-li

suffix. many, multiplicative suffix

-lin

suffix. noun suffix

-linte

suffix. diminutive

-lis

suffix. noun suffix

-litse

suffix. diminutive

auro

noun. sun

A noun appearing in Early Noldorin Word-lists as {ūru >>} auro, cognate of ᴱN. úr “sun”, and derived from {✶ourǝ >>} ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155). Elsewhere Q. Úr(in) was a name for the Sun from the 1910s up through the 1950s, but Tolkien eventually changed this to Vása (MR/198).

esta-

verb. to send

A deleted verb glossed “send” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√ERE/ESE [EÐE] “out” as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

karkapolka

noun. boar, *(lit.) tusk-pig

The word ᴱQ. karkapolka “boar” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a combination of ᴱQ. karka “fang, tooth, tusk” and ᴱQ. polka “pig” (QL/48), hence literally “✱tusk pig”.

Conceptual Development: The word for “boar” in the Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s was ᴱQ. úro (PE16/132), but its derivation is unclear.

Neo-Quenya: I’d use ᴺQ. carcapolca for “boar” in Neo-Quenya, as its etymology is more transparent.

matsile

noun. bear

A word appearing only as an element in the name ᴱQ. Oromatsile “Great Bear” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). It was a cognate of ᴱN. magli “bear” = “honey-eater”, and hence composed of the same elements: ᴱQ. mata- “eat” and ᴱQ. ile “honey”, where the s appeared because ti became tsi in Early Qenya, so that matile > matsile.

eldasilqe

noun. maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress

A word appearing as ᴱQ. eldasilqe “maidenhair fern, (sea) elf’s tress” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, a combination of ᴱQ. Elda “elf” and ᴱQ. silqe “tree of hair” (QL/35; PME/35).

Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. eldafindë “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, using the later word findë for “tress”.

fumella

noun. (red) poppy, *(lit.) flower of sleep

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. {fūmella >>} fumella or fūmelot “poppy” in the Qenya Lexicon, with an initial element ᴱQ. fúme “sleep” and a second element of either the suffix -lla or a reduced form of ᴱQ. lóte “flower” (QL/39). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa the variants were fumella and fúmelot valinoriva “poppy” (PME/39). In other early notes Tolkien had “Fumella, the red poppy that grew in hosts in Lorien’s gardens” (PE15/14).

Neo-Quenya: Since Tolkien abandoned ᴱQ. fúme “sleep”, I would update this word to ᴺQ. lórelot “poppy, ✱(lit.) flower of sleep” using a later form lórë for “sleep”.

helilokte

noun. wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster

A word appearing as ᴱQ. helilokte “(purple cluster) wisteria” in the Qenya Lexicon, a combination of ᴱQ. helin “pansy [= purple flow]” and ᴱQ. lokte “(flower) cluster” (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. helin “pansy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. helillos “wisteria, (lit.) purple cluster” using the later word lós “mass of flowers” for its second element.

kankale-malina

noun. daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. kankale-malina “daffodil” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. kankale “laughter” and ᴱQ. malina “yellow” (QL/44; PME/44).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this word to ᴺQ. lalië-malina “daffodil, (lit.) yellow laughter” using a later form [ᴺQ.] lalië for “laughter”.

karneambar

noun/adjective. robin, (lit.) red-breast

A word appearing as ᴱQ. karneambar “robin” in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. karne “red” and ᴱQ. ambar “breast” (QL/48; PME/49). Somewhat oddly, Tolkien specified this word was both “adj. or noun”, but then hinted at a specifically adjectival form ᴱQ. [[eq|[karneambar]a]] by adding -a on the line below it.

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. carniambos “robin, (lit.) red-breast” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, combining Q. carnë (carni-) “red” with ᴺQ. ambos “breast”.

koisimatwa

adjective. carnivorous

A word appearing as ᴱQ. koisimatwa “carnivorous” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. koite (koisi-) “animal” and ᴱQ. -matwa “✱eating” (QL/48).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would update this word to ᴺQ. celvamatya “carnivorous, (lit.) animal-eating” as a combination of the later elements Q. celva “animal” and Q. -matya “eating”.

lindelokte

noun. laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. lindelokte “singing-cluster, laburnum”, a combination of ᴱQ. lin (lind-) “musical voice” and ᴱQ. lokte “flower cluster” (QL/55). ᴱQ. Lindelokte was also an earlier name for Q. Laurelin, one of the Two Trees (LT1/22).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this word to ᴺQ. lindelos (lindelós-) “laburnum, (lit.) singing cluster”, using the later elements lindë “singing” and lós [þ] “mass of flowers”. I think this word can coexist with culumalda which Tolkien said also might refer to a laburnum (RC/626).

túvima

adjective. acceptable

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tūvima “acceptable” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based in the verb ᴱQ. tuvu- “receive, accept” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this adjective to ᴺQ. cávima “acceptable” based on the later verb cav- “receive, ✱accept”, especially since túvima was glossed “discoverable” in Tolkien’s later writings (PE22/155). In his NQNT (NQNT) Helge Fauskanger instead had ᴺQ. maicámima “acceptable” (lit. “well-receivable”) based on the alternate verb form cam- “receive”.

minqe

cardinal. eleven

-(w)inte

suffix. diminutive

-itse

suffix. diminutive

tuile

noun. spring, (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green

wingil

noun. (sea) nymph; (lit.) foam-maiden

(m)ambe

noun. mother

-(l)inta

suffix. diminutive

-(w)inta

suffix. diminutive

-alima

suffix. -able, possible

-ika

suffix. partitive

-ima

suffix. -able, possible

-ine

suffix. noun suffix

-inya

suffix. diminutive

-itsa

suffix. diminutive

-lla

suffix. diminutive

-lle

suffix. diminutive

-pi(t)

suffix. diminutive

-pin(ke)

suffix. diminutive

-re

suffix. noun suffix

-rin

suffix. noun suffix

-tsa

suffix. diminutive

-íne(a)

suffix. diminutive

ahúra

noun. Sun

An early Qenya word for the Sun appearing in a word list from the 1920s (PE15/77). Its etymology is obscure.

ainatar

masculine name. God, (lit.) Holy Father

A name for Ilúvatar appearing in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/34, PME/34). It is a compound of aina “holy” and atar “father”.

aksa

noun. waterfall

A word for “waterfall” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√ASAKA (QL/29). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as a cognate of G. acha of the same meaning (GL/17).

ama

noun. mother

amaimi

noun. mother

ambe

noun. mother

ambi

noun. mother

amis

noun. mother

ammi

noun. mother

amunte

noun. sun-rise, (lit.) lifting

andesalke

place name. Africa, (lit.) Long-grass

A name for Africa from the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/31, 84), glossed “long-grass” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/31). It is a compound of ande(a) “long” and salki “grass”.

ankasse(a)

adjective. lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed

attalaite

adjective. biped

attalin

noun. biped

aurinka

adjective. sunny

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s equivalent to ᴱQ. aurea “sunlit, sunny”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. aure (auri-) “sunlight” (QL/33). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “sunny” (PME/33).

ausi-

prefix. well

avestalis

noun. January

dienda

noun. day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday

enga

noun. mead

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mead” in the sense “✱meadow”, a derivative of ᴱ√EŊE (QL/36).

enwa

noun. tomorrow

falkasse(a)

adjective. bald

fanóre

noun. day-dream

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a day-dream” under the early root ᴱ√FANA (QL/37).

fanórea

adjective. absent-minded

fanóriva

adjective. absent-minded

fingwa

adjective. narrow

fuiyáru

noun. deadly nightshade

fúmelot

noun. poppy

heruvesto

noun. husband, (lit.) lord husband

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “husband (lord husband)” (QL/40), a combination of ᴱQ. heru “lord” and a masculine form of ᴱQ. vesta “marriage”.

hista-

verb. to fade

hyá-

verb. to stand

ildi

collective name. men

iluqinga

noun. rainbow

inwetelumbe

noun. mushroom, (lit.) fairy-canopy

itselokte

proper name. Pleiades, (lit.) Cluster of (Silver) Flies

Qenya name for the Pleiades appearing in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/43; PME/43). It was translated as “Cluster of (Silver) Flies”, a combination of itse “small fly” and lokte “flower-cluster”.

kai

cardinal. ten; (lit.) all fingers

kainen

cardinal. ten

kalainis

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/44), an abstract noun formation from kalaine “serenity, serene”.

kalla

noun. helmet

kasien

noun. helmet

kasqar(in)

noun. helmet

kea

cardinal. ten

kilapi

noun. robin

A word for “robin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with a variant [kilap]ink, related to the verb ᴱQ. kilapitya- “to chirp” (QL/46) and G. cilobinc “robin” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/26).

kilapink

noun. robin

kuruvar

noun. wizard

kémisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the second Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Kémi and sana “day”.

kólemaina

adjective. patient

kópas

noun. haven

kópas

place name. Haven

Short name for Kópas Alqalunte(n) in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/255).

laivar

noun. ocean

A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).

lattin

noun. window

A word appearing as ᴱQ. lattin or lattulis “window” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. lat (latt-) “flap, small hinged door, lid” (QL/51).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. lat (latt-) as a derivative of the later root √LAT “open”, I would retain ᴺQ. lattin “window” as well, a word also used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

lattulis

noun. window

lemin

cardinal. five; (lit.) half the fingers

lempe

cardinal. five

lempe

cardinal. ten

li(n)-

prefix. many

lia(r)

adjective. many

limba

adjective. many

limil

noun. chain

lin

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with a stem form of {linge- >>} ling- (QL/54).

lingo

noun. snake

liqilitl

noun. icicle, *(lit.) clear drop

loimea

adjective. thirsty

loire

adjective. thirsty

lotession

proper name. May

lunde

noun. (lunar) month; (lit.) period

lunde kalaina

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and kalain(e)a “serene” similar to another name of this month: Kalainis.

lunde lótea

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and lótea “full of blossom”.

lunde niq(il)issea

proper name. January

A name for the month of January in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and niqissea “snowy”.

mai

adverb. too much

maika

adjective. cruel

maisilanda

noun. sycamore

mande

adverb. well

manwisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Manwe and sana “day”.

marda

noun. world

marikta

noun. wrist

mi(e)-

prefix. diminutive

mike-

prefix. diminutive

miki-

prefix. diminutive

mimbematwa

adjective. carnivorous

A word appearing as ᴱQ. koisimatwa “carnivorous” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. mimbe “flesh” and ᴱQ. -matwa “✱eating” (QL/48).

máye

adverb. too much

narqelion

noun. Autumn

nehta

noun. hawthorn

nieninqe

noun. snowdrop, (lit.) white tear

non(n)o

noun. tomorrow

nond(in)a

adjective. tomorrow

nua(n)

noun. tomorrow

nuo

noun. tomorrow

núme

noun. west

ola-

prefix. many

olirdea

adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels

olli

adjective. many

olli-

prefix. many

oqi

noun. snake

orda

adjective. lofty

ormin

noun. top

oronte

noun. sun-rise

orwa

adjective. lofty

peksiporoku

masculine name. Chantecler, (lit.) Cox-comb

An otherwise unexplained name in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/73; PME/73), a combination of pekte “plume” and poroke “barn fowl”. According to the editors (Gilson, Hostetter, Wynne, Smith), “Chanticleer” is the Old French name of the rooster in the fable of Reynard the Fox.

poar

noun. north

poldórien

proper name. Sunday

Name of Sunday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to manhood and strength, and was probably derived from poldor “strength”.

póme

noun. north

qen

noun. Elf

qende

noun. Elf

rána

noun. Moon

salaqintl

noun. violin, (lit.) thrumsqueak-er

salaqíne

noun. violin, (lit.) thrumsqueak-er

salkinóre

place name. Africa, *(lit.) Grass Land

Qenya name for Africa in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/84; PME/84), a combination of salki “grass” with nóre “land”.

selka

adjective. bright

silqeléni

noun. silver birch, (lit.) long tresses

A word for a “silver-birch” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. silqe “tress of hair” and -léni “long”, hence more literally “[lady of] long tresses” (QL/53, 83; PME/83).

sorin

noun. throne

sunqelaine

noun. sunset

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sunset”, an elaboration of ᴱQ. sunqele “setting of stars, moon, sun, etc.” (QL/87).

sá

noun. fire

sári

proper name. Sun

A name for the Sun in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/186), probably a derivative of the root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sári).

síre

noun. stream

súlisan

proper name. Sunday

Alternate of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of súlime “wind” and sana “day”, replacing rejected Taimósi (probably from taime “sky”).

tahóra

adjective. lofty

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

tan(y)a

noun. fire

An element meaning “fire” in some early names: tanya in ᴱQ. Tanyasalpe (LT1/187), tana in ᴱQ. Tana Qentima equivalent of G. Tôn a Gwedrin “Tale-fire” (PE15/7; LT2/197), and possibly also in ᴱQ. Fatanyu “Hell” (GL/51). Tan(y)a is likely a derivative of the early root ᴱ√tan- (GL/69, 71).

tantl

noun. shuttle

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tantl “shuttle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TṆTṆ with derivatives having to do with “bouncing” (QL/93).

Neo-Quenya: I adapt this early root as ᴺ√TANAT “bounce”, and as would therefore update the Early Qenya word to ᴺQ. tantal “shuttle”. This does conflict somewhat with late 1960s tant(il)a “harp”, but I prefer 1930s ᴹQ. nande for “harp” words.

tarasse

noun. hawthorn

tasarinan

place name. Land of Willows

telimektar

proper name. Orion, (lit.) Swordsman of Heaven

telumbe

noun. mushroom, (lit.) fairy-canopy

A word appearing as ᴱQ. telumbe “mushroom” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√TELE “cover in”, along with a longer variant inwetelumbe where the initial element was ᴱQ. inwe “fairy” (QL/42), hence more properly “fairy-canopy” (QL/90).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TELU meant “roof in” in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. telumbë “mushroom” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

tinwetári

feminine name. Queen of Stars

tuilindo

noun. swallow, (lit.) spring-singer

tuilére

noun. Spring

tur

noun. king

turanwen

noun. princess

turille

noun. princess

turindo

noun. palace

turinqi

noun. queen

turqin

noun. queen

turwen

noun. princess

tyá

adverb. now

tyé

noun. tea

A word for “tea” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, clearly a loan word from some mortal language, though the path of transmission isn’t clear (QL/49). European words for “tea” are generally based on either Mandarin ch’a via Portuguese or Amoy t’e (a Chinese dialect) via Dutch, becoming in English “chai” or “tea” respectively.

tyúte

noun. thumb

túrani

noun. queen

túranu

noun. king

túrion

noun. palace

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tūrion (túriond-) or turindo “palace” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/95). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had ᴱQ. tūriond- “palace” (PME/96).

Neo-Quenya: I would use ᴺQ. túrion as “palace” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since the root √TUR “master(y), strong” survived on Tolkien’s later writing. This word was used, for example, in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT). ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000s proposed a different neologism: ᴺQ. arcöa “palace”, a combination of ar(a)- “noble” and cöa “house”. In a 2024-12-28 post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Fëastorno it might also mean “court” in the sense “residence of a king or ruler”.

ukku

noun. rainbow

ulird(e)a

adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels

@@@ possibly based on unattested hir(d) “innards, bowels, guts”, cognate of ᴱN. girdh, as suggested by Damien Bador in private correspondance

uru

noun. fire

vainole

noun. quiver

vala

noun. God

vande

adverb. well

vardar

noun. king

varni

noun. queen

varya

adjective. different

veniel

noun. mariner

veru

noun. husband

veruner

noun. husband

vestale

noun. wedding

vitevíse

noun. *resin, gum, (lit.) sap-blood

voronda

adjective. faithful

welme

noun. spring

welwe

noun. spring

yan

conjunction. when

yendiéra

noun. day before yesterday, (lit.) yesterday’s yesterday

@@@ primitive ndjē to ndiē?

âmi

noun. mother

ô

preposition. from

úrin

proper name. Sun, (lit.) Fire

úro

noun. boar

ûr

proper name. Sun, (lit.) Fire

Name of the Sun in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/187), sometimes appearing as úri (MC/214, 221), derived from the root ᴱ√URU having to do with heat (QL/98).

latta

noun. year