldorin name for Nessa appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, it is simply dineth “bride” used as a name (Ety/NĪ¹, NETH, EtyAC/NDIS).

fliw

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as N. fliw “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. thlīwe < ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became thl which was the usual sound change in (Old) Noldorin, and then this thl became fl, a less common Noldorin sound change. There was also a deleted variant of this root: ᴹ√LIW, where Tolkien had lhîw “disease” with the usual unvoicing of initial l in Noldorin (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Sindarin: In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, initial sl became lh instead of thl, so most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lhîw, as suggested by Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD). Based on the deleted variant of the root, I would use the word lhîw for both “sickness” and “disease”, both within a body and independent of it.

garaf

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGARAM (Ety/ÑGAR(A)M).

Conceptual Development: This word seems to have replaced N. araf or aram derived from the rejected root ᴹ√ƷARAM with various glosses like “wolf” or (small or swift) “dog” (Ety/ƷARAM; EtyAC/ƷARAM). This in turn may be a later iteration of G. harog or harw “wolf” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with feminine variant G. harach “a she-wolf” (GL/48).

gaul

noun. wolfhowl

A noun for “wolfhowl” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” (Ety/ÑGAW).

Conceptual Development: This seems to have replaced N. ûn “howl” {<< “groan”} from the deleted root ᴹ√ÑO(NO).

gaw-

verb. to howl

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “howl” derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAW of the same meaning (Ety/ÑGAW).

Conceptual Development: This might be a later iteration of G. gab- “bark, bay of dogs” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/36), which was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” since initial y usually became g in Gnomish.

glî

noun. honey

A word for “honey” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶g-lisi under the root ᴹ√LIS of the same meaning (Ety/LIS).

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists Tolkien also had ᴱN. glí “honey” (PE13/144), presumably similarly derived from the early root ᴱ√LISI. However, in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “honey” was G. neglis with an initial element √neg- (GL/59), the Gnomish equivalent of the early root ᴱ√NEHE that was the basis for ᴱQ. nekte “honey” (QL/65). It is possible that the second element of G. neglis was based on ᴱ√LISI and this was carried forward into later “honey” words.

gwîr

feminine name. Weaver

Noldorin name of ᴹQ. Vaire appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the same primitive form Weirē (Ety/WEY).

hell

noun. frost

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.

lhoebelidh

proper name. Green-elves

Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Laiqendi “Green-elves” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of N. lhoeb “fresh” (cognate of ᴹQ. laiqa “green”) and the plural of N. Eledh “Elf” (Ety/LÁYAK). It also appeared in the variant form Lhoebenidh.

Conceptual Development: In an early form of this entry, it appeared as Lhebenidh or Lhebelidh (EtyAC/LÁYAK).

neleg

noun. tooth

The most common word for “tooth”, appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√NELEK of the same meaning (Ety/NÉL-EK). See variant N. nêl “tooth” for further discussion.

neth

feminine name. Nessa

Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Nessa appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, derived from the same primitive root ᴹ√NETH (Ety/NETH, NĪ¹). Given its Quenya form, the primitive form of this name might have been ✱✶netthā.

nêl

noun. tooth

A word appearing as N. nêl “tooth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√NELEK of the same meaning (Ety/NÉL-EK). It was one of a rare set of primitive words with final k, which was lost in very early stages of the language, to produce ON. nele (PE21/56). Its ON. plural was neleki, which produced nelig in the modern form of the language. Since the plural preserved the stop lost in the simplex, an alternate form N. neleg was restored from the plural.

This longer form neleg appeared as an element in a number of names from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s: {N. Neleg Thilim “Gleaming Tooth” >>} N. Neleglos “White Tooth” (WR/106) and N. Nelig Myrn “Teeth of Mordor” (WR/113). None of these names made it into the published version. However, primitive √nelek “tooth” was mentioned as the basis for Ancient Telerin nele “tooth” in notes from the early 1950s, again with loss of final k and plural neleki (PE21/71-72).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use neleg as the ordinary word for “tooth”, and limit nêl to the final element of compounds.

paw

noun. sickness, sickness, *illness, ailment

A noun for “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume it can apply to general illness and ailment as well.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. côma {“disease, pestilence, sickness” >>} “disease, illness” (GL/26), related to ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” and thus based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76). This became ᴱN. côm in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/123) and then {cóm >>} ᴱN. pau “sickness” in Early Noldorin Word-lists a bit later in this period, still cognate to ᴱQ. qāme (PE13/140, 152). The new form reflected changes in Noldorin’s phonetic developments: kw &gt; p and ā &gt; au instead of earlier (Gnomish) ā &gt; ō and kwo &gt; ko. These Gnomish sound changes were allocated to Ilkorin in the 1930s: see Ilk. côm “sickness”, also from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KWAM).

talagand

masculine name. Harper

A name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/ÑGAN, TYAL), it is simply talagand “harper” used as a name.

êg

noun. thorn

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “thorn” under the root ᴹ√EK (Ety/EK). In The Etymologies this root was glossed “spear”, but I think this gloss applied only to the extended form of the root √EKTE, because elsewhere √EK had other glosses like “sharp, (sharp) point, thorn” (WJ/365; VT48/25; PE22/127).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. eg merely meant “point” (GL/32) while G. aith was “thorn” (GL/18), both from the early root ᴱ√EKE or ᴱ√EHE having to do with points (GL/31; QL/35). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips this became G. aithr “thorn” which also had an archaic sense “†sword” (PE13/108), a word that also appeared as ᴱN. aithr “thorn, [archaic] †sword” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/136).

ûn

noun. creature

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “creature” derived from the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO), perhaps from a primitive form ✱ōno with ancient ō becoming ū.

caron-dûn

place name. Red Valley

Earlier name for Nanduhirion in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s that matched the river name Crandir “Red Way” (RS/419). It appeared in a variety of forms: Carndoom, Doon-Caron and Dûn Caron (RS/433), all apparently rearrangements of the same elements. It seems to be a combination of caran “red” and a variant or lenited form of tum “valley”. This etymology was suggested by Roman Rausch, along with several other possibilities to explain why the initial d was retained when it appeared in the initial element (EE/1.13). This name strongly resembles later S. Carn Dûm in Angmar, and might be a precursor to that name.

damma-

verb. to hammer

It was long considered that damna-, dammint in the Etymologies might have been misreadings. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the exact reading actually remains rather uncertain

dunruin

place name. Red Valley

Earlier name for Nanduhirion in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s that matched the river name Ruinnel “Red Way” (RS/464). It seems to be a combination of a variant form of tum “valley” and a variant or lenited form of gruin “ruddy”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/1.13).

im

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imb

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imm

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

lhûn

adjective. (unknown meaning)

This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution.

no

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

ruinnel

place name. Redway

Earlier name for Celebrant in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/114). Its initial element seems to be a variant form of gruin “ruddy”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.7), but the derivation of the final element is unclear.

tum dincelon

place name. Dimrill-dale

Earliest name for S. Nanduhirion appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/432), apparently starting with N. tum “valley” and ending with Ilk. celon “river”, but the meaning of the middle element is unclear. Roman Rausch suggested it might be related to Ilk. dimb- “sad, gloomy” (EE/1.14).

dangen

adjective. slain

gaur

noun. werewolf

anor

noun. Sun

an-

prefix. with, by

dam

noun. hammer

-eb

suffix. adjective suffix

-en

suffix. adjective suffix

-iel

suffix. adjective suffix

-ren

suffix. adjective suffix

-ui

suffix. adjective suffix

a

conjunction. and

adar

noun. father

an

preposition. of

ar

conjunction. and

badh-

verb. to judge

badhor

noun. judge

balch

adjective. cruel

baudh

noun. judgement

baugla-

verb. to oppress

borth

?. [unglossed]

caran

adjective. red

dag-

verb. to slay

damma-

verb. to hammer

damrod

masculine name. hammerer of copper

diragas

?. [unglossed]

draug

noun. wolf

drava-

verb. to hew

dring

noun. hammer

el

noun. star

emil

noun. mother

ercha-

verb. to prick

eregion

place name. Hollin

firith

noun. autumn

gaer

adjective. dreadful

gannel

noun. harp

geil

noun. star

glamor

noun. echo

glaur

noun. gold

glaw

noun. radiance

goll

adjective. wise

gorgor

adjective. dreadful

gruin

adjective. ruddy

gwedh

noun. bond

henneth annûn

place name. Window of the Sunset

im

pronoun. I

lhûn

adjective. blue

mab

noun. grasp

ment

noun. point

menwed

?. [unglossed]

meth

noun. end

morn

adjective. black

muin

adjective. secret

môr

adjective. black

negra-

verb. to pain

nerwinien

noun. January

nith

?. [unglossed]

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

no

preposition. under

noroth

noun. giant

níth

?. [unglossed]

nîn

noun. tear

nîth

noun. youth

nûd

noun. bond

nûr

adjective. deep

palath

noun. iris

perian

noun. Halfling

porennin

?. [unglossed]

rhis

noun. ravine

rhufen

adjective. east

rhuin

noun. fire

saer

adjective. bitter

sail

adjective. wise

sein

adjective. new

sîdh

noun. peace

talagand

noun. harper

tanc

adjective. firm, firm; [ᴱN.] steady, steadfast; [G.] settled

tathor

noun. willow-tree

telwen

?. [unglossed]

thoron

noun. eagle

thórod

noun. torrent

tol-

verb. to come

ûl

noun. odour, odour, *smell, scent

ûr

noun. fire

-in

suffix. adjective suffix

-rin

suffix. adjective suffix

Anor

noun. sun

ada

noun. father, daddy

adar

noun. father

alag

adjective. rushing, impetuous

an-

prefix. with, by

anc

noun. jaw, row of teeth

badhor

noun. judge

badhron

noun. judge

badhron

noun. judge

balch

adjective. cruel

baudh

noun. judgement

benn

noun. man, male

bess

noun. (young) woman

bess

noun. wife

cael

noun. lying in bed, sickness

caran

adjective. red

carch

noun. tooth, fang

caron

adjective. red

cen-

verb. to see

clei

?. [unglossed]

coen

?. [unglossed]

coll

adjective. (golden) red

crann

adjective. ruddy (of face)

criss

noun. cleft, cut, slash

cîl

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge

côl

noun. gold (metal)

cûn

adjective. bowed, bow-shaped, bent

dae

noun. shadow

daew

noun. shadow

dag-

verb. to slay

dam

noun. hammer

dangen

noun. slain

dantilais

noun. autumn

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence

dess

noun. young woman

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

draf-

verb. to hew

draug

noun. wolf

draugluin

masculine name. Werewolf

dî

noun. woman, lady

dîr

noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)

dôl

noun. head

dôl

noun. hill or mountain

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

eden

adjective. new, begun again

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

elw

adjective. (pale) blue

emil

noun. mother

ercha-

verb. to prick

ethir

noun. mouth (of a river), estuary

fern

noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)

fern

noun/adjective. dead person

fliw

noun. sickness

foeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

forodrim

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. the lands of the North

forodweith

noun. Northmen

forodweith

noun. the lands of the North

gaer

adjective. dreadful

galadriel

feminine name. Galadriel

gandel

noun. harp

gannel

noun. harp

garaf

noun. wolf

gaul

noun. wolf-howl

gaur

noun. werewolf

geil

noun. star, bright spark

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

glambr

noun. echo

glamor

noun. echo

glaw

noun. radiance

glî

noun. honey

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

goll

adjective. wise

golwen

adjective. wise, learned in deep arts

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

gruin

adjective. ruddy

gwaedh

noun. bond, troth, compact, oath

gwanod

noun. tale, number

gwedh

noun. bond

gwend

noun. bond, friendship

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

hûl

noun. cry of encouragement in battle

ial

noun. (?) a call, (?) a cry

ialla-

verb. to call

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

ind

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

inn

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

lasbelin

noun. autumn

lhach

noun. (leaping) flame

lhae

noun. great number

lhaer

noun. long lay

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. path

maer

adjective. useful, fit, good (of things)

mallen

adjective. of gold, golden

malt

noun. gold (as metal)

malthen

adjective. of gold, golden

mauth

?. [unglossed]

meglin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like

ment

noun. point

meth

noun. end

morn

adjective. black, dark

negra-

verb. to pain

neleg

noun. tooth

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

noer

adjective. sad, lamentable

nuin

preposition. under the

nâr

noun. rat

nêl

noun. tooth

nîn

noun. tear

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

nîth

noun. youth

nûr

adjective. deep

old

noun. torrent, mountain-stream

oll

noun. torrent, mountain-stream

pannod

verb. to fill

pathra-

verb. to fill

paw

noun. sickness

pel

noun. fenced field (= Old English tún)

pelin

noun. fading, withering

penia-

verb. to fix, to set

pent

noun. tale

rhaudh

adjective. hollow, cavernous

rhaug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

rhess

noun. ravine

rhess

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

rosta-

verb. to hollow out, excavate

râd

noun. path, track

rîdh

noun. sown field, acre

saer

adjective. bitter

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sein

adjective. new

sigil

noun. dagger, knife

sîdh

noun. peace

talagand

noun. harper

tanc

adjective. firm

tangada-

verb. to make firm, confirm, establish

tele

noun. end, rear, hindmost part

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thela

noun. point (of spear)

thliw

noun. sickness

thoron

noun. eagle

thurin

adjective. secret, hidden

thórod

noun. torrent

thôr

noun. eagle

thôr

noun. eagle

tol-

verb. to come

tum

noun. deep valley, under or among hills

êg

noun. thorn

ûl

noun. odour

ûn

noun. creature

ûr

noun. fire, heat