ya

pronoun. remote demonstrative

yanga-

verb. to yawn

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to yawn” derived from the root ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” (Ety/YAG).

yavannie

noun. September, *Yavanna-ness

yasse

adverb. there [yonder]; once upon a time

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/97, 111), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, it was based on ᴹQ. yá “ago” and translated as “once upon a time” (Ety/YA).

yan(an)

adverb. at that (distant) time, then (long ago)

A correlatives appearing as yanan or (archaic) †yan in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/96, 109), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

yanar(yas)

adverb. in those days of yore

A correlatives appearing as yanar or yanaryas in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “day”.

yane

pronoun. that yonder

The correlative ᴹQ. yane “that yonder” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, a pronominal form of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” with masculine and feminine variants yano and {yare >>} yanie (PE23/102).

yallo

adverb. *from there (yonder)

A correlative in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. ablative suffix -llo.

yanna

adverb. *to there (yonder)

A correlative in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. allative suffix -nna.

yanta

noun. yoke

The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. yanta “yoke” derived from primitive ᴹ✶yantā under the root ᴹ√YAT “join” (Ety/YAT). However, in Tolkien’s later writings, Q. yanta was translated as “bridge” instead (LotR/1123).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had ᴱQ. {yatra >>} yarta “yoke” under the early root ᴱ√ẎATA “join” (QL/105), as well as ᴱQ. yalta “yoke” derived from ᴱ✶yḹta under the early root ᴱ√YḶTḶ (QL/106). In the Gnomish Lexicon also from the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. yalte as cognate to G. galt “yoke” (GL/37).

Neo-Quenya: Of the options above, I think ᴺQ. yalta is the best choice for a Neo-Quenya word for “yoke”, as a cognate to ᴺS. ialt. For example, Helge Fauskanger used both yanta and yalta for “yoke” in his NQNT (NQNT).

yatta

noun. narrow neck, isthmus, (narrow) neck, isthmus; *(lit.) joining

A word for “narrow neck, isthmus” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/YAK). Although Christopher Tolkien presented ᴹQ. yatta as if it were a derivative of ᴹ√YAK (LR/400), in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it was actually a derivative of a deleted root ᴹ√YATH, that appeared between ᴹ√YAK and ᴹ√YAT “join” (VT46/22). Although ᴹ√YATH was deleted, ᴹQ. yatta was not, and it was possible Tolkien reconceived of it as a derivative of ᴹ√YAT, as suggested by Hostetter and Wynne. As for ᴹ√YAK, Tolkien had a similar word ᴹQ. yat (yaht-) “neck” derived from that root.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. yatta “neck, also isthmus” under the early root ᴱ√ẎATA “join”, along with an archaic variant †yat (QL/105). In a list of body parts from the 1920s, Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. yat (yakt-) “neck” (PE14/117).

Neo-Quenya: It is not clear that both yaht- and yatta should coexist. For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would just use yatta “(narrow) neck, isthmus”, as it has a clearer etymology and ᴹ√YAT has a larger set of derivatives.

yat

noun. goat

The word ᴹQ. yat (yak-) “goat” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/24).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s and Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. yakko was “ox” (QL/105; PE16/132). In Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, Tolkien gave the possibly-related primitive form ✶najak- for “goat”, with masculine and feminine variants ✶najakō “he-goat” and ✶naikē “she-goat” (PE21/82).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger used ᴺQ. naico for (male?) “goat” in his NQNT (NQNT) as a derivative of ✶najakō, and I would recommend this over ᴹQ. yat for this purpose. However, I’d recommend ᴺQ. nyéni for a female goat (adapted from ᴱQ. nyéni) since it (a) is more distinctive than ✱naice and (b) does not conflict with ᴹQ. naike “sharp pain”; Helge Fauskanger used nyéni in NQNT as well.

yalúme

noun. former times

yana

pronoun. yonder; that (the former)

yá

adverb. formerly, ago, at that (distant) time, then (long ago)

yallume

adverb. at that (far distant) time, at last

yaiwe

noun. mocking, scorn

yalúmea

adjective. olden

yanwe

noun. bridge, joining, isthmus

yat

noun. neck, neck; [ᴱQ.] isthmus

yavanna

feminine name. Fruit-giver

yanta

noun. bridge

yasse tintilar i eleni

*wherein the stars tremble

yalme

noun. clamour

yanan né

in those days of yore

yanas(se)

adverb. *there (yonder)

yas

adverb. there [remote]

yassen elli atintillinar

*wherein the stars tremble

indyalme

noun. clamour

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as {ñalme >>} yalme or indyalme “clamour” derived from the root {ᴹ√ÑGAL(AM) >>} ᴹ√ÑGYAL(AM) “talk loud or incoherently” (Ety/ÑGAL; EtyAC/ÑGAL). The form indyalme can be explained as the result of the usual syllabification of initial ṇ̃ to iñ, and then the resulting ingy- becoming indy- because of how velars became dentals before y. The form yalme is more difficult to explain, however, since according to the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1), initial ñgy became ñy and then ny (PE19/36). Thus the expected form would be ✱nyalme (†ñyalme).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I recommend using indyalme over yalme as more consistent with what Tolkien wrote on Quenya phonology. This is somewhat challenging, since in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien gave only the form yalme (LR/377), and the form indyalme was not published until Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne’s Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies from 2004 (VT44/3). This makes the form indyalme more obscure that yalme, but I’d still recommend its use.

harya-

verb. to possess

elli yas atintilar

*wherein the stars tremble

-ya

suffix. aorist active participle, general verbal adjective

illi

as many as

The correlative ᴹQ. illi “as many as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “many”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. yallini “as many as” using the relative pronoun ya more commonly used in declined forms in later writings, such as Q. yassë “where [relative]”.

yár

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Quena form to yōr (EtyAC/YAR).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. hari “blood” from the Early Quenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s might be a precursor. It in turn was probably related to earlier ᴱQ. hara(nda) “flesh-meat” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since Tolkien changed its cognate from [N.] iâr to [S.] agar, this Quenya word is probably no longer valid, and for purposes of Neo-Quenya I recommend using the later word Q. sercë “blood” instead.

yáwe

noun. ravine, cleft, gully

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ravine, cleft, gully” derived from primitive ᴹ✶yagwē (Ety/YAG). As published in The Lost Road, this word was glossed “ravine, cleft, gulf”, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to “ravine, cleft, gully” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (EtyAC/YAG).

helke

noun. ice

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. helke “ice” also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

ván

noun. goose

A noun for “goose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶wān under the root ᴹ√WĀ “blow” (Ety/WĀ).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s the words for “goose” was ᴱQ. ẏanwa (QL/105).

huo

noun. dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dog” derived from the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It is probably one of the better known words for “dog” in Quenya, and was widely used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

mallo

adverb. whence

A correlatives meaning “whence” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo. It also appeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from this same period (PE22/124).

man(an)

adverb. when

The correlatives manan or man “when” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would stick to ᴹQ. mallume, since I think -n(an) was abandoned.

miue

noun. cat

A word for “cat” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, from primitive {mauı̯ǝ >>} miuı̯ǝ (PE21/12-13), and so probably related to the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” from The Etymologies which had the derivative ᴹQ. miule “whining, mewing” (Ety/MIW). The stem form of this “cat” word is the rather unusual miuy-.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, the word for “cat” was ᴱQ. meoi (QL/61; PME/61), as in ᴱQ. Vardo Meoita “Prince of Cats” (LT2/15), a sobriquet of ᴱQ. Tevildo. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien instead gave ᴱQ. yaule “cat”, probably an onomatopoeic word as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/132).

Neo-Quenya: In PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, Terry Dock suggested the neuter, feminine and masculine neologisms for “cat”: ᴺQ. miura, ᴺQ. miurë, and ᴺQ. miuro. However, this predates the publication of ᴹQ. miue “cat”, and I would recommend just sticking with the attested form.

yáre

masculine name. Eldest

A name for Tom Bombadil in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Eldest” (TI/125). It seems to be yáre “former days” (or some variation thereof) used as a name.

yé

noun. eye

The word ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” appeared in the Qenya Phonology of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21), and ᴱQ. sē reappeared with the gloss “eye, eyeball” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] (QL/82). A similar word ᴹQ. yé “eye” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/40). Both were likely displaced by Q. hen “eye” < √KHEN.

yára

adjective. old, ancient, belonging to or descending from former times

yáre

noun. former days

-iel

suffix. daughter

-ien

suffix. daughter

anta-

verb. to give

naham-

verb. to summon

ringe

noun. cold, cold, *chill

yen(de)

noun. daughter

yána

noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary

@@@ used as “shrine, sanctuary” in NQNT

yáve

noun. fruit

panda

noun. enclosure

tasse

adverb. there

tul-

verb. to come

yo

conjunction. and

íre

conjunction. when

anga

noun. iron

ungwe

noun. gloom

yelde

noun. daughter

yárea

adjective. olden

-on

suffix. great

landa

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad

-ta

suffix. causative

fírien

noun. Winter

hen

noun. eye

hríve

noun. winter

hó

noun. shout

in

pronoun. that

indon

conjunction. as

The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.

lóna

adjective. dark

mane

pronoun. who

qelle

noun. Autumn

tana

that

tanas(se)

adverb. *there

tane

pronoun. that

tas

adverb. there

va

preposition. away

vainar

noun. sailor

veaner

noun. sailor

ye

preposition. at

ye

conjunction. and

yu

conjunction. and

yára-noldorin

proper name. Old Noldorin

yára túro mante ilqa masta ha mé·ne úmahtale

old Túro’s eating of all the bread was a nuisance to us

yór

noun. blood

úra

adjective. large